The effect of cyproterone acetate on hair roots and hair shaft diameter in androgenetic alopecia in females

Skin and hair are exposed to environmental factors such as pollutants sun & water(Garcia et al 1978). Hair care products are designed to reduce the damage of environmental influences and for cosmetic reasons. Hair dye products are brought into contact with the hair shaft and the scalp, and on occasions, may penetrate as deeply as the hair roots (Stuttgen 1981). Some of the constituents of hair dyes have been related to skin allergies, nervousness and toxicity (Stuttgen 1981).Only in recent years, in part due to the rising demands for scientific documentation of advertising claims has interest been focused on the development of reliable measurements for the safety of hair dye products.The hair cuticle cells are critical to the preservation of the physical integrity of the hair fibers of the cortex (Wolfram 1972). The scant and controversial information on the effects of hair dye products on the hair shaft and on the epidermis led to this investigation. This study, was conducted by the use of scanning electron microscopy, of mixed-breed dogs subjected to intensive usage of hair dye products reports the changes of the cuticle of the hair shaft and the epidermis.

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Hair-Shaft Diameter as an Index of Protein-Calorie Malnutrition

Archives of Environmental Health An International Journal ◽

10.1080/00039896.1971.10665956 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 61-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

H. Mac Vandiviere ◽

Thomas A. Dale ◽

Robert B. Driess ◽

Keene A. Watson

Keyword(s):

Hair Shaft ◽

Protein Calorie Malnutrition ◽

Shaft Diameter

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Lack of effect of spironolactone on hair shaft diameter in hirsute females.

Postgraduate Medical Journal ◽

10.1136/pgmj.65.765.459 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 65 (765) ◽

pp. 459-462 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

A. R. McLellan ◽

J. Rentoul ◽

R. MacKie ◽

G. T. McInnes

Keyword(s):

Hair Shaft ◽

Shaft Diameter

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Female Pattern Hair Loss in Female and Male: A Quantitative Trichoscopic Analysis in Chinese Han Patients

Frontiers in Medicine ◽

10.3389/fmed.2021.649392 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Xi Chen ◽

Xiangqian Li ◽

Baifu Chen ◽

Yue Yin ◽

Jianzhong Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hair Follicle ◽

Hair Loss ◽

Hair Shaft ◽

Occipital Area ◽

Chinese Han ◽

Hair Density ◽

Single Hair ◽

Shaft Diameter ◽

Female Pattern Hair Loss ◽

Normal Controls

Objectives: To investigate the trichoscopic features of female pattern hair loss (FPHL) in Chinese Han patients and analyze the difference between male and female patients with FPHL.Materials and Methods: Trichoscopic images were taken in four different scalp areas, including right frontal hairline, vertex, right parietal and occipital areas. Hair density, hair shaft diameter, vellus hair ratio and single hair follicle unit ratio were counted manually and analyzed.Results: Seventy-three subjects were enrolled in this study, including 38 patients with FPHL (28 females and 10 males) and 35 normal controls without hair loss. The hair density and hair shaft diameter of FPHL patients reduced in the whole scalp. Vellus hair ratio and single hair follicle unit ratio were both increased in FPHL compared to normal controls. The vertex was the most affected area and the hair shaft diameter showed the most significant difference. Parietal and occipital area were also affected in FPHL. The reduction or increase was correlated with the severity of Ludwig staging. Very few gender differences were detected in male and female FPHL patients.Conclusion: FPHL patients showed decreased hair density and hair shaft diameter, accompanied by increased vellus hair ratio and single hair follicle unit ratio. Parietal and occipital area can be also affected in FPHL, though not as severe as in vertex area. FPHL in male basically has the same characteristic as those in female patients.Limitation: The main limitation of the study is the small sample size which only enrolled 10 male FPHL patients, in comparison to the female cases. The findings could not be representative of the normal population with the limited sample size.

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THE SHEPHERDS HOOK PHENOMENON PATTERN OF HAIR ROOTS A DEMONSTRATION OF COMPARATIVE BIOLECTROMAGNETISM BETWEEN HUMAN HAIRS AND MOUSE WHISKERS BY MEANS OF THE PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT

International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH ◽

10.29121/granthaalayah.v6.i7.2018.1312 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (7) ◽

pp. 317-326

Author(s):

Abraham A.

