Research and Development Talents Training in China Universities—Based on the Consideration of Education Management Cost Planning

Research and development (R&D) talents training are asymmetric in China universities and can be of great significance for economic and social sustainable development. For the purpose of making an in-depth analysis in the education management costs for R&D talents training, the belief rule-based (BRB) expert system with data increment and parameter learning is developed to achieve education management cost prediction for the first time. In empirical analysis, based on the BRB expert system, the past investments and future planning of education management costs are analyzed using real education management data from 2001 to 2019 in 31 Chinese provinces. Results show that: (1) the existing education management cost investments have a significant regional difference; (2) the BRB expert system has excellent accuracy over some existing cost-prediction models; and (3) without changing the current education management policy and education cost input scheme, the regional differences in China’s education management cost input always exist. In addition to the results, the present study is helpful for providing model supports and policy references for decision makers in making well-grounded plans of R&D talents training at universities

Health and Diet among People Living in an Isolated Area: Case Study of Pingelap Island in Pohnpei State, the Federated States of Micronesia

Pingelap Island in Pohnpei state is geographically isolated as the nearest island is 70 km away, and such geographical isolation is a challenge for public health due to the limited access to health services. This study aims to reveal the health situation on the island and investigate the influence of geographical isolation on health and diet. For that purpose, the result was compared with those who are living in a community on the main island of Pohnpei state (Mand) with the same ethnic background. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to collect data on demographics, diet, and behavior. Anthropometry and blood pressure measurements were also taken. A total of 98 (Pingelap = 50; Mand = 48) subjects participated in the study. The result showed that females, in particular, had a high prevalence of obesity (80.0% in Pingelap; 75.9% in Mand). However, no significant regional difference was found in both BMI and blood pressure, regardless of gender. Regarding diet, although the geographical location impacted food availability, the consumption of major imported foods did not show a significant regional difference. In conclusion, the geographical isolation did not significantly influence health and diet, but the majority of the study population displayed a high-risk burden of non-communicable diseases.

Disparity in the Hospitals Utilization among Regions in Indonesia

Background. The utilization of hospital services is a benchmark for the success of a health care referral system. Indonesia as the largest archipelago in the world encounters challenging conditions along with lack of infrastructure posed economic and health disparity among its regions. Disparities as a result of this development also have an impact on the accessibility of health care facilities.Methods. Chi Square test was used to test dichotomy variables and t-tests were performed for analyzing the difference among continuous variables. These tests were employed to assess the hypothesis that there was significant regional difference in the access of health care in Indonesia. Estimation using multinomial logistic regression test was used to study the disparity between regions in hospital utilization.Results. The results of this study indicate that there were disparities between regions in Indonesia. In the inpatient category all regions have better utilization than the Papua region, except the Sumatra region. The highest disparity occurs between the Nusa Tenggara region and the Papua region. Possibility of utilizing hospital vs. inpatient facilities not using the hospital 1,439 times in adults in the Nusa Tenggara region compared to the Papua region (OR = 1,439; 95% CI = 1,271 - 1,629). In the category of outpatient utilization as well as hospitalization in hospitals, the Papua region has better hospital utilization compared to other regions. The greatest disparity with the Sumatra region (OR = 0.484; 95% CI = 0.392 - 0.597).Conclusion. In conclusion, there were disparities between regions in Indonesia even though the odds ratio for mortality between regions decreased compared to the previous period.Ethical Clearance. The 2013 RISKESDAS survey had ethical clearance that was approved by the national ethical committee in the NIHRD (ethic number: 01.1206.207). Informed consent was used during data collection, which considered aspects of data collection procedure, voluntary, and confidentiality.

Ground Features of Sea Land Breezes in Hainan Island

In this study, based on the observed surface wind in 8 meteorological stations at coastal locations of Hainan Island, the frequency of sea-land breeze (SLB) is studied to depict the characteristics and spatial-temporal variation of the SLB. The statistics indicate that, because of the large variation in coastal terrain and orientation of the island, the number of SLB days and the duration of the SLB at different stations has significant regional difference and seasonal variations.

Study on Tourism Climate Comfort Level in East China Based on GIS

This paper calculated THI and K with GIS technology, and analyzed the tourism climate comfort level of East China based on the monthly average meteorological data of 30 years from 132 whether stations in East China. Results show that THI of East China decrease gradually from south to north, from low altitude to high altitude. The annual period of comfortable climate is longer when analyzed in terms of K rather than THI. The tourism climate comfortable period of East China shows significant regional difference, the maximum value distributed around Fujian province, and the minimum value distributed around Tai Mount in Shandong province. The predominant length of climate comfortable period in China is 5 months per year, while areas that have climate comfortable period for 10 months are most limited.

Measures to Relieve the Stress of Water

In order to develop realistic water resources strategy, we initially analyze the situation of water resources in the United States which present a significant regional difference. Then on the basis of previous studies, we propose the cost formulas of water storage, movement and desalinization. By analyzing the practical application, along with pros and cons of the above three solutions accordingly, we consider that a comprehensive utilization of these measures will be the best water strategy for America to solve the water shortage problem. Later we apply the conclusion to a case study of Southern California, we propose an optimization model which aims to minimize the total cost of the water strategy, and then use Lingo to solve the problem. Results show that 5.946 billion cubic meters of water by transferring is the best way to make up for the water use gap in 2025 and the total cost is 2.94 billion dollars. Finally, we summarize the strengths and weaknesses of our paper. What needs to be emphasized is that our model can also be adapted into the analysis of other states, which shows great flexibility.

Application of Fuzzy Cluster to Geotechnical Stratums Division

In the traditional classification of the soil stratums, geological engineers mostly classify the soil stratums according to their experience. However, it is very probable that these classification results are subjective, random and uncertain. There is a significant regional difference, so different people may have different results for the same soil stratums classification. Therefore, the concept of fuzzy cluster is introduced in this paper, which makes the physics-mechanical indexes of the soil as the basic parameters, and the soil stratums are classified through mathematical analysis. In order to ensure that classification results are reasonable and effective, the cluster validity index is applied to test results. Through engineering examples analysis, the present classification method is practicable in geotechnical stratums division.

Regional differences in intramyocellular lipids in humans observed by in vivo 1H-MR spectroscopic imaging

Regional differences in the content of intramyocellular lipids (IMCL), extramyocellular lipids, and total creatine (TCr) were quantified in soleus (S), tibialis posterior (TP), and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles in humans using in vivo 1H proton spectroscopic imaging at 4 T. Improved spatial resolution (0.25-ml nominal voxel resolution) made it feasible to measure IMCL in S, TP, and TA simultaneously in vivo. The most significant regional difference was found in the content of IMCL compared with extramyocellular lipids or TCr. The concentrations of TCr were found to be 29–32 mmol/kg, with little regional variation. IMCL content was measured to be 4.8 ± 1.6 mmol/kg tissue wt in S, 2.8 ± 1.3 mmol/kg tissue wt in TP, and 1.6 ± 0.9 mmol/kg tissue wt in TA in the order of S > TP > TA ( P < 0.05). It is likely that these IMCL values are consistent with the known fiber types of these muscles, with S having the greatest fraction of type I (slow-twitch, oxidative) fibers and TA having a large fraction of type IIb (fast-twitch, glycolytic) fibers.