Oleochemical Raw Materials and New Oilseed Crops

1986 ◽  
pp. 86-92
Author(s):  
F. Hirsinger
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Oilseed Crops

scholarly journals A Review on Eco-Friendly Green Biolubricants from Renewable and Sustainable Plant Oil Sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 13303-13327
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Plant Oil ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Oilseed Crops ◽  
Metal Type ◽  
Environmentally Preferable

The seed oils of domesticated oilseed crops are major agricultural commodities used primarily for nutritional applications, but in recent years, there has been increasing use of these oils to produce biofuels and chemical feedstocks. This is being driven in part by the rapidly rising costs of petroleum, increased concern about the environmental impact of using fossil oil, and the need to develop renewable domestic sources of fuel and industrial raw materials. Biolubricants are gaining popularity and acceptance globally due to their sustainable, non-toxic, and environmentally friendly properties. Besides that, they are also derived from renewable plant-based oils. The chemical structure of the base oil of the biolubricant is the key determinant of its biodegradability. Many factors like humidity, pressure, metal type, air, and temperature change the chemical composition of base oils used in biolubricants. In other words, biodegradability hinges on how the chemical structure of the base oil changes during service. National and international labeling programs have been developed to minimize confusion in the marketplace, increase public awareness, and create thoughtfulness for environmentally preferable products. The labeling programs can aid in removing uncertainty in buying environmentally preferable products. This review highlights the recently published data and works of literature related to the development of green biolubricants, biolubricant advantages/disadvantages, chemical modification reactions, biolubricants worldwide eco-labeling, biodegradability, and toxicity testing methods.

3.1 World Supplies of grain for animal feed including principal protein sources

1981 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
W. H. Parr
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Animal Protein ◽  
Oilseed Crops ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
General Review ◽  
Animal Feeding

In discussing world supplies of grain for animal feeding, this has been interpreted in its broadest sense to include the seeds of oilseed crops, legumes (or pulses) and cereals. These, together with fish and animal protein meals, are the basic raw materials for the production of concentrated, or compound, feed which is conventionally associated with intensive livestock production. In his introductory remarks, the President warned against the dangers of generalization and this is particularly true when dealing with feed supplies, since the situation may vary considerably not only from one country to another but also from one region to another within a country. Nevertheless, it is not feasible to discuss detailed situations in a publication of this kind and the intention is to provide a general review of the overall situation.

Development and potential of genetically engineered oilseeds

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Dyer ◽  
Robert T. Mullen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Seed Oils ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Oilseed Crops ◽  
Oil Biosynthesis

Oilseed crops are major sources of oils for human nutrition, and an increasing proportion is also being utilized for industrial purposes. Recent advances in our understanding of the basic biochemistry of seed oil biosynthesis, coupled with identification of genes for oilseed modification, have set the stage for the genetic engineering of oilseed crops that produce ‘designer’ plant seed oils tailored for specific applications. In this review we provide an overview of seed oil biosynthesis and highlight the enzymatic steps that have already been targeted for genetic manipulation, with the end goal of producing seed oils containing desired amounts of fatty acid components. Furthermore, we describe the identification of genes from various wild plant species that are capable of producing structurally diverse fatty acids, and how these advances open the door to the production of entirely novel oils in conventional oilseed crops. Transgenic oilseeds producing high amounts of these novel fatty acids represent renewable sources of raw materials that may compete with, and eventually replace, some petrochemicals that are derived from non-renewable crude oil.

scholarly journals Microbial Degradation of Synthetic Biopolymers Waste

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Siracusa
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Renewable Raw Materials ◽  
Oilseed Crops ◽  
Petroleum Resources ◽  
Minimal Environmental Impact ◽  
Future Growth

Over the last ten years, the demand of biodegradable polymers has grown at an annual rate of 20–30%. However, the market share is about less than 0.1% of the total plastic production due to their lower performances, higher price and limited legislative attention in respect to the standard materials. The biodegradability as a functional added property is often not completely perceived from the final consumers. However, the opportunity to use renewable resources and to reduce the dependency from petroleum resources could become an incentive to accelerate their future growth. Renewable raw materials, coming from industrial wastes such as oilseed crops, starch from cereals and potatoes, cellulose from straw and wood, etc., can be converted into chemical intermediates and polymers, in order to substitute fossil fuel feedstock. The introduction of these new products could represent a significant contribution to sustainable development. However, the use of renewable resources and the production of the bioplastics are no longer a guarantee for a minimal environmental impact. The production process as well as their technical performances and their ultimate disposal has to be carefully considered. Bioplastics are generally biodegradable, but the diffusion of the composting technology is a prerequisite for their development. Efforts are required at industry level in order to develop less expensive and high performance products, with minimal environmental impact technologies.

Microstructural characterization of laser-melted/roller-quenched dicalcium silicate

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 582-583
Author(s):  
C. J. Chan ◽  
K. R. Venkatachari ◽  
W. M. Kriven ◽  
J. F. Young
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Particle Size Effect ◽  
Dicalcium Silicate ◽  
Laser Melting ◽  
Uniform Size ◽  
Cell Shape Change ◽  
Wide Range

Dicalcium silicate (Ca2SiO4) is a major component of Portland cement. It has also been investigated as a potential transformation toughener alternative to zirconia. It has five polymorphs: α, α'H, α'L, β and γ. Of interest is the β-to-γ transformation on cooling at about 490°C. This transformation, accompanied by a 12% volume increase and a 4.6° unit cell shape change, is analogous to the tetragonal-to-monoclinic transformation in zirconia. Due to the processing methods used, previous studies into the particle size effect were limited by a wide range of particle size distribution. In an attempt to obtain a more uniform size, a fast quench rate involving a laser-melting/roller-quenching technique was investigated.The laser-melting/roller-quenching experiment used precompacted bars of stoichiometric γ-Ca2SiO4 powder, which were synthesized from AR grade CaCO3 and SiO2xH2O. The raw materials were mixed by conventional ceramic processing techniques, and sintered at 1450°C. The dusted γ-Ca2SiO4 powder was uniaxially pressed into 0.4 cm x 0.4 cm x 4 cm bars under 34 MPa and cold isostatically pressed under 172 MPa. The γ-Ca2SiO4 bars were melted by a 10 KW-CO2 laser.

Crystallization of barium hexaferrite

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 362-363
Author(s):  
Chung-kook Lee ◽  
Yolande Berta ◽  
Robert F. Speyer
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Barium Hexaferrite ◽  
Recording Media ◽  
Magnetic Recording Media ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Crystallization Method ◽  
Temperature Heat ◽  
High Density Magnetic Recording ◽  
Temperature Heat Treatment

Barium hexaferrite (BaFe12O19) is a promising candidate for high density magnetic recording media due to its superior magnetic properties. For particulate recording media, nano-sized single crystalline powders with a narrow size distribution are a primary application requirement. The glass-crystallization method is preferred because of the controllability of crystallization kinetics, hence, particle size and size distribution. A disadvantage of this method is the need to melt raw materials at high temperatures with non-reactive crucibles, e.g. platinum. However, in this work, we have shown that crystal growth of barium hexaferrite occurred during low temperature heat treatment of raw batches.

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