Population dynamics and control of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis

2000 ◽  
pp. 253-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Dye ◽  
Brian G. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Dynamics And Control ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals WHO publishes the third edition of guidelines for the prevention and control of air-travel-associated tuberculosis

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Abubakar ◽  
K Fernandez de la Hoz
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Air Travel ◽  
Public Health Agencies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Health Agencies ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
And Control

Air travel has increased over the last few decades resulting in greater risk of the spread of infectious diseases carried by infectious travellers. The risk of transmission of pathogens is particularly important for airborne organisms raising concern among public health agencies and the public. Despite limited research on the risk of tuberculosis associated with air travel, several reports have published evidence of the transmission of tuberculosis infection, including multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) [1, 2].

scholarly journals Estimating the contribution of transmission in primary healthcare clinics to community-wide TB disease incidence, and the impact of infection prevention and control interventions, in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicky McCreesh ◽  
Aaron S Karat ◽  
Indira Govender ◽  
Kathy Baisley ◽  
Karin Diaconu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
And Control ◽  
Primary Healthcare Clinics ◽  
The Impact

Background There is a high risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) transmission in healthcare facilities in high burden settings. Recent World Health Organization guidelines on tuberculosis infection prevention and control (IPC) recommend a range of measures to reduce transmission in healthcare and institutional settings. These were evaluated primarily based on evidence for their effects on transmission to healthcare workers in hospitals. To estimate the overall impact of IPC interventions, it is necessary to also consider their impact on overall community-wide tuberculosis incidence and mortality. Methods We developed an individual-based model of Mtb transmission between household members, in primary healthcare clinics (PHCs), and in other congregate settings; drug sensitive and multidrug resistant tuberculosis disease development and resolution; and HIV and antiretroviral therapy (ART) and their effects on tuberculosis. The model was parameterised using data from a high HIV prevalence, rural/peri-urban community in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, including data on social contact in clinics and other settings by sex, age group, and HIV/ART status; and data on the prevalence of tuberculosis in clinic attendees and the general population. We estimated the proportion of disease in adults that resulted from transmission in PHC clinics in 2019, and the impact of a range of IPC interventions in clinics on community-wide TB incidence and mortality. Results We estimate that 7.6% (plausible range 3.9-13.9%) of drug sensitive and multidrug resistant tuberculosis in adults resulted from transmission in PHC clinics in the study community in 2019. The proportion is higher in HIV-positive people, at 9.3% (4.8%-16.8%), compared to 5.3% (2.7%-10.1%) in HIV-negative people. We estimate that IPC interventions could reduce the number of incident TB cases in the community in 2021-2030 by 3.4-8.0%, and the number of deaths by 3.0-7.2%. Conclusions A non-trivial proportion of tuberculosis results from transmission in PHC clinics in the study communities, particularly in HIV-positive people. Implementing IPC interventions could lead to moderate reductions in disease burden. We therefore recommend that IPC measures in clinics should be implemented both for their benefits to staff and patients, but also for their likely effects on TB incidence and mortality in the surrounding community.

scholarly journals The Role of IL-6 Gene Polymorphism in Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients in Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 81-84
Author(s):  
Diyar K. Flaifel ◽  
Ibtisam H. Al-Azawi
Keyword(s):  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
First Year ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
And Control

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries, and the incidence of the disease is increasing in developed. One-third of the world’s population is infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Still, only about 5% of infected individuals develop the disease within the first year of infection, and another 5% develop the disease later in life. Aim of the study: Is to investigate the relationship between the levels of Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and detection of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Al-Diwaniyah population. Patients and methods: The current study included 120 patients with tuberculosis who were classified into two groups. The first group included 60 TB patients who were sensitive to anti TB drugs and 60 patients with multi-drug resistance (MDR) based on gene Xpert. The study also included 60 healthy individuals serving as a control group. Demographic characteristics of study and control groups were retrieved. IL-6 (-572G/C) genotype polymorphism was carried out using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and according to the instruction of the providing company. Serum level of IL-6 was also measured by ELISA according to the instruction of the providing company. Results: It has been observed that genotype CC was more frequent in sensitive TB patients than both MDR TB patients and control subjects, 73.3 % versus 60 % and 61.7 %, respectively. Serum IL-6 level was significantly higher in MDR TB patients than in control group (p = 0.007), and there was no significant difference in its level between sensitive and MDR TB patients (p = 0.284). Conclusion: IL-6 gene polymorphism is not associated with multidrug resistance in TB patients; however, Serum IL-6 level was significantly higher in MDR TB patients than in the control group.

scholarly journals Factors associated with multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis in Dakar, Senegal, 2010-2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mbouna Ndiaye ◽  
Pauline Kiswendsida Yanogo ◽  
Bernard Sawadogo ◽  
Fadima Diallo ◽  
Simon Antara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Previous Treatment ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
World Health ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Control

According to the World Health Organization, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) represents a major obstacle towards successful TB treatment and control. In Dakar, MDR-TB management began in 2010 with the strengthening of diagnostic resources. The objective of this study was to identify the factors associated with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Dakar between 2010 and 2016. We conducted a case-control study from January 10 to February 28, 2017 in tuberculosis centers in Dakar. of 169 cases and 507 controls. We used logistic regression with Epi-info version 7.2.1. to estimate the odds ratios of association. Factors significantly associated with MDR-TB were: residing in a periurban area (ORa=1.8; 95% CI (1.5-4.9); p=0.024), presence of MDR-TB in the entourage of patient (ORa=7.0; 95% CI (6.1-9.5); p=0.002), previous treatment failure (ORa=29.5; 95% CI (27.3-30.1); p=0.000), treatment not directly observed by a health care provider (ORa=4.3; 95% CI (4.1-7,2); p=0.000) and irregularity of treatment (ORa=1.7; 95% CI (0.5-5.4); p=0.037). Focusing interventions on population at-risk will prevent MDR-TB.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis-Spoligo-Rifampin-Isoniazid Typing: an All-in-One Assay Technique for Surveillance and Control of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis on Luminex Devices

2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 3527-3534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Kiréopori Gomgnimbou ◽  
Iván Hernández-Neuta ◽  
Stefan Panaiotov ◽  
Elizabeta Bachiyska ◽  
Juan Carlos Palomino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
And Control ◽  
Assay Technique
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