Stomatal deregulation inPlasmopara viticola-infected grapevine leaves

The transmission mode of grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV, genus Grablovirus, family Geminiviridae) by Spissistilus festinus, the three-cornered alfalfa hopper, is unknown. By analogy with other members in the family Geminiviridae, we hypothesized circulative, nonpropagative transmission. Time course experiments revealed GRBV in dissected guts, hemolymph and heads with salivary glands following a 5-, 8- and 10-day exposure to infected grapevines, respectively. After a 15-day acquisition on infected grapevines and subsequent transfer on alfalfa, a non-host of GRBV, the virus titer decreased over time in adult insects, as shown by qPCR. Snap bean proved to be a feeding host of S. festinus and a pseudo-systemic host of GRBV following Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated delivery of an infectious clone. The virus was efficiently transmitted by S. festinus from infected snap bean plants to excised snap bean trifoliates (90%) or grapevine leaves (100%) but less efficiently from infected grapevine plants to excised grapevine leaves (10%) or snap bean trifoliates (67%). Transmission of GRBV also occurred transstadially but not via seeds. The virus titer was significantly higher in guts and hemolymph relative to heads with salivary glands, and in adults emanating from third compared with first instars that emerged on infected grapevine plants and developed on snap bean trifoliates. This study demonstrated circulative, nonpropagative transmission of GRBV by S. festinus with an extended acquisition access period compared with other viruses in the family Geminiviridae and marked differences in transmission efficiency between grapevine, the natural host, and snap bean, an alternative herbaceous host.

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Rapid analysis of stilbenes and derivatives from downy mildew-infected grapevine leaves by liquid chromatography–atmospheric pressure photoionisation mass spectrometry

Journal of Chromatography A ◽

10.1016/j.chroma.2006.01.060 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 1112 (1-2) ◽

pp. 263-268 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

J. Bernard Jean-Denis ◽

Roger Pezet ◽

Raffaele Tabacchi

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Liquid Chromatography ◽

Downy Mildew ◽

Atmospheric Pressure ◽

Rapid Analysis ◽

Grapevine Leaves ◽

Infected Grapevine

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Toward the Identification of Two Glycoproteins Involved in the Stomatal Deregulation of Downy Mildew–Infected Grapevine Leaves

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions ◽

10.1094/mpmi-05-15-0115-r ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 28 (11) ◽

pp. 1227-1236 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Christelle Guillier ◽

Magdalena Gamm ◽

Géraldine Lucchi ◽

Caroline Truntzer ◽

Delphine Pecqueur ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Downy Mildew ◽

Active Compound ◽

In Silico Analysis ◽

Plasmopara Viticola ◽

Stomatal Response ◽

Protein Fractionation ◽

Biochemical Assays ◽

Grapevine Leaves ◽

Infected Grapevine ◽

Silico Analysis

Stomata remain abnormally opened and unresponsive to abscisic acid in grapevine leaves infected by downy mildew. This deregulation occurs from 3 days postinoculation and increases concomitantly with leaf colonization by the pathogen. Using epidermal peels, we demonstrated that the active compound involved in this deregulation is located in the apoplast. Biochemical assays showed that the active compound present in the apoplastic fluids isolated from Plasmopara viticola–infected grapevine leaves (IAF) is a CysCys bridge-independent, thermostable and glycosylated protein. Fractionation guided assays based on chromatography coupled to stomatal response and proteomic analysis allowed the identification of both plant and pathogen proteins in the active fraction obtained from IAF. Further in silico analysis and discriminant filtrations based on the comparison between predictions and experimental indications lead to the identification of two Vitis vinifera proteins as candidates for the observed stomatal deregulation.

