Risk Mitigation and Control

1999 ◽  
pp. 334-353
Author(s):  
Jan Erik Vinnem
Keyword(s):  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
And Control

Ground Adaptability Characterization for Digging in Complex Geotechnical Conditions and Risk Mitigation

2011 ◽  
Vol 415-417 ◽  
pp. 1431-1434
Author(s):  
Wei Wei Yu ◽  
Xuan Guo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Tunnel Construction ◽  
Soil Pressure ◽  
Ground Movements ◽  
Construction Risk ◽  
And Control ◽  
Methods Of Control

Characterization of geotechnical digging and control the dynamical settlement is very necessary to mitigate construction risk. The metro tunnels of being constructed access to each other or near to the ground is high risk and physically difficult and costly. The control method becomes imperative. Some cases of digging prediction of ground movements and assessment of risk of damage to above or adjacent constructions have become an important issue especially in urban projec. Ground adaptability characterization is the key of control the tunneling in complex geotechnical conditions both in rock and soft stratum. High and changed water-soil pressure also is risk factors to effect tunneling process. Beside discussion of risk mitigation associate to tunnel construction, the developing settlement control and simulations are given to describe the methods of control risk.

scholarly journals Systemic Management of Pandemic Risks in Dental Practice: A Consolidated Framework for COVID-19 Control in Dentistry

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habib Benzian ◽  
Eugenio Beltrán-Aguilar ◽  
Richard Niederman
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Healthcare Setting ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Health Administration ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Clinical Responses ◽  
And Control ◽  
The U.S

Dental teams and their workplaces are among the most exposed to airborne and bloodborne infectious agents, and therefore at the forefront of pandemic-related changes to how dental care is organized and provided to patients. The increasing complexity of guidelines makes is challenging for clinicians to navigate the multitude of COVID-19 guidelines issued by different agencies. A comparative analysis of guidance issued for managing COVID-19 in dental settings leading U.S. agencies was conducted, including documents of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), an agency of the U.S. Secretary of Labor, and of the U.S. Centers for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC), an agency of the U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services. Details of infection control and other risk mitigation measures were reviewed for consistency, overlaps and similarities, then clustered according to thematic areas covering all domains of managing a dental healthcare setting. The analysis revealed five distinct areas of pandemic control, comprising (1) planning and protocols, (2) patient screening, (3) preparation of facilities, (4) PPE and infection control, and (5) procedures and aerosol control; thereby covering systematically all aspects requiring adaptation in a pandemic context. The “Pandemic-5 Framework for COVID-19 Control in Dentistry” provides an opportunity to simplify comprehensive decision-making from a clinical practitioner perspective. The framework supports a comprehensive systems-driven approach by using dental clinics as a setting to integrate pandemic clinical responses with the implementation of appropriate infection control protocols. Traditionally these two aspects are addressed independently from each other in separate concepts.

The role of vaccination in risk mitigation and control of Newcastle disease in poultry

Vaccine ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (44) ◽  
pp. 5974-5980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo Mayers ◽  
Karen L. Mansfield ◽  
Ian H. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals A Predictive Modelling Framework for COVID-19 Transmission to Inform the Management of Mass Events

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Donnat ◽  
Freddy Bunbury ◽  
Jack Kreindler ◽  
Filippos T. Filippidis ◽  
Austen El-Osta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Predictive Modelling ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Risk Models ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Public Events ◽  
Modelling Framework ◽  
Main Components ◽  
And Control

Modelling COVID-19 transmission at live events and public gatherings is essential to evaluate and control the probability of subsequent outbreaks. Model estimates can be used to inform event organizers about the possibility of super-spreading and the predicted efficacy of safety protocols, as well as to communicate to participants their personalised risk so that they may choose whether to attend. Yet, despite the fast-growing body of literature on COVID transmission dynamics, current risk models either neglect contextual information on vaccination rates or disease prevalence or do not attempt to quantitatively model transmission, thus limiting their potential to provide insightful estimates. This paper attempts to bridge this gap by providing informative risk metrics for live public events, along with a measure of their associated uncertainty. Starting with a thorough review of the literature and building upon existing models, our approach ties together three main components: (a) reliable modelling of the number of infectious cases at the time of the event, (b) evaluation of the efficiency of pre-event screening and risk mitigation protocols, and (c) modelling the transmission dynamics during the event. We demonstrate how uncertainty in the input parameters can be included in the model using Monte Carlo simulations. We discuss the underlying assumptions and limitations of our approach and implications for policy around live events management.

scholarly journals Changes Required to Sustain a Best Value Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Antoinette Bos ◽  
Dean Kashiwagi ◽  
Isaac Kashiwagi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Professional Services ◽  
Main Stream ◽  
Full Time ◽  
State University ◽  
Arizona State University ◽  
Best Value ◽  
Private Entity ◽  
And Control

The BV environment was introduced into the Netherlands in 2004. By 2008 testing was being done by a partnership between Arizona State University and Scenter (private entity led by Sicco Santema). In 2010, the $1B fast track projects were procured by the Rijkswaterstaat, using the Best Value Procurement. By 2015, instead of the BV approach being treated as just another option, NEVI, the Dutch professional procurement group (third largest procurement group in the world) designated the Best Value Procurement as one of the main stream procurement approaches, and hired a full time Director to guide their Best Value Procurement training programs. However, in three major areas: IT delivery, professional services and the medical arena, buyers and larger-traditional vendors were having difficulty adapting to the approach. The BV approach utilizes the expertise of experts to replace the need for owner management, direction and control (MDC). However, a stumbling block occurred, when a “Best Value” vendor was selected, but did not have their detailed plan as a baseline from which they could identify risk that was outside of their control, their risk mitigation plan, and a simple way to create transparency to help the client/user. This is a case study that shows how the Best Value Approach was requiring a paradigm shift with both the user and the vendor, which neither party was well-prepared for.

Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) and the Brazilian Efforts to Overcome the Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 189-194
Author(s):  
Eduardo Chumbinho de Andrade ◽  
Eduardo Augusto Girardi ◽  
Eduardo Sanches Stuchi ◽  
Alecio Souza Moreira ◽  
Juliana Freitas-Astua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Citrus Groves ◽  
Citrus Production ◽  
Control And Management ◽  
And Control

Recorded in Brazil since 2004, Huanglongbing (HLB), or simply Greening, is the most impacting disease in citrus production worldwide. It induces qualitative and quantitative losses in production, but also can be lethal to the infected citrus plant. The disease is caused by phloem-limited bacteria with three identified species, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), Ca. L. africanus (CLaf), and Ca. L. americanus (CLam). CLas and CLam are reported in Brazil, being vectored by the Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri. HLB-infected citrus exhibit blotchy mottling with green islands on leaves, and small and lopsided fruits. As the infection progresses, excessive fruit drop and dead branches are frequently observed, shortening the trees' lifespan and reducing fruit yield and quality. HLB occurrence is restricted to the States of São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul and Paraná, which corresponds to more than 85% of citrus production in Brazil. Although citrus production is concentrated in these states, commercial citrus groves are present in 85% of the microregions of Brazil, reinforcing the economic and social importance of citrus for the country. Thus, in addition to the economic damage already caused to the national citrus industry, the spread of HLB to other regions of Brazil represents a great risk to the economic and food security of these non-affected regions. For this reason, the management of HLB is supported by legislative force, both at the federal and state levels. In 2008, based on scientific knowledge at the time, the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture published a Normative Instruction 53 (IN53) which established criteria related to HLB surveillance and control, imposing the obligation to carry out periodic phytosanitary inspections, eradication of symptomatic hosts and planting HLB-free nursery trees. The implementation of IN53 has already resulted in the eradication of 55.5 million HLB-infected citrus plants in the State of São Paulo alone in the period from 2007 to 2019. In May 2021, IN53 was revoked and Portaria 317 was published. This new policy establishes the National Programme for HLB Prevention and Control. It addresses the problem according to the HLB status in each State, with or without the disease, and sets the general guidelines for local control actions.<br/> In view of the economic importance and complexity of this pathosystem, the disease has required concerted mobilization of the research community and inter-institutional cooperation, which has been working intensively to understand all the components directly and indirectly involved with the pathosystem. Also, a major cooperation effort is needed to gather all the information to develop and/or improve technologies and cultural practices to fight the disease better and reduce its impacts as much as possible. Here we present some of these efforts which are being carried out to develop short, medium and long term solutions for HLB control and management in areas of occurrence, as well as for surveillance and risk mitigation in non-affected areas.

Environmental impact assessment and control of pharmaceuticals: the role of environmental agencies

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.E. Adler ◽  
J. Koschorreck ◽  
B. Rechenberg
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Ethinyl Estradiol ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Federal Environment Agency ◽  
Environment Agency ◽  
And Control ◽  
Environmental Agencies

In 2005, the new legislation for pharmaceuticals came into effect. Since then environmental risk assessments are required for all new marketing authorisation applications. The German Federal Environment Agency has been assessing the environmental impact of 136 veterinary and 134 human pharmaceuticals. The authorisation of pharmaceuticals has shown that the authorisation of some groups of substances have to be combined with risk mitigation measures. Environmental risks may also arise from those pharmaceuticals which were authorised before the environmental risk assessment was added to the requirements of authorisation. Four examples of “existing” pharmaceuticals, i.e. diclofenac, ethinyl estradiol, ivermectin, and florfenicol are highlighted in this article. Risk management options for veterinary and human pharmaceuticals are discussed.

scholarly journals Risk Mitigation in a Meat Supply Chain with Options of Redirection

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 8690
Author(s):  
David Bogataj ◽  
Domen Hudoklin ◽  
Marija Bogataj ◽  
Vlado Dimovski ◽  
Simon Colnar
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Time Delays ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Time To Failure ◽  
And Control

The aim of this paper is to present how a higher income can be achieved by developing a broader and more accurate planning framework and control perishability from stable to fork if it is possible to redirect the shipments in the case of increasing perishability dynamics or longer time delays on the roads. It also gives the answer to the question of how such a Supply Chain (SC) can be evaluated using Net Present Value (NPV) approach. The procedures include a real-time calculation and communication about the remaining shelf life (RSL) during transportation and other logistic manipulations from one chain node to another if the time to exceed the contractually stipulated Customer Remaining Shelf Life (CRSL) is distributed by known distribution. Planning and control on the skeleton of the extended material requirements planning (MRP) model are advised, where time delays and their impact on the CRSL can be easily calculated. The changes in the NPV at contractually stipulated CRSL are calculated dynamically in real-time. Smart devices, tracking temperature, humidity, and gas concentration enable such reports immediately after detecting a high probability that CRSL, as stipulated in a contract, will not be achieved, based on the known parameters of the exponential distribution of the remaining shelf life as a time to failure at each node of the graph. The model includes possibilities to deliver the meat to the local market or to the reverse logistics plants in the nodes of the remaining route, if the expected contractually stipulated CRSL becomes too high. On this way, shortening unnecessary routes further contributes to less pollution.

scholarly journals Multipurpose Use of Artificial Channel Networks for Flood Risk Reduction: The Case of the Waterway Padova–Venice (Italy)

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Alvise Mel ◽  
Daniele Pietro Viero ◽  
Luca Carniello ◽  
Luigi D’Alpaos
Keyword(s):  
Flood Risk ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Venice Lagoon ◽  
Computationally Efficient ◽  
Channel Networks ◽  
Control Structures ◽  
Pump Stations ◽  
And Control

Many rivers are increasingly threatened by extreme floods, and effective strategies for flood risk mitigation are difficult to pursue, especially in highly urbanized areas. A flexible and multipurpose use of the complex networks of artificial channels that typically cross these regions can play a role in flood risk mitigation. A relevant example