Effect of E8 Protein on Ethylene Biosynthesis during Tomato Fruit Ripening

1993 ◽  
pp. 100-105
Author(s):  
L. Peñarrubia ◽  
M. Aguilar ◽  
L. Margossian ◽  
R. L. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Tomato Fruit Ripening

scholarly journals Re-evaluation of the nor mutation and the role of the NAC-NOR transcription factor in tomato fruit ripening

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 3560-3574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Gao ◽  
Wei Wei ◽  
Zhongqi Fan ◽  
Xiaodan Zhao ◽  
Yiping Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Pectate Lyase ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Fruit Softening ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Gain Of Function ◽  
Carotenoid Accumulation ◽  
Acid Protein ◽  
Tomato Fruit Ripening

Abstract The tomato non-ripening (nor) mutant generates a truncated 186-amino-acid protein (NOR186) and has been demonstrated previously to be a gain-of-function mutant. Here, we provide more evidence to support this view and answer the open question of whether the NAC-NOR gene is important in fruit ripening. Overexpression of NAC-NOR in the nor mutant did not restore the full ripening phenotype. Further analysis showed that the truncated NOR186 protein is located in the nucleus and binds to but does not activate the promoters of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase2 (SlACS2), geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase2 (SlGgpps2), and pectate lyase (SlPL), which are involved in ethylene biosynthesis, carotenoid accumulation, and fruit softening, respectively. The activation of the promoters by the wild-type NOR protein can be inhibited by the mutant NOR186 protein. On the other hand, ethylene synthesis, carotenoid accumulation, and fruit softening were significantly inhibited in CR-NOR (CRISPR/Cas9-edited NAC-NOR) fruit compared with the wild-type, but much less severely affected than in the nor mutant, while they were accelerated in OE-NOR (overexpressed NAC-NOR) fruit. These data further indicated that nor is a gain-of-function mutation and NAC-NOR plays a significant role in ripening of wild-type fruit.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Analysis of ABA Effects on Ethylene Biosynthesis and Signaling during Tomato Fruit Ripening

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. e0154072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wangshu Mou ◽  
Dongdong Li ◽  
Jianwen Bu ◽  
Yuanyuan Jiang ◽  
Zia Ullah Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Tomato Fruit Ripening ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis And Signaling

scholarly journals Sound waves delay tomato fruit ripening by negatively regulating ethylene biosynthesis and signaling genes

2015 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joo-Yeol Kim ◽  
Jin-Su Lee ◽  
Taek-Ryoun Kwon ◽  
Soo-In Lee ◽  
Jin-A. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Sound Waves ◽  
Tomato Fruit Ripening ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis And Signaling

scholarly journals SlGRAS4 accelerates fruit ripening by regulating ethylene biosynthesis genes and SlMADS1 in tomato

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yudong Liu ◽  
Yuan Shi ◽  
Deding Su ◽  
Wang Lu ◽  
Zhengguo Li
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Total Carotenoid Content ◽  
Tomato Fruit Ripening ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory Mechanisms

AbstractGRAS proteins are plant-specific transcription factors that play crucial roles in plant development and stress responses. However, their involvement in the ripening of economically important fruits and their transcriptional regulatory mechanisms remain largely unclear. Here, we demonstrated that SlGRAS4, encoding a transcription factor of the GRAS family, was induced by the tomato ripening process and regulated by ethylene. Overexpression of SlGRAS4 accelerated fruit ripening, increased the total carotenoid content and increased PSY1 expression in SlGRAS4-OE fruit compared to wild-type fruit. The expression levels of key ethylene biosynthesis genes (SlACS2, SlACS4, SlACO1, and SlACO3) and crucial ripening regulators (RIN and NOR) were increased in SlGRAS4-OE fruit. The negative regulator of tomato fruit ripening, SlMADS1, was repressed in OE fruit. Exogenous ethylene and 1-MCP treatment revealed that more endogenous ethylene was derived in SlGRAS4-OE fruit. More obvious phenotypes were observed in OE seedlings after ACC treatment. Yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assays confirmed that SlGRAS4 can directly bind SlACO1 and SlACO3 promoters to activate their transcription, and SlGRAS4 can also directly repress SlMADS1 expression. Our study identified that SlGRAS4 acts as a new regulator of fruit ripening by regulating ethylene biosynthesis genes in a direct manner. This provides new knowledge of GRAS transcription factors involved in regulating fruit ripening.

SlAREB1 transcriptional activation of NOR is involved in abscisic acid-modulated ethylene biosynthesis during tomato fruit ripening

Plant Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 276 ◽  
pp. 239-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wangshu Mou ◽  
Dongdong Li ◽  
Zisheng Luo ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Linchun Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Tomato Fruit Ripening

Gibberellins Play a Role in Regulating Tomato Fruit Ripening

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 1619-1629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hu Li ◽  
Han Wu ◽  
Qi Qi ◽  
Huihui Li ◽  
Zhifei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Tomato Fruit Ripening ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
Negative Role ◽  
Regulator Genes ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium

AbstractAlthough exogenous applications of gibberellins (GAs) delay tomato ripening, the regulatory mechanisms of GAs in the process have never been well recognized. Here, we report that the concentration of endogenous GAs is declined before the increase of ethylene production in mature-green to breaker stage fruits. We further demonstrate that reductions in GA levels via overexpression of a GA catabolism gene SlGA2ox1 specifically in fruit tissues lead to early ripening. Consistently, we have also observed that application of a GA biosynthetic inhibitor, prohexadione-calcium, at the mature-green stage accelerates fruit ripening, while exogenous GA3 application delays the process. Furthermore, we demonstrate that ethylene biosynthetic gene expressions and ethylene production are activated prematurely in GA-deficient fruits but delayed/reduced in exogenous GA3-treated WT fruits. We also show that the GA deficiency-mediated activation of ethylene biosynthesis is due to the activation of the ripening regulator genes RIN, NOR and CNR. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that GAs play a negative role in tomato fruit ripening.

scholarly journals A nuclear-localized cysteine desulfhydrase plays a role in fruit ripening in tomato

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang-Di Hu ◽  
Xiao-Yue Zhang ◽  
Gai-Fang Yao ◽  
Yu-Lei Rong ◽  
Chen Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Chlorophyll Degradation ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Tomato Fruit Ripening ◽  
Ethylene Signaling Pathway ◽  
Cysteine Desulfhydrase

AbstractHydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gaseous signaling molecule that plays multiple roles in plant development. However, whether endogenous H2S plays a role in fruit ripening in tomato is still unknown. In this study, we show that the H2S-producing enzyme l-cysteine desulfhydrase SlLCD1 localizes to the nucleus. By constructing mutated forms of SlLCD1, we show that the amino acid residue K24 of SlLCD1 is the key amino acid that determines nuclear localization. Silencing of SlLCD1 by TRV-SlLCD1 accelerated fruit ripening and reduced H2S production compared with the control. A SlLCD1 gene-edited mutant obtained through CRISPR/Cas9 modification displayed a slightly dwarfed phenotype and accelerated fruit ripening. This mutant also showed increased cysteine content and produced less H2S, suggesting a role of SlLCD1 in H2S generation. Chlorophyll degradation and carotenoid accumulation were enhanced in the SlLCD1 mutant. Other ripening-related genes that play roles in chlorophyll degradation, carotenoid biosynthesis, cell wall degradation, ethylene biosynthesis, and the ethylene signaling pathway were enhanced at the transcriptional level in the lcd1 mutant. Total RNA was sequenced from unripe tomato fruit treated with exogenous H2S, and transcriptome analysis showed that ripening-related gene expression was suppressed. Based on the results for a SlLCD1 gene-edited mutant and exogenous H2S application, we propose that the nuclear-localized cysteine desulfhydrase SlLCD1 is required for endogenous H2S generation and participates in the regulation of tomato fruit ripening.

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