ANALISIS PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT SEMPADAN SUNGAI TAPIN DI KABUPATEN TAPIN TERHADAP KELESTARIAN LINGKUNGA

The degradation of culture and people's lives leads to the degradation of rivers and water. An alarming condition regarding the declining quality of the river's ecology, which has occurred in many places. A lot of garbage is found in the river, the width of the river is getting shorter because on the river border many people's houses are built on the river, sand mining activities in the river erode the depth of the river so that it has an impact on the quality of river water, fish farming activities and so on. That phenomenon lead to decreasing quality of rivers. The purpose of writing this research is to analyze community participation in the river border towards the environmental sustainability of the Tapin river in Tapin Regency, South Kalimantan. This study used a mixed research method that combines quantitative and qualitative approaches with data collection techniques through interviews with informants, direct observations in the field and distributing questionnaires to respondents. The results showed that the value of community participation on participation in the Tapin River conservation effort was 70.825%, which means that it was included in the participation level of 62.50% - 81.24% declared "participating". However, if viewed from the results of the interviews contained in the questionnaire, it was stated that only 30% participated while 70% of the community admitted that they had never participated in efforts to maintain and preserve the Tapin River.

Development of Urban Eco-Sustainable Index for Upscaling Water Security at Catchment Level in Langat River, Malaysia

The Urban Eco-Sustainable Index for Upscaling Water Security at Catchment Level in Langat River, Malaysia has developed by using the Modified Watershed Sustainability Index or MicroWSI (MWSI), which was based on the Participation, Design and Management Components. The study has successfully applied spatial and social dimensions on ecohydrology of the selected Langat River reach for stormwater management, natural ecosystems health and quality of life. The planning and public participation aspects of the study have evaluated the surrounding neighborhood area of Langat. The conceptual design of rehabilitation works implementation related to Urban Stormwater Management Manual for Malaysia (MSMA) Stormwater Management Ecohydrology (SME) within the study area has been developed with four components of MSMA-SME to be implemented in the study area i.e Bioretention System, Porous Pavement System, Constructed Wetland and Slope Protection Works. These components were proposed to be applied in the development of Langat Riverfront Community Park (LRCP) which has taken into account the components of Design, Management and Participation of Community and Stakeholders in Langat River Basin, Malaysia. This study analyzed the MWSI for the Upscaling of MSMA Ecohydrology at Catchment Level of Langat River and has found the medium level of sustainability for the level of participation, proposed design, and management. Thus, there is a need to increase the level of readiness in the community and stakeholder participation in the Langat River towards sustainability of river conservation and rehabilitation programmes in this basin.

PARADIGMA FIKIH SUNGAI: TELAAH KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH DAN PEMAHAMAAN MASYARAKAT TERHADAP KONSERVASI SUNGAI DI KOTA BANJARMASIN

Kota Banjarmasin merupakan kota yang memiliki begitu banyak aliran sungai dan dihuni mayoritas oleh kaum muslim, yang seyogyanya mengerti akan pentingnya manfaat sungai karena Islam mengajarkan hal tersebut. Namun kenyataannya masih banyak masyarakat yang membuang sampah ke aliran sungai bahkan membangun pemukiman di bantaran sungai. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas implementasi kebijakan pemerintah terhadap konservasi sungai di Kota Banjarmasin dan mengetahui respon masyarakat muslim Banjarmasin terhadap kebijakan pemerintah terkait konservasi sungai di Kota Banjarmasin, serta mengetahui sejauh mana kultur pemahaman keagamaan dan persepsi masyarakat muslim di Kota Banjarmasin yang dapat mendukung terhadap upaya pemanfaatan dan konservasi sungai. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan, dengan masyarakat kota Banjarmasin dan dinas-dinas terkait sebagai subyek penelitian. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara, observasi dan studi dokumentasi. Teknik analisis penelitian secara deskriptif dan menggunakan modal teoritik yang dimiliki oleh peneliti. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bawah Kebijakan konservasi sungai telah diatur dalam berbagai regulasi oleh Pemerintah Kota Banjarmasin, bahkan menjadi isu strategis dalam perencanaan tata ruang wilayah Kota Banjarmasin 2013-2032. Kebijakan tersebut mendapat respon positif dari masyarakat Kota Banjarmasin, namun partisipasi dan keterlibatan mereka terhadap konsevasi sungai masih rendah. Selain itu, pemahaman keagamaan masyarakat muslim di Kota Banjarmasin dalam pemanfaatan dan konservasi sungai juga masih rendah karena belum didukung oleh pengetahuan mereka terhadap konsep fikih dan aturan-aturan terkait pemanfaatan air dan pelestarian sumber air dan konservasi lingkungan. Banjarmasin city is a city that has so many rivers and is inhabited by the majority of Muslims, who should understand about the importance of the rivers’ benefits because Islam teaches it. However, in reality there are still many people who throw garbage into the river, even build settlements along the river. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the implementation of government policies on river conservation in Banjarmasin City and to know the response of the Banjarmasin Muslim community to government policies related to river conservation in Banjarmasin City, and to know the extent to which the culture of religious comprehension and perceptions of the Muslim community in Banjarmasin City can support the river utilization and conservation efforts. This research is a field research, with the people of Banjarmasin city and related agencies as research subjects. The techniques of data collection used were interviews, observation and documentation study. The research analysis technique is descriptive and uses theoretical capital owned by the researcher. Based on the research results, it is known that the river conservation policy has been regulated in various regulations by Government of the Banjarmasin City, and has even become a strategic issue in the spatial planning of Banjarmasin City 2013-2032. This policy received a positive response from the people of Banjarmasin City, but their participation and involvement in the river conservation was still low. In addition, the religious understanding of the Muslim community in Banjarmasin City in the use and conservation of rivers is also still low because their knowledge is not supported by their knowledge of the fiqh concept and rules related to water use and preservation of water sources and environmental conservation.

