Destruction of Toxic Organic Materials Using Super-Critical Water Oxidation: Current State of the Technology

2000 ◽  
pp. 425-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Shaw ◽  
N. Dahmen
Keyword(s):  
Water Oxidation ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Oxidation Current ◽  
Current State

scholarly journals Photocatalytic Oxidation Reactions Mediated by Covalent Organic Frameworks and Related Extended Organic Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Alemán ◽  
Rubén Mas-Ballesté
Keyword(s):  
Water Oxidation ◽  
Photocatalytic Oxidation ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Covalent Organic Frameworks ◽  
Oxidation Reactions ◽  
Current State ◽  
Wide Range

Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) and related extended organic materials have been widely used as photocatalysts in the last few years. Such interest arises from the wide range of covalent linkages employed in their construction, which offer many possibilities to design extended frameworks and to link photoactive building blocks. Thus, the potential utility of predesigned organic photoactive fragments can be synergistically added to the inherent advantages of heterogeneous catalysis, such as recyclability and easy separation of catalyst. In this overview, the current state of the art on the design of organic materials for photocatalytic oxidation reactions will be presented. The designing process of these materials is usually conditioned by the generally accepted concept that crystallinity and porosity defines the quality of the heterogeneous catalysts obtained. The care for the structural integrity of materials obtained is understandable because many properties and applications are intimately related to these features. However, the catalytic activity does not always directly depends on these characteristics. A critical compilation of the available literature is performed in order to offer a general perspective of the use of COFs and Covalent Triazine Frameworks (CTFs) in photocatalytic oxidation processes, including water oxidation, which constitute an important outcome relevant to artificial photosynthesis.

Nonlinear optical devices: Relative Status of Polymeric Materials

1991 ◽  
Vol 228 ◽  
Author(s):  
George I. Stegeman
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Optical ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Nonlinear Optical Devices ◽  
Current State ◽  
Device Applications ◽  
Relative Status ◽  
Nonlinear Optical Phenomena ◽  
Made In

ABSTRACTNonlinear optical phenomena have been investigated over the last three decades in many different materials and a great deal of progress has been made in both the basic science and device applications.(1] Although interest in nonlinear organic materials dates back to the early days of nonlinear optics, it is only in the last five years that progress has been sustained and rapid. The purpose of this paper is to examine progress in developing new nonlinear organic materials and in their application to devices for comparison with current state-of-the-art devices using other material systems.

Semiconductor photocatalysts for water oxidation: current status and challenges

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (15) ◽  
pp. 6810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingling Yang ◽  
Han Zhou ◽  
Tongxiang Fan ◽  
Di Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Water Oxidation ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Oxidation Current

Application of Improved Voltage Compensation in the SEM to Imaging of Organic Materials

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 444-445
Author(s):  
P.J. Killingworth ◽  
M. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Beam Diameter ◽  
Incident Electron Beam ◽  
Specimen Material ◽  
Voltage Compensation ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Scanning Electron

Ultimate resolution in the scanning electron microscope is determined not only by the diameter of the incident electron beam, but by interaction of that beam with the specimen material. Generally, while minimum beam diameter diminishes with increasing voltage, due to the reduced effect of aberration component and magnetic interference, the excited volume within the sample increases with electron energy. Thus, for any given material and imaging signal, there is an optimum volt age to achieve best resolution.In the case of organic materials, which are in general of low density and electric ally non-conducting; and may in addition be susceptible to radiation and heat damage, the selection of correct operating parameters is extremely critical and is achiev ed by interative adjustment.

ESEM - A multipurpose surface Electron Microscope

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 632-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.D. Danilatos
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Saturated Water Vapor ◽  
Surface Electron ◽  
Current State ◽  
Saturated Water ◽  
New Type ◽  
Temperature And Pressure

Over recent years a new type of electron microscope - the environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) - has been developed for the examination of specimen surfaces in the presence of gases. A detailed series of reports on the system has appeared elsewhere. A review summary of the current state and potential of the system is presented here.The gas composition, temperature and pressure can be varied in the specimen chamber of the ESEM. With air, the pressure can be up to one atmosphere (about 1000 mbar). Environments with fully saturated water vapor only at room temperature (20-30 mbar) can be easily maintained whilst liquid water or other solutions, together with uncoated specimens, can be imaged routinely during various applications.

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