National Water Security: Planning and Implementation

2010 ◽  
pp. 165-180
Author(s):  
Chris Moseki ◽  
Toriso Tlou ◽  
Cornelius Ruiters
Keyword(s):  
Water Security ◽  
Security Planning ◽  
National Water

scholarly journals Seawater desalination as an option to alleviate water scarcity in South Africa: the need for a strategic approach to planning and environmental decision-making

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. O. Schreiner ◽  
R. C. van Ballegooyen ◽  
W. Osman
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Water Policy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Bulk Water ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Environmental Decision Making ◽  
Strategic Approach ◽  
Seawater Reverse Osmosis ◽  
National Water

In the last decade, seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) has come to be seen by policy-makers as a novel technology that will significantly advance water security in South African coastal regions. Water purveyors, from the private sector, local/district municipalities and provincial authorities, are undertaking studies to explore the feasibility of SWRO to meet growing demand and relieve mounting pressure on current bulk water supply infrastructure. With this in mind, it is suggested that national strategic planning should be introduced to present the opportunities and constraints of the desalination option within the national water and energy policy. In absence of this, piece-meal decisions will be made at local authority levels and the construction of SWRO plants will be determined by regional circumstances (e.g. drought) as opposed to national water policy agenda. This paper explores the value of such a strategy by considering the drivers of SWRO in South Africa, the risk of unplanned large-scale SWRO implementation (with a focus on environmental impacts) and the initial steps that could be taken toward a Strategic Environmental Assessment for SWRO in South Africa.

scholarly journals Deterrence: A Security Strategy against Non Traditional Security Threats to Pakistan

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-274
Author(s):  
Farzana Zaheer Syed ◽  
Saba Javed
Keyword(s):  
Water Security ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Security Strategy ◽  
Cyber Threats ◽  
Equal Importance ◽  
The World ◽  
State Actor ◽  
Security Planning ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
Fourth Wave

Deterrence as an approach aims to prevent a non-state actor who is planning to threat and harm a nation state externally and internally. The present study designed to find out that to what extent Deterrence as security strategy is effective against non-traditional threats in Pakistan?, and Whether the deterrence as security strategy remains effective against non-traditional threats of terrorism and cyber threats in Pakistan? The world has redefined and reorganized the security strategies after 9/11terroists attacks. The fourth wave in the deterrence theory has extended the deterrence security concept and added up the non-traditional threats as necessary part in security planning. Non-Traditional threats, terrorism, ambiguous warfare, cyber threats, water security, human security and energy crises etc now have equal importance with the border security. To protect the state from these actors, Pakistan is now reassessing and reorganized its security strategies. But these policies need more deliberate efforts to deal with such internal and external factors that are slowly and constantly weakening the state.Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 4, Issue-4: 267-274

Damming the Mekong tributaries: water security and the MRC 1995 Agreement

Water Policy ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1420-1435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mak Sithirith ◽  
Jaap Evers ◽  
Joyeeta Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Free Flow ◽  
Mekong River ◽  
Transboundary Rivers ◽  
Flow Volume ◽  
Mekong River Commission ◽  
National Water

Water security is a key governance challenge especially in relation to transboundary rivers. While the literature elaborates on the water security concept, there is very little on how to operationalize it in the transboundary context. Hence, this paper addresses the question: How can the governance of transboundary rivers be operationalized to deal with national water security concerns? It uses a literature review and a case study focusing on dams in the Mekong tributaries, namely the Sesan, part of the 3S Basin, in Vietnam and Cambodia. The paper describes the damming process in the 3S Basin and how it threatens water security for downstream states in terms of securing the flow, volume, quality, space, and the temporal variations of the rivers and the livelihoods of river dependent communities. It examines how the Mekong River Commission (MRC) members address these issues, balance their interests and secure the free flow of the Mekong River and its tributaries. It concludes that the MRC Agreement of 1995 is an inadequate mechanism to regulate the developments of hydrological infrastructure on the shared international tributaries, and that further operationalization of the concept of water security is necessary to enable the improvement of existing cooperative regulations and mechanisms.

scholarly journals Recharge to Blue Lake and Strategies for Water Security Planning, Mount Gambier, South Australia

