Communities and Livelihood Strategies: An Overview

Lahan merupakan salah satu sumber daya agraria yang sangat penting bagi petani dikarenakan lahan merupakan salah satu sumber untuk bertahan hidup. Sesuai dengan Undang-Undang Dasar Nomor 41 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan Lahan Pertanian Pangan Berkelanjutan. Pembangunan yang terjadi di Indonesia semakin masif, menimbulkan konversi lahan bersifat permanen ketika lahan sawah beririgasi berubah menjadi kawasan pemukiman atau industri. Konversi lahan yang terjadi menyebabkan hilangnya beberapa atau seluruh modal nafkah yang ada. Perubahan modal nafkah ini akan mengakibatkan perubahan strategi nafkah petani. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak konversi lahan terhadap strategi nafkah dan pengaruh pemanfaatan modal nafkah terhadap strategi nafkah rumah tangga. Lokasi penelitian ini yaitu Desa Pasirgaok, Kecamatan Rancabungur, Kabupaten Bogor. Metode yang digunakan untuk menggali fakta, data, dan informasi dalam penelitian adalah pendekatan kuantitatif melalui metode survei dengan kuesioner yang didukung oleh data kualitatif melalui wawancara dan studi literatur hingga diperoleh hasil bahwa dampak konversi lahan mempengaruhi modal dan strategi nafkah.Kata Kunci: buruh tani, konversi lahan, modal nafkah, strategi nafkah=====ABSTRACTLand is one of the most important agrarian resources for farmers because land is one source of livelihood survival. According to Constitution Number 41 Year 2009 on concerning The Protection of Sustainable Food Agriculture. The development that is taking place in Indonesia is increasingly massive leading to permanent land conversion when technical irrigated rice fields change into residential or industrial areas. The land conversion that occurs causes a loss of some or all existing livelihood asset. This change in livelihood asset will result in a change in farmers livelihood strategies. This study aims to analyze the influence of the impact of land conversion towards livelihood strategies and the influence of the utilization of livelihood asset towards the livelihood strategies households. The location of this research is Pasirgaok Village, Rancabungur District, Bogor Regency. The method used to extract facts, data, and information in the research is the quantitative approach through survey method with questionnaires supported by qualitative data through interview and literature study until it is obtained that the impact of land conversion towards landless farmer household’s assets and livelihood strategies.Keywords: land conversion, landless farmer, livelihood asset, livelihood strategies

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The Nexus between Rural Household Livelihoods and Agricultural Functions: Evidence from China

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11030241 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 241

Author(s):

Bencheng Liu ◽

Yangang Fang

Keyword(s):

Social Security ◽

Household Survey ◽

Livelihood Strategies ◽

Agricultural Product ◽

Full Time ◽

Cultural Function ◽

Livelihood Assets ◽

Part Time ◽

The Relationship ◽

Farming Households

Understanding the relationship between households’ livelihoods and agricultural functions is important for regulating and balancing households’ and macrosocieties’ agricultural functional needs and formulating better agricultural policies and rural revitalization strategies. This paper uses peasant household survey data obtained from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) and statistical analysis methods, to analyze the differences in livelihood assets and agricultural functions of households with different livelihood strategies and the relationship between livelihood assets and agricultural functions. Households are categorized based on their livelihood strategies as full-time farming households, part-time farming I households, part-time farming II households, and non-farming households. The agricultural product supply and negative effects of the ecological service function of full-time farming households are higher than those of part-time farming and non-farming households. Part-time farming I households have the strongest social security function, while non-farming households have the weakest social security function. Non-farming households have the strongest leisure and cultural function, while part-time farming I households have the weakest leisure and cultural function. Households’ demand for agricultural functions is affected by livelihood assets. Effective measures should be taken to address contradictions in the agricultural functional demands of households and macrosocieties.

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Impact of MGNREGA on a Tightened Labour Market

Social Change ◽

10.1177/0049085717728004 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

pp. 552-564 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Akhil Alha

Keyword(s):

Labour Market ◽

Field Survey ◽

Livelihood Strategies ◽

Agricultural Work ◽

Rural Employment ◽

Female Workers ◽

Production Relations ◽

Employment Guarantee ◽

The Impact ◽

Exclusive Category

The study discusses the impact of the implementation of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) on an already tightened rural labour market through a field survey conducted in two villages of Rajasthan. The article argues that the impact of the programme in a constricted rural labour market has been marginal because of a low off-take of work because of already developed alternate livelihood strategies which reduced the incentive to work in this programme. Nevertheless, the scheme has been instrumental in two ways: first, it led to the withdrawal of lower caste women from agricultural work which signifies an escape from the exploitative production relations in the two villages under study; and second, it has resulted in the formation of an exclusive category of MGNREGA workers consisting of female workers from the middle castes who were previously were not participating in paid labour.

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Livelihood strategies, environmental dependency and rural poverty: the case of two villages in rural Mozambique

Environment Development and Sustainability ◽

10.1007/s10668-015-9658-6 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 593-613 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Solomon Zena Walelign

Keyword(s):

Rural Poverty ◽

Livelihood Strategies

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Multifunzionalitŕ e sviluppo rurale in Africa: un'analisi a livello household

QA Rivista dell Associazione Rossi-Doria ◽

10.3280/qu2009-002002 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 31-63

Author(s):

Filippo Arfini ◽

Fabio Landini

Keyword(s):

Linear Programming ◽

Rural Development ◽

Quantitative Evaluation ◽

Technological Progress ◽

Policy Design ◽

Rural Households ◽

Livelihood Strategies ◽

Economic Sustainability ◽

Lp Model

- This work offers an interpretation of the role that multifunctionality plays in the policies that sustain rural development. Assuming as a reference the livelihood approach, we analyse multifunctionality within a framework which differs from the usual Wto negotiations. We reappraise its significance as a variable that reinforces the livelihood strategies of the rural households. In terms of policy design we analyse the costs of the secondary services and the variables that allow for their reduction. A quantitative evaluation is then carried out on the basis of an LP model taking a multifunctional farm in Africa. The results obtained are that: multifunctionality is very costly; most of the private costs of multifunctionality are due to constraints on specialisation in production; both coupled and de-coupled payment sustain multifunctionality but in different ways; technological progress is a key variable for economic sustainability.EconLit Classification: C020, Q010, Q120, Q180Keywords: Multifunctionality, Rural Development, Livelihood Approach, Linear Programming

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Resilience through Adaptation: Innovations in Maasai Livelihood Strategies

Nomadic Peoples ◽

10.3197/np.2021.250206 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 278-311

Author(s):

Jacques Pollini ◽

John G. Galaty

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Small Towns ◽

Economic Stress ◽

Livelihood Strategies ◽

Land Loss ◽

Economic Resilience ◽

Territorial Expansion ◽

Livelihood Systems ◽

Increase Productivity ◽

Adaptive Cycles

This article examines strategies adopted by Maasai and other pastoralists in Kenya to adapt to climate change, population growth, land loss, decreasing livestock holdings and land degradation, aimed at achieving greater socio-economic resilience. Using case studies mostly from Narok County and reviewing the increasingly rich literature on pastoralism and conservation in East Africa, we show that pastoralists employ three main strategies to adapt their livelihood systems: intensification (changes in land use systems to increase productivity per hectare); extensification (through territorial expansion into unoccupied areas or territories of neighbouring communities in our cases); and diversification (the combination of pastoralism with other livelihood strategies, mainly farming, conservation, tourism, business and wage jobs, often through migration to small towns or urban centres). Maasai communities have been quick to adopt these strategies, individually or in combination, in order to overcome ecological and socio-economic stress and to pursue opportunities as they arise. Since these strategies are generally compatible with extensive pastoralism, this land use will continue to play a key role in sustaining the livelihoods of people living in semi-arid and arid rangelands. However, when intensification and diversification through the adoption of ranching and farming occur, the rangeland becomes fragmented, with severe impacts on wildlife. In such cases, incentives for sustaining conservation and wildlife tourism will need to increase to compensate land holders for foregoing these more intensive land uses, thus moving towards reconciliation of ecological sustainability and strengthened livelihoods. These findings are illuminated by Gunderson and Holling's (2002) panarchy model and its nested adaptive cycles, where resilience is achieved by providing for change through loosening and reorganising connections between elements in the system.

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