Protein Synthesis by Differentiating Neuroblasts and Glioblasts in Cell Culture: A Model System for Analysis of Genetic Neurologic Disease

Brain ◽  
1977 ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Roger N. Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Model System ◽  
Neurologic Disease

Oxygen Availability as a Control Factor in the Density-Dependent Regulation of Protein Synthesis in Cell Culture

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-337
Author(s):  
DESH PAL S. VERMA ◽  
A. MARCUS
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Initial Function ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Oxygen Availability ◽  
Control Factor ◽  
Atp Level ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Inadequate Nutrition

Dilution of a density-inhibited Arachis culture results in a 10-fold increase in capacity for protein synthesis during the first 2 h after dilution. The limitation in the density-inhibited state is not inadequate nutrition, inappropriate pH, or a diffusible inhibitor as the dilution can be carried out in medium obtained by filtration of 14-day cells. The respiratory rate of the culture increases 2-fold immediately after dilution and the ATP level increases 3-fold dunng the 2-h period subsequent to dilution. These observations suggest that the initial function activated by dilution is an increased availability of oxygen and that this increase in oxygen provides an increased level of ATP, finally resulting in an increased rate of protein synthesis. This idea is further supported by the finding that both the increase in cellular ATP and the acceleration of the rate of protein synthesis can be obtained in dense culture, in the absence of dilution, by maintaining the cells for 2 h under oxygen.

Altered TNF-α, glucose, insulin, and amino acids in islets of Langerhans cultured in a microgravity model system

2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (1) ◽  
pp. E92-E102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian W. Tobin ◽  
Sandra K. Leeper-Woodford ◽  
Brian B. Hashemi ◽  
Scott M. Smith ◽  
Clarence F. Sams
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Islets Of Langerhans ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Model System ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Static Culture ◽  
Pancreatic Islets Of Langerhans ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Factor Α

The present studies were designed to determine effects of a microgravity model system upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) activity and indexes of insulin and fuel homeostasis of pancreatic islets of Langerhans. Islets (1,726 ± 117, 150 islet equivalent units) from Wistar-Furth rats were treated as 1) high aspect ratio vessel (HARV) cell culture, 2) HARV plus LPS, 3) static culture, and 4) static culture plus LPS. TNF-α (L929 cytotoxicity assay) was significantly increased in LPS-induced HARV and static cultures; yet the increase was more pronounced in the static culture group ( P < 0.05). A decrease in insulin concentration was demonstrated in the LPS-stimulated HARV culture ( P< 0.05). We observed a greater glucose concentration and increased disappearance of arginine in islets cultured in HARVs. Although nitrogenous compound analysis indicated a ubiquitous reliance on glutamine in all experimental groups, arginine was converted to ornithine at a twofold greater rate in the islets cultured in the HARV microgravity model system ( P < 0.05). These studies demonstrate alterations in LPS-induced TNF-α production of pancreatic islets of Langerhans, favoring a lesser TNF activity in the HARV. These alterations in fuel homeostasis may be promulgated by gravity-averaged cell culture methods or by three-dimensional cell assembly.

scholarly journals Cultured equine satellite cells as a model system to assess leucine stimulated protein synthesis in horse muscle

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle L DeBoer ◽  
Krishona M Martinson ◽  
Mary S Pampusch ◽  
Abigail M Hansen ◽  
Scott M Wells ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Satellite Cells ◽  
Model System

scholarly journals Use of Isolated Adult Myocytes to Evaluate Cardiotoxicity. I. Sugar Uptake and Protein Synthesis

1990 ◽  
Vol 18 (4a) ◽  
pp. 511-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Haworth ◽  
Atilla B. Goknur ◽  
Melissa G. Cook ◽  
Robert S. Decker
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Model System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sugar Uptake ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
Ventricular Cells ◽  
Adult Cardiac Myocytes ◽  
Elevated Rate ◽  
Early Restoration

The usefulness of isolated adult cardiac myocytes, both in suspension and in culture, as a model system for measuring cardiotoxicity is evaluated. It has been suggested that isolated adult myocytes should preferably be cultured for such experimentation, as this restores the cells to a physiological preference for fatty acids as a substrate rather than glucose. We show here that the restoration of Ca2+ to cells immediately after isolation results in an artificially enhanced glucose metabolism, as measured by an elevated rate of deoxyglucose uptake. Early restoration of Ca2+ during cell isolation, on the other hand, results in cells with a normal low level of deoxyglucose uptake. We, thus, conclude that cells can be ready for valid toxicity studies immediately after isolation, without the need for culture. The culture of adult feline ventricular cells is also described. These cells, like rabbit but unlike rat, are particularly promising for toxicity studies because they remain quiescent in culture and do not round up. On exposure to norepinephrine, they beat spontaneously and increase their rate of protein synthesis.

Development of a Cell Culture Model System for Routine Testing of Substances Inducing Oxidative Stress

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 745-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Ritter ◽  
J.W Knebel ◽  
M Aufderheide ◽  
U Mohr
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Culture ◽  
Model System ◽  
Cell Culture Model ◽  
Routine Testing ◽  
Culture Model ◽  
A Cell
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