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Changes in Carbohydrate Metabolism in Plasmopara viticola-Infected Grapevine Leaves

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions ◽

10.1094/mpmi-02-11-0040 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 24 (9) ◽

pp. 1061-1073 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Magdalena Gamm ◽

Marie-Claire Héloir ◽

Richard Bligny ◽

Nathalie Vaillant-Gaveau ◽

Sophie Trouvelot ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽

Leaf Tissue ◽

Plasmopara Viticola ◽

Invertase Activity ◽

Starch Accumulation ◽

Starch Degradation ◽

Infected Leaf ◽

Starch Metabolism ◽

Grapevine Leaves ◽

Infected Grapevine

The oomycete Plasmopara viticola is responsible for downy mildew, a severe grapevine disease. In infected grapevine leaves, we have observed an abnormal starch accumulation at the end of the dark period, suggesting modifications in starch metabolism. Therefore, several complementary approaches, including transcriptomic analyses, measurements of enzyme activities, and sugar quantification, were performed in order to investigate and to understand the effects of P. viticola infection on leaf starch and—to a larger extent—carbohydrate metabolism. Our results indicate that starch accumulation is associated with an increase in ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) activity and modifications in the starch degradation pathway, especially an increased α-amylase activity. Together with these alterations in starch metabolism, we have observed an accumulation of hexoses, an increase in invertase activity, and a reduction of photosynthesis, indicating a source-to-sink transition in infected leaf tissue. Additionally, we have measured an accumulation of the disaccharide trehalose correlated to an increased trehalase gene expression and enzyme activity. Altogether, these results highlight a dramatic alteration of carbohydrate metabolism correlated with later stages of P. viticola development in leaves.

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An Assay to Study Botrytis cinerea-infected Grapevine Leaves Primed with Pseudomonas fluorescens

BIO-PROTOCOL ◽

10.21769/bioprotoc.1943 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (19) ◽

Author(s):

Charlotte Gruau ◽

Patricia Trotel-Aziz ◽

Bas Verhagen ◽

Sandra Villaume ◽

Fanja Rabenoelina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Grapevine Leaves ◽

Infected Grapevine

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Virus interference with trans-plasma membrane activity in infected grapevine leaves

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum ◽

10.1007/s11738-014-1695-5 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 36 (12) ◽

pp. 3345-3349 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Enrico Rinaldelli ◽

Andrea Luvisi ◽

Alessandra Panattoni

Keyword(s):

Plasma Membrane ◽

Membrane Activity ◽

Grapevine Leaves ◽

Infected Grapevine

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Resistance assessment of grapevine leaves to downy mildew with sporulation area scoring

European Journal of Plant Pathology ◽

10.1007/s10658-021-02247-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nuray Özer ◽

Halil İbrahim Uzun ◽

Burak Aktürk ◽

Cengiz Özer ◽

Murat Akkurt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Downy Mildew ◽

Grapevine Leaves ◽

Resistance Assessment

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Ethephon Activates the Transcription of Senescence-Associated Genes and Nitrogen Mobilization in Grapevine Leaves (Vitis vinifera cv. Riesling)

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10020333 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 333

Author(s):

Maximilian Hendgen ◽

Stefan Günther ◽

Sven Schubert ◽

Otmar Löhnertz

Keyword(s):

Vitis Vinifera ◽

Leaf Senescence ◽

Methodological Approach ◽

Leaf Transcriptome ◽

Berry Ripening ◽

Model Plant Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

N Remobilization ◽

Grapevine Leaves ◽

Nitrogen Mobilization ◽

Leaf N

Nitrogen (N) remobilization in the context of leaf senescence is of considerable importance for the viability of perennial plants. In late-ripening crops, such as Vitis vinifera, it may also affect berry ripening and fruit quality. Numerous studies on the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana have confirmed an involvement of the plant hormone ethylene in the regulation of senescence. However, ethylene research on grapevine was mostly focused on its involvement in berry ripening and stress tolerance until now. To investigate the effect of ethylene on the initiation, regulation, and progress of senescence-dependent N mobilization in grapevine leaves, we treated field-grown Vitis vinifera cv. Riesling vines with 25 mM ethephon at the end of berry ripening. Ethephon induced premature chlorophyll degradation and caused a shift of the leaf transcriptome equivalent to developmental leaf senescence. The upregulated metabolic processes covered the entire N remobilization process chain, altered the amino acid composition in the leaves, and resulted in an average 60% decrease in leaf N. Our findings increase the fundamental knowledge about the initiation and manipulation of leaf N remobilization in perennial woody plants by ethephon. This offers a methodological approach to the targeted induction of senescence and thus to an improvement in the N supply of grapes.

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