Flood Risk and River Conservation: Mapping Citizen Perception to Support Sustainable River Management

Involving citizens in river and flood risk management is critical for risk reduction and sustainable development within river basins, but local community input is often limited. This is partly due to the difficulty of quantifying the perceived values and risks related to the rivers, because these are based on personal knowledge and opinions. There is a need for more data on locals’ opinions and how they are spatially distributed across the river basin. Studies analyzing how perceived risks match evidence-based data can be a first step to including local knowledge in the decision-making process and pose the basis to enhance preparedness. Here, we present a blueprint questionnaire to characterize the perception of flood risk and its spatial distribution across the river basin. Respondents are asked their perception of the role of the river in terms of flood risk and management, as well as to pinpoint on a map the areas they identify as the most dangerous during floods. The approach is tested on the Tagliamento River in the Italian Alps, characterized by debates regarding flood protection, flood management and ecological conservation. The flood risk perception map shows good agreement between perceived risk and existing flood risk assessment maps in the lower basin, where major floods happened in recent memory (1966). In the upper basin, despite having suffered frequent floods, participants are more uncertain about the risks. There is interest in being involved in the risk management debate, and most respondents believe that risk reduction and river conservation are compatible. Land use planning is identified as a factor that can increase flood risk. The results point to the necessity to tackle together conservation, risk management and land use planning in order to develop risk-oriented river management strategies. Our study demonstrates how online participatory mapping can be used to improve the understanding of citizens’ perceptions and expectations with regards to their river, and support participation in sustainable river management.

The Role of Housewife to Improve the Sustainability of the Cipatani River (Study in Nangewer Village, Pagerageung District, Tasikmalaya Regency)

The existence of rivers is very important in the life of the ecosystem on earth, where in the hydrological conditions the river is one of the important places for the flow of water on earth which will be discharged into the sea. However, the current condition of the river is very worrying, because the river is used as a place for waste disposal, both industrial and household waste. In Nangewer Village, Pagerageung District, Tasikmalaya Regency, a group of housewives who are members of the Srikandi Sungai Indonesia group took the initiative to improve the sustainability of the river. The group of housewives plays a role in river conservation efforts such as cleaning the river, arranging rivers, and maintaining the for the better quality of river water. The aims of this research are to carry out the role and efforts of housewives in preserving the Cipatani river. Based on the results, there are a group of housewives, they made efforts in the form of river conservation, including periodic cleaning of the river, planting plants / trees along the river to reduce soil erosion and sedimentation, organize, and tidy up the river so that it becomes more beautiful.

The Development of River School as a Community Empowerment Facility at Tegaltirto, Berbah, Sleman Regency

A river as one of the providers and buffers of life must always be preserved. The sustainability of the river ecosystem is necessary so that water availability can be maintained over time both in quantity and quality. Attention to community behavior is the main target to guarantee the conservation of river water. River pollutants are increasing in quantity due to both domestic and production activities. Community empowerment aspect should always be improved especially in taking care of maintenance and utilization sustainability of the river for human life in particular and ecosystem in general. Tegaltirto Village which is crossed by the Opak River is very important to be preserved especially in proper river management. Community service in the form of institutional development of river school is needed. The scheme is appropriate to educate, assist, and initiate a proper and sustainable community empowerment forum.The research methods in the empowerment of a river school institution are focused on the participatory empowerment aspect. Data collection was done through interviews, documentation, and focus group discussions. The knowledge and skills of the river school institution are transferred through training and an intensive facilitation program. The preparation of the follow-up plan was done through assistance by UGM Team. This was to realize the organizational structure that was responsible for the management and utilization of river resources. The implementation of a river school institution in Tegaltirto Village cannot be separated from the community participation and the observer of river conservation in the spirit of building the village. Conservation and sustainability of water and river utilization become the implementation motivation for the river school activity in Tegaltirto village.

Optimasi Pola Tata Tanam untuk Peningkatan Luas Layanan pada Daerah Irigasi Saddang

Daerah Irigasi (DI) Saddang berada di Kabupaten Pinrang Propinsi Sulawesi Selatan dengan luas areal 61.198 Ha, yang mendapatkan air dari Bendung Benteng memiliki debit rata-rata 319 m3/dt dan debit Andalan yang berfluktuasi antara 39,8 – 328,1 m3/dt. DI Sadang memiliki Pola Tata Tanam (PTT) eksisting Padi-Padi Palawija dengan awal tanam yang berbeda-beda pada setiap primer/sekundernya. Hasil perhitungan neraca air dengan PTT eksisting tanpa memperhitungkan debit pemeliharaan didapatkan areal yang terairi seluas 48.958 Ha di MT1 61.198 Ha di MT2 dan 61.198 ha di MT3 atau areal terairi 61.198 Ha dengan intensitas tanam 280%. Guna mengoptimalkan air yang ada maka dibuat PTT rencana, dengan mengeser awal musim tanam pada berbagai variasi. Dari hasil perhitungan dengan PTT rencana Padi-Padi-Palawija didapat bahwa air yang ada masih cukup untuk mengairi areal seluas 61.198 dengan intensitas tanam 300%. Kelebihan air yang ada, jika di manfaatkan untuk penambahan areal, didapat tambahan areal yang bisa terairi seluas 47.016 Ha dengan intensitas tanam 300%. Jadi secara perhitungan total, didapat areal terairi seluas 108.214 Ha dengan intensitas tanam 300%. Perhitungan ini juga tanpa mempertimbangkan debit pemeliharaan. Sesuai dengan peraturan yang ada, debit pemeliharaan tetap harus dialokasikan untuk kelestarian sungai. Perhitungan debit pemeliharaan dengan menggunakan metode Tennant, didapatkan debit pemeliharaan Bendung benteng adalah 31,9 m3/dt. Dari hasil analisa neraca air dengan memperhitungkan debit pemeliharaan didapatkan areal yang terairi dengan pola tanam Padi-Padi-Palawija adalah seluas 61.198 Ha di MT1 61.198 Ha di MT2 dan 16.523 ha di MT3 atau areal terairi 61.198 Ha dengan intensitas tanam 227 %. Terjadi penurunan intensitas tanam sebesar 53 % di banding pola tata eksisting.ABSTRACTThe Saddang Irrigation Area is located in Pinrang Regency, South Sulawesi Province with an area of 61,198 ha, which gets water from the Benteng Barrage, which has an average discharge of 319 m3/s and a fluctuating dependable flow between 39.8 - 328.1 m3/s Saddang Irrigation Area has an existing crop pattern of Paddy Paddy Palawija with different planting starts for each primary/secondary. The results of the calculation of the water balance with the existing cropping pattern without considering maintenance flow as an obligation that must be fulfilled, have a result it can irrigate 48.958 ha in Planting Season 1, 61.198 ha in planting season 2, and 61.198 ha in planting season 3, or irrigated 61.198 ha with 280% crop intensity. To optimize the available water, a planned crop pattern was created, by shifting the beginning of the planting season to various variations. From the results of calculations with the cropping pattern of the Paddy-Paddy-Palawija, it was found that the available water was still sufficient to irrigate an area of 61.198 ha with 300% crop intensity. If the excess water is used for additional areas, an additional area that can be irrigated is 47.016 ha with 300% crop intensity. So in the total calculation, the irrigated area is 108,214 ha with 300% crop intensity. This calculation is also without considering maintenance flow as an obligation that must be fulfilled. Under existing regulations, the maintenance flow must be allocated for river conservation. Calculation of the maintenance flow using the Tennant method, it is found that the maintenance discharge of the Benteng Barrage is 31.9 m3/s. From the results of the water balance analysis with maintenance flow as an obligation that must be fulfilled, from the calculation results obtained that the irrigated area with the Paddy-Paddy-Palawija cropping pattern, was 61.198 ha in planting season 1, 61.198 ha in planting season 2, and 16.523 ha in planting season 3, or 61.198 ha with 227% crop intensity. There was a 53 % decrease compared to the existing crop intensity.

Global Analysis of Durable Policies for Free-Flowing River Protections

Freshwater ecosystems are poorly represented in global networks of protected areas. This situation underscores an urgent need for the creation, application, and expansion of durable (long-term and enforceable) protection mechanisms for free-flowing rivers that go beyond conventional protected area planning. To address this need, we must first understand where and what types of protections exist that explicitly maintain the free-flowing integrity of rivers, as well as the efficacy of such policy types. Through policy analysis and an in-depth literature review, our study identifies three main policy mechanisms used for such protections: (1) River Conservation Systems; (2) Executive Decrees and Laws; and (3) Rights of Rivers. We found that globally only eight counties have national river conservation systems while seven countries have used executive decrees and similar policies to halt dam construction, and Rights of Rivers movements are quickly growing in importance, relative to other protection types. Despite the current extent of protection policies being insufficient to tackle the freshwater and biodiversity crises facing the world’s rivers, they do provide useful frameworks to guide the creation and expansion of protections. Ultimately, as countries act on global calls for protections, policy mechanisms must be tailored to their individual social and ecological geographies.