2014 ◽  
Vol 06 (08) ◽  
pp. 772-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nara Somaratne ◽  
Jeff Lawson ◽  
Glyn Ashman ◽  
Kien Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
South Australia ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Blue Lake ◽  
Security Planning

scholarly journals Conceptual framework to ensure water security in Ukraine

2018 ◽  
Vol 376 ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
Yaroslav Gadzalo ◽  
Mykhailo Romashchenko ◽  
Mykhailo Yatsiuk
Keyword(s):  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Water Policy ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Integrated Water Management ◽  
Strategic Objective ◽  
Water Strategy ◽  
National Water

Abstract. As a result of global climate change against the background of natural water supply deterioration and river water content reductions, nowadays Ukraine is facing the problem of environmental degradation of river basins. In light of this, we suggest that achieving an acceptable level of water security in Ukraine should be defined as the strategic objective of national water policy. The state of national water security should be evaluated by its progress in certain sectors. The basic principles of the new water policy of Ukraine are supposed to be represented in Water Strategy of Ukraine. Integrated water management by the basin principle should serve as the main tool for achieving the objectives of water security.

scholarly journals Water Security and Judicial and Administrative Confusion in South Africa: The Trustees of the Time Being of the Lucas Scheepers Trust, IT 633/96 and Others v MEC for the Department of Water Affairs, Gauteng and Others Case nr 40514/2013

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ed Couzens ◽  
Devarasi Maduramuthu ◽  
Adrian Bellengère
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Water Law ◽  
Environment Protection ◽  
High Court ◽  
The North ◽  
Relative Scarcity ◽  
National Water

One of the gravest constraints which South Africa faces in its efforts to promote development and to lift much of its population out of poverty is the relative scarcity of its water. Significant changes were made to South Africa’s water law in the 1990s, especially with the promulgation of the National Water Act 36 of 1998. In terms of this Act a Water Tribunal was created which ought to have enhanced water security and to have provided a settled forum to adjudicate disputes and to assist in developing the jurisprudence of water law. Instead the Tribunal appears to have created almost as much confusion as clarity before it was dissolved in much uncertainty over whether it would continue in existence or not. A recent judgment in the Gauteng High Court (The Trustees of the Time Being of the Lucas Scheepers Trust, IT 633/96 and Others v MEC for the Department of Water Affairs, Gauteng and Others) has created uncertainty by departing from the precedent of a relatively recent judgment in the North Gauteng High Court (Escarpment Environment Protection Group and Wonderfontein Community Association v Department of Water Affairs and Xstrata Alloys (Pty) Ltd and The Water Tribunal). In the context of the uncertainty created by the falling into desuetude, at least between 2011 and 2016, of the Water Tribunal, and contradictory indications from National Government, litigants have been forced to seek other fora for remedies. On occasion, courts have been sympathetic and given sensitive judgments – on occasion they have not. Against this background of inconsistent jurisprudence, it is important that there be greater clarity of rights, duties and institutions, and that institutions become settled as soon as possible so that a consistent jurisprudence can begin to emerge in the water rights field. While the situation stabilizes, which it is hoped that it will soon begin to do, it is suggested that both courts and government act with circumspection in considering applications concerning water use rights; and be sensitive of the current uncertain circumstances when making decisions. The difficulties of ensuring water security and administrative fairness in South Africa demand nothing less.

scholarly journals Conserving Rivers and Their Biodiversity in Tanzania

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia A. Seeteram ◽  
Pendo T. Hyera ◽  
Lulu T. Kaaya ◽  
Makarius C. S. Lalika ◽  
Elizabeth P. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Water Policy ◽  
Human Population ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Environmental Flow ◽  
United Republic ◽  
United Republic Of Tanzania ◽  
River Conservation ◽  
National Water

The United Republic of Tanzania (Tanzania) is rich in freshwater resources and biodiversity. In this article, we highlight the importance of Tanzanian rivers and make a case for the conservation of the freshwater and terrestrial species that rely on these rivers. We provide an overview of current knowledge on Tanzanian rivers and discuss progress towards implementation of the National Water Policy (2002) and Water Management Act (2009), two legislative instruments that have motivated environmental flow assessments on at least six major rivers and offer legal backing for river conservation. We examine major challenges that pose significant threats to water security for river ecosystems and humans in Tanzania, among those: (1) human population growth, (2) agricultural expansion, (3) river flow alterations, (4) industrialization, (5) introduced species, and (6) climate change. We conclude by offering recommendations for future river conservation efforts in Tanzania.

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