Antiandrogens: Basic Concepts and Clinical Trials

1980 ◽  
pp. 93-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Neumann ◽  
B. Schenck
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Basic Concepts

The Public Psychiatrist as Researcher

2020 ◽  
pp. 169-192
Author(s):  
Gopalkumar Rakesh ◽  
Marvin Swartz
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Trial Design ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Clinical Trial Design ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The Public ◽  
Research Collaborations ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Basic Concepts

Most psychiatrists undergo 4 years of residency training after medical school before being eligible to practice independently. Apart from basic training in biostatistics and exposure to research methodology in a few training programs, most trainees spend their training primarily taking care of patients. As attending, most psychiatrists have little time for research. However, psychiatrists in the community offer an important resource for clinical trials. Collaborating with a pharmaceutical company or university hospitals requires an understanding of basic concepts in biostatistics and interpretation of study results. This chapter is intended to empower community psychiatrists in research collaborations. In addition to a statistics refresher, the chapter elucidates the history, terminology, and methodological nuances of clinical trial design. It discusses how to address ethical concerns and fulfill ethical requirements for initiating research studies. Finally, it describes notable clinical trials in psychiatry, how community-based centers can be a valuable research resource, and how technology can complement these endeavors in the community.

When Subjects are Not Randomly Assigned: The Cohort Approach

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-94
Author(s):  
Margaret R. Karagas
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Skin Neoplasms ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Distinguishing Features

Background: Cohort studies are often used to answer clinical and etiologic questions. Objective: This article is to provide an overview of the basic concepts of cohort studies that are pertinent to the evaluation of the published literature. Methods: Fundamental principles, methods of assessing exposure and outcome status, choice of a comparison group, and statistical methods used in cohort studies are reviewed. Studies focusing on skin neoplasms are used as examples. Results: Methods used in cohort studies are similar to those used in clinical trials. One of the distinguishing features is that the exposure (e.g., treatment) is observed rather than assigned by the study investigators. Therefore, an effort must be made to ensure comparability between exposed and unexposed groups. Conclusion: Cohort studies have provided valuable clinical and etiologic information, but the strengths and limitations of this approach need to be recognized when evaluating the literature.

scholarly journals Basic concepts for sample size calculation: Critical step for any clinical trials!

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 328 ◽  
Author(s):  
KK Gupta ◽  
JP Attri ◽  
A Singh ◽  
H Kaur ◽  
G Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Sample Size Calculation ◽  
Critical Step ◽  
Basic Concepts

scholarly journals Telemonitoring in Heart Failure Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivo Planinc ◽  
Davor Milicic ◽  
Maja Cikes
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Patient Education ◽  
Treatment Adherence ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Care Patient ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Heart Failure Management ◽  
Conflicting Evidence ◽  
Basic Concepts

Telemonitoring (TM) aims to predict and prevent worsening heart failure (HF) episodes and improve self-care, patient education, treatment adherence and survival. There is a growing number of TM options for patients with HF, but there are numerous challenges in reaching positive outcomes. Conflicting evidence from clinical trials may be the result of the enormous heterogeneity of TM devices tested, differences in selected patient populations and variabilities between healthcare systems. This article covers some basic concepts of TM, looking at the recent advances in the most frequently used types of TM and the evidence to support its use in the care of people with HF.

Indirect comparisons of treatment effects: Network meta-analyses

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 510-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Pia Sormani
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Formal Methods ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Therapeutic Options ◽  
Indirect Treatment ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Treatment Comparisons ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Indirect Comparisons

Many therapeutic options are now available for patients with multiple sclerosis. While the efficacy of each drug has been assessed against placebo or, more recently, against interferon, no direct comparisons of these new therapies have been conducted in randomized clinical trials. Therefore, indirect treatment comparisons are needed to inform clinical decisions. In this brief report, some basic concepts about network meta-analyses that are the formal methods used to run multiple indirect treatment comparisons are reviewed when applied in the context of multiple sclerosis studies.

Localization of Gallium-67 in Peritoneal Cells by Electron Microscopic Autoradiography

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 404-405
Author(s):  
D. C. Swartzendruber ◽  
Norma L. Idoyaga-Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissue Tumors ◽  
Clinical Usefulness ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Electron Microscopic Autoradiography ◽  
Peritoneal Cells ◽  
Gallium 67

The radionuclide gallium-67 (67Ga) localizes preferentially but not specifically in many human and experimental soft-tissue tumors. Because of this localization, 67Ga is used in clinical trials to detect humar. cancers by external scintiscanning methods. However, the fact that 67Ga does not localize specifically in tumors requires for its eventual clinical usefulness a fuller understanding of the mechanisms that control its deposition in both malignant and normal cells. We have previously reported that 67Ga localizes in lysosomal-like bodies, notably, although not exclusively, in macrophages of the spocytaneous AKR thymoma. Further studies on the uptake of 67Ga by macrophages are needed to determine whether there are factors related to malignancy that might alter the localization of 67Ga in these cells and thus provide clues to discovering the mechanism of 67Ga localization in tumor tissue.

A Cognitive-Linguistic Intervention Program: Basic Concept Formation Level

1977 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Gerald E. Chappell
Keyword(s):  
Basic Concept ◽  
Concept Formation ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Cognitive Linguistic ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Linguistic Skills ◽  
Linguistic Intervention

Test-teach questioning is a strategy that can be used to help children develop basic concepts. It fosters the use of multisensory exploration and discovery in learning which leads to the development of cognitive-linguistic skills. This article outlines some of the theoretical bases for this approach and indicates possibilities for their applications in child-clinician transactions.

Prekindergarteners' Performance on The Boehm Test of Basic Concepts

1988 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 137-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia Ouellette ◽  
Robert Casteel
Keyword(s):  
Basic Concepts
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