Keyword(s):

Human Hair ◽

Photoelectric Effect ◽

Hair Shaft ◽

Hair Follicles ◽

Iron Particles ◽

Magnetic Attraction ◽

Microscopy Technique ◽

Hair Roots ◽

Blue Stain ◽

Fine Iron

In this manuscript, the phenomena herein reported have been observed in some of prior publications by this author. This manuscript is a compilation of cross-species similarities on the biomagnetic fields (BMFs) emitted by the human hair and mouse vibrissa follicles. The introduction of a novel optical microscopy technique designed to detect BMFs in plant and animal tissue has allowed researchers to publish interesting and unique findings. They range from hair follicles BMFs penetrating glass barriers to the biomagnetic effect on crystals accretion of fronted hair follicles. Both rodents (whiskers) and human (hair follicles) show similarities regarding spontaneous BMFs expressed as light rays with one sided greater BMF activity. The technique used as a base the iron staining property of Prussian Blue Stain (PBS) mixed with very fine iron particles 2000 nm in diameter (for magnetic attraction). For this manuscript, previously published images were re-reviewed and addressed as such in the manuscript. Both PBS mixed with the diamagnetic Potassium Ferrocyanide and PBS mixed with the paramagnetic Potassium Ferricyanide were alternatively chosen in those experiments. During evaporation, the hair shaft and follicle, due to their intrinsic diamagnetism, repels the crystals of diamagnetic PBS and attracts the paramagnetic ones. Experiments are presented consistently demonstrating a unique pattern observed of BMFs skewed towards or along one side of the human hair shaft and follicle of humans and rodent vibrissa whiskers. This is attributed to “The Photoelectric Effect” discovered in 1887 by the German physicist Heinrich Rudolf Hertz.

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The Effectiveness and Tolerability of Preformed Growth Factors Vehiculated Through Iontophoresis on Patients with Androgenetic Alopecia and Telogen Effluvium: A Clinical Study

Dermatology Practical & Conceptual ◽

10.5826/dpc.1103a82 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 2021082

Author(s):

Aurora Maria Alessandrini ◽

Francesca Bruni ◽

Bianca Maria Piraccini ◽

Michela Starace

Keyword(s):

Growth Factors ◽

Combined Therapy ◽

Hair Shaft ◽

Hair Follicles ◽

Androgenetic Alopecia ◽

Treatment Modalities ◽

Self Assessment ◽

Hair Density ◽

Pattern Distribution ◽

Assessment Questionnaire

Background: Androgenetic alopecia is characterized by a progressive miniaturization of hair follicles in a pattern distribution in genetically predisposed individuals. The efficacy of conventional therapies is variable, therefore there is a need for adjuvant and newer treatment modalities to provide faster and better outcomes. Objectives: Evaluation of the efficacy and tolerability of a combined therapy: preformed growth factors vehiculated through iontophoresis in patients with androgenetic alopecia and associated telogen effluvium, to obtain faster hair regrowth. Materials and Methods: Treatment was performed between June 2018 and June 2019 on 60 patients with androgenetic alopecia and associated telogen effluvium. Each patient underwent 4 sessions in total, each session was performed every 3 weeks. Global photography and trichoscopy were collected at every session of therapy. All patients filed out a self-assessment questionnaire. Results: Results were very promising, with improvement of hair density and thickening of the hair shaft diameter in most of patients seen with both global photography and trichoscopy. All patients were satisfied of the clinical result and reported a complete reduction in hair loss. No serious adverse side effects were reported. Conclusions: The use of growth factors associated with iontophoresis technique is a useful treatment for treating and preventing androgenetic alopecia. In addition, in case of associated telogen effluvium, this technique allows for an early stop of hair shedding, especially when cosmetic procedures do not provide satisfactory results in patients.

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IMPROVEMENT OF ALOPECIA AND DECREASES IN HAIR CORTISOL AND DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE CONCENTRATIONS AFTER THE TOPICAL USE OF PLANT EXTRACTS IN MEN WITH ANDROGENETIC ALOPECIA

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2021.v14i8.41859 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 71-79

Author(s):

SANG-HWAN DO ◽

RYUN-SUP AHN ◽

MYUNG-SUK NA ◽

HYUNG-RUEL JU

Keyword(s):

Plant Extracts ◽

Hair Shaft ◽

Androgenetic Alopecia ◽

Hair Cortisol ◽

Hair Density ◽

Main Effect ◽

Assessment Time ◽

Single Blind ◽

Single Time Point ◽

Time Point

Objectives: Plant extracts possessing specific constituents with anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, or 5α-reductase inhibitory properties are known to provide benefits against androgenetic alopecia (AGA) in men. A solid shampoo was formulated, and it contained a mixture of six different plant extracts that possess these beneficial properties against AGA. The improvement in AGA and changes in steroid concentrations were assessed after 4 months of formulated shampoo use. Methods: This study was conducted based on a randomized, placebo-controlled, and single-blind design. Hair-related variables and hair and saliva samples were collected bi-monthly in the treatment (n=48) and placebo (n=52) groups and at a single time point in the hairy controls (n=50). Results: The formulated shampoo was more effective on AGA than the placebo based on the hair shaft thickness and hair density in the receding hairline. The baseline hair cortisol and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) concentrations were significantly higher in the treatment and placebo groups than in the hairy controls. After 4 months, the hair steroid concentrations in the treatment group were reduced to those observed in the hairy controls, although the main effect of time on hair steroid concentrations was negligible in the placebo group. Salivary cortisol and DHT levels during the post-awakening period were comparable among the groups or assessment time points. Conclusion: The constituents of plant extracts included in the formulated shampoo would prevent hair loss, increase hair growth effects, and reduce hair cortisol and DHT concentrations without changes in the post-awakening salivary steroid levels in men with AGA.

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ENHANCEMENT OF FOLLICULAR DELIVERY OF FINASTERIDE IN NIOSOMALAND PRONIOSOMAL GEL FORM FOR TREATING ANDROGENETIC ALOPECIA

INDIAN DRUGS ◽

10.53879/id.49.05.p0047 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 49 (05) ◽

pp. 47-55

Author(s):

K. R Vimal ◽

◽

V Sankar ◽

C. R Srinivas ◽

M. Kumaresan

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Release ◽

Test Group ◽

Hair Shaft ◽

Androgenetic Alopecia ◽

Skin Permeability ◽

Control Group ◽

Androgenic Alopecia ◽

Anagen Hair ◽

Dicetyl Phosphate

Finasteride has not been explored extensively for the treatment of androgenic alopecia. The present workwas aimed to enhance the follicular delivery of finasteride topically by niosomal and proniosomal carriersystems for treating androgenetic alopecia. Finasteride niosomes were prepared by thin film hydrationmethod and proniosomes were prepared by coacervation phase separation method. The niosomesprepared with cholesterol-Span 20 (1:1) and proniosmes prepared with cholesterol-Span 20 (1:1) showedbetter mean vesicle size, drug content, in vitro release profile and skin permeability. The effect of chargeinducer, dicetyl phosphate (DCP) on skin permeability of niosomes and proniosomes was studied and itwas found to be less in this study. Stability studies were preformed and the formulation was found to bestable for 60 days. Clinical trials by phototrichogram method was performed for proniosomal formulationwith cholesterol-Span 20 (1:1) and DCP on twenty healthy male volunteers and it was found to increasethe anagen hair count of test group by 42.85 % when compared with the control group (6.6%), indicatingthe proniosomal gel formulation achieved the objective of enhancing the drug concentration in androgenicreceptors of hair shaft and thus it can be used safely for treating androgenic alopecia.

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The Distribution of Quetiapine and 7-Hydroxyquetiapine in Guinea Pig Hair Roots and Shafts after Repeated Administration: Exploration of the Mechanism of Drug Entry and Retention in Hair

Journal of Analytical Toxicology ◽

10.1093/jat/bkaa151 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jiao-Jiao Ji ◽

Hui Yan ◽

Ping Xiang ◽

Xin Wang ◽

Min Shen

Keyword(s):

Guinea Pig ◽

Repeated Administration ◽

Hair Shaft ◽

High Dose ◽

Hair Root ◽

Segmental Analysis ◽

Drug Concentrations ◽

Hair Roots ◽

Hair Shafts ◽

Drug Entry

Abstract This study investigated the distribution of quetiapine and 7-hydroxyquetiapine in guinea pig hair roots and shafts after five repeated intragastric administrations at three doses (5, 10 and 25 mg/kg) by segmental analysis to explore the mechanism of drug entry and retention in hair. Hair root samples were collected after 7, 10, 14, 21, 28 and 35 d in area A after the first dose, and a hair shaft was plucked 35 d after the first dose. The maximum concentrations of quetiapine in hair roots in the low-, medium- and high-dose groups occurred at 50, 74 and 98 h after the first administration, and the maximum concentrations were 0.71 ng/mg (range: 0.54–0.84 ng/mg), 6.72 ng/mg (range: 4.59–9.75 ng/mg) and 12.72 ng/mg (range: 10.74–15.76 ng/mg), respectively. The maximum concentrations of 7-hydroxyquetiapine in the low-, medium- and high-dose groups were 0.67 ng/mg (0.23–1.15 ng/mg), 1.07 ng/mg (0.44–1.19 ng/mg) and 3.92 ng/mg (0.656.14 ng/mg), respectively, at 26 h. The maximum concentrations of quetiapine and 7-hydroxyquetiapine in hair roots were significantly positively correlated with the dose (n = 18; r2 = 0.84; P < 0.0001 for quetiapine and n = 18; r2 = 0.61; P = 0.0001 for 7-hydroxyquetiapine). The concentrations of quetiapine and 7-hydroxyquetiapine in hair roots were higher than those in hair shafts 10 d after administration, indicating drug and metabolite entry into the hair through the roots in the first few days after administration. The highest concentrations of quetiapine in the hair shaft in the low-, medium- and high-dose groups were found at the hair ends, and 7-hydroxyquetiapine in the hair shaft showed no obvious peak concentration. Combined with previous studies, we think, by analyzing the drug concentrations in the hair roots and shaft, that the most important way for drugs to enter into and be retained in hair is that the drug enters the hair through the blood circulation from hair root, then spreads and redistributes as the hair grows.

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