Desalination Technologies as a Response to Water Strategy Problems (Case Study in Egypt)

2011 ◽  
pp. 339-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdy AbouRayan
Keyword(s):  
Water Strategy ◽  
Response To Water

Measures to Relieve the Stress of Water

2013 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 636-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Kai Duan ◽  
Guo Shi Shen ◽  
Zhen Dong Shan ◽  
Yan Dong ◽  
Kai Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Three Solutions ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Water Strategy ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Significant Regional Difference

In order to develop realistic water resources strategy, we initially analyze the situation of water resources in the United States which present a significant regional difference. Then on the basis of previous studies, we propose the cost formulas of water storage, movement and desalinization. By analyzing the practical application, along with pros and cons of the above three solutions accordingly, we consider that a comprehensive utilization of these measures will be the best water strategy for America to solve the water shortage problem. Later we apply the conclusion to a case study of Southern California, we propose an optimization model which aims to minimize the total cost of the water strategy, and then use Lingo to solve the problem. Results show that 5.946 billion cubic meters of water by transferring is the best way to make up for the water use gap in 2025 and the total cost is 2.94 billion dollars. Finally, we summarize the strengths and weaknesses of our paper. What needs to be emphasized is that our model can also be adapted into the analysis of other states, which shows great flexibility.

scholarly journals Mainstreaming climate change into water policies: a case study from Burkina Faso

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiacre Basson ◽  
Yacouba Yira ◽  
Djibril Sidzabda Dayamba ◽  
Jean Marie Dipama ◽  
François Zougmore
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Water Strategy ◽  
Development Objectives

Abstract Climate change (CC) in Burkina Faso is projected to materialize by, among other things, an increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events. Not properly addressing the impacts of these projected CCs on water resources will yield enormous economic and social cost and compromise the country's development objectives. However, Burkina Faso's National Water Strategy (NWS) had not sufficiently addressed CC impacts, and recently development partners have started an initiative to help fill these gaps. The current study aims at documenting lessons learnt from this multi-partner process of integrating CC adaptation (CCA) into the NWS. The integration process was done using the climate proofing tool, an approach based on evidence of the vulnerability of water resources to CC. It consisted of (i) an initial assessment of the integration of CCA into the NWS and (ii) a formulation of a set of actions to reduce the vulnerability of water resources to CC. Lessons drawn from the CCA integration process are also presented.

Design for Autonomy

2020 ◽  
pp. 388-403
Author(s):  
Carey Clouse
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Design Thinking ◽  
Adaptive Design ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
North India ◽  
Cultural Consciousness ◽  
Adaptive Planning ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Response To Water

This chapter describes one series of climate-adaptive design innovations found in Ladakh, north India. Five different water management techniques chart the region's unique and highly specialized response to water scarcity, and in so doing highlight important lessons for climate-adaptive planning elsewhere. In this case study, the dispersed, community-based water management strategies practiced in Ladakh suggest a level of design thinking that supports environmental stewardship, economic autonomy, cultural consciousness and social cohesion.

Design for Autonomy

2016 ◽  
pp. 250-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carey Clouse
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Design Thinking ◽  
Adaptive Design ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
North India ◽  
Cultural Consciousness ◽  
Adaptive Planning ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Response To Water

This chapter describes one series of climate-adaptive design innovations found in Ladakh, north India. Five different water management techniques chart the region's unique and highly specialized response to water scarcity, and in so doing highlight important lessons for climate-adaptive planning elsewhere. In this case study, the dispersed, community-based water management strategies practiced in Ladakh suggest a level of design thinking that supports environmental stewardship, economic autonomy, cultural consciousness and social cohesion.

The Genesis and Internal Dynamics of El Salvador's People's Revolutionary Army, 1970–1976

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
pp. 102-129
Author(s):  
ALBERTO MARTÍN ÁLVAREZ ◽  
EUDALD CORTINA ORERO
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Internal Dynamics ◽  
Internal Coherence ◽  
The 1960S

AbstractUsing interviews with former militants and previously unpublished documents, this article traces the genesis and internal dynamics of the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (People's Revolutionary Army, ERP) in El Salvador during the early years of its existence (1970–6). This period was marked by the inability of the ERP to maintain internal coherence or any consensus on revolutionary strategy, which led to a series of splits and internal fights over control of the organisation. The evidence marshalled in this case study sheds new light on the origins of the armed Salvadorean Left and thus contributes to a wider understanding of the processes of formation and internal dynamics of armed left-wing groups that emerged from the 1960s onwards in Latin America.

Culture and the plasticity of perception

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lifshitz ◽  
T. M. Luhrmann
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Sensory Experience ◽  
Cultural Learning ◽  
The World

Abstract Culture shapes our basic sensory experience of the world. This is particularly striking in the study of religion and psychosis, where we and others have shown that cultural context determines both the structure and content of hallucination-like events. The cultural shaping of hallucinations may provide a rich case-study for linking cultural learning with emerging prediction-based models of perception.

Dual systems for all: Higher-order, role-based relational reasoning as a uniquely derived feature of human cognition

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Povinelli ◽  
Gabrielle C. Glorioso ◽  
Shannon L. Kuznar ◽  
Mateja Pavlic
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Reasoning ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Important Case ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Relational Reasoning ◽  
Dual Systems ◽  
First Order ◽  
Reasoning System ◽  
Role Based

Abstract Hoerl and McCormack demonstrate that although animals possess a sophisticated temporal updating system, there is no evidence that they also possess a temporal reasoning system. This important case study is directly related to the broader claim that although animals are manifestly capable of first-order (perceptually-based) relational reasoning, they lack the capacity for higher-order, role-based relational reasoning. We argue this distinction applies to all domains of cognition.

Sociocultural memory development research drives new directions in gadgetry science

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penny Van Bergen ◽  
John Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Memory Development ◽  
Development Research ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Cross Cultural Research

Abstract Sociocultural developmental psychology can drive new directions in gadgetry science. We use autobiographical memory, a compound capacity incorporating episodic memory, as a case study. Autobiographical memory emerges late in development, supported by interactions with parents. Intervention research highlights the causal influence of these interactions, whereas cross-cultural research demonstrates culturally determined diversity. Different patterns of inheritance are discussed.

Construction of plastic contact deformation maps on ceramics: a case study on aluminum nitride

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 636-637
Author(s):  
D. L. Callahan
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Aluminum Nitride ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Bright Field Image ◽  
Perfectly Plastic ◽  
Contrast Analysis ◽  
Deformation Patterns

Modern polishing, precision machining and microindentation techniques allow the processing and mechanical characterization of ceramics at nanometric scales and within entirely plastic deformation regimes. The mechanical response of most ceramics to such highly constrained contact is not predictable from macroscopic properties and the microstructural deformation patterns have proven difficult to characterize by the application of any individual technique. In this study, TEM techniques of contrast analysis and CBED are combined with stereographic analysis to construct a three-dimensional microstructure deformation map of the surface of a perfectly plastic microindentation on macroscopically brittle aluminum nitride.The bright field image in Figure 1 shows a lg Vickers microindentation contained within a single AlN grain far from any boundaries. High densities of dislocations are evident, particularly near facet edges but are not individually resolvable. The prominent bend contours also indicate the severity of plastic deformation. Figure 2 is a selected area diffraction pattern covering the entire indentation area.

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