Altered Vascular Calcium Metabolism As a Possible Cause of Increased Blood Pressure in Essential Hypertension

1986 ◽  
pp. 51-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Mulvany
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Calcium Metabolism ◽  
Possible Cause

Alterations of dietary calcium intake as a therapeutic modality in essential hypertension

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 803-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence M. Resnick
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Calcium Metabolism ◽  
Calcium Supplementation ◽  
Ionized Calcium ◽  
Therapeutic Modality ◽  
Dietary Calcium Intake ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolites ◽  
Dietary Salt ◽  
Hypertensive Disease

Alterations of calcium metabolism in hypertensive disease have been increasingly observed, although the specific manner in which these alterations contribute to the increased blood pressure remains unclear. We have studied calcium metabolism in essential hypertension and have adopted an approach based on analysis of renin system activity, which emphasizes the heterogeneity of human hypertensive disease. With this approach we have defined parallel deviations of plasma renin activity, circulating ionized calcium, and calcium-regulating hormones, which suggest a calcium deficiency in some hypertensives and, an excess of calcium in others. These deviations can be used to predict and may mediate the blood pressure sensitivity of hypertensives to dietary salt, and may also target those individuals most likely to benefit from oral calcium supplementation. Calcium itself has enhanced antihypertensive effects in low renin subjects, having lower ionized calcium and higher endogenous 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D values, and in subjects on higher dietary salt intakes. Calcium may alter pressure, at least in part, by suppressing endogenous vitamin D metabolites and by stimulating calcitonin secretion. We hypothesize that calcium-regulating hormones participate in the physiology of the renin–angiotensin system and in the pathophysiology of human hypertension.

Changes in calcium metabolic indices during long-term treatment of patients with essential hypertension

1988 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 543-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Hvarfner ◽  
Reinhold Bergström ◽  
Hans Lithell ◽  
Claes Mörlin ◽  
Leif Wide ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Calcium Metabolism ◽  
Elevated Blood Pressure ◽  
Ionized Calcium ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Metabolic Indices

1. Disturbances of calcium metabolism, mimicking mild, compensated secondary hyperparathyroidism, accompany essential hypertension, but it is not known whether these alterations are primary or only secondary to the elevated blood pressure. 2. Indices of systemic calcium metabolism were followed prospectively during 6 months' treatment with either propranolol, bendroflumethiazide or verapamil in 35 patients with essential hypertension. Multivariate statistical methods were employed to study the effects of blood pressure reduction upon the metabolic indices with adjustment for the effects of the different antihypertensive agents. 3. Propranolol treatment increased the plasma ionized calcium and serum phosphate concentrations, and reduced the serum levels of parathyroid hormone, free fatty acids and glycerol. Neither the total nor the total albumin-modified serum calcium concentration was significantly affected. Thus, presumably the decrease in free fatty acids reduced the calcium complex and the calcium binding to albumin, and consequently increased the plasma ionized calcium, thereby suppressing the secretion of parathyroid hormone. 4. Bendroflumethiazide caused a reduction of the fasting renal calcium excretion to half the pretreatment level, but produced no other significant changes in the various indices of calcium metabolism. 5. During verapamil treatment, the fasting renal excretion of calcium and magnesium increased, whereas the free fatty acids and glycerol concentrations in serum were reduced. These two changes presumably balanced each other, as the plasma ionized calcium and serum parathyroid hormone concentrations were not significantly altered. 6. There were no consistent relationships between the decrease in blood pressure and the changes in the metabolic indices, either in the total sample or within any subgroup. These findings indicate that disturbances of calcium metabolism in essential hypertension are primary to, and not induced by, the elevated blood pressure per se.

DAILY BLOOD PRESSURE PATTERN DISORDERS IN PATIENTS WITH STAGE II ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION AND FREQUENT PREMATURE BEATS

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (71) ◽  
pp. 072
Author(s):  
N. V. Kuzminova ◽  
A. V. Ivankova ◽  
V. P. Ivanov ◽  
S. E. Lozinsky ◽  
I. I. Knyazkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Pressure Pattern ◽  
Premature Beats

Application of the Measurement of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness for Prediction of the Essential Hypertension in Children

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 1550-1553
Author(s):  
Rosana Manea ◽  
Bianca Elena Popovici ◽  
Carmen Daniela Neculoiu ◽  
Dan Minea ◽  
Alina Calin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Media Thickness ◽  
Hypertension In Children

Hypertension is a major risk factor for progression of the atherosclerotic process and for developing of degenerative cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. The aim of this study is to evaluate how the measurement of carotid intima - media thickness for prediction of essential hypertension in children can be used.The study group included 81 children and the control group 61 children, all aged between 5 - 17 years and 11 months old, and admitted in Children Hospital Brasov in the period of 2009 � 2014. The study protocol included: BMI, blood pressure and Doppler echography of the common carotid artery for each group. Mean age of the patients from the study group was 13.67 years, 43.20 % girls and 56.80 % boys, while in the control group, the mean age was 14.07 years, 54.10% girls and 45.90 % boys. 70.37% of the children from the study group presented obesity, while in the control group 40.98% were obese. The IMTC study group ranged from 0.52 - 0.69 mm and the limits of the normotensive subjects were 0.32 -0.54 mm. In both groups the obese patients were found to have increased carotid artery intima-media, which means that IMTC was positively correlated with BMI (p=0.000001).It is necessary to identify diagnostic methods easily applicable for children, allowing involvement of the characteristics of the arterial wall in the degenerative pathological processes. Increased intima-media ratio is positively correlated with high values of blood pressure.

Blood pressure, electrolytes, and body size: their relationships in young relatives of men with essential hypertension

Hypertension ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Siervogel ◽  
M. A. Frey ◽  
P. Kezdi ◽  
A. F. Roche ◽  
E. L. Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Body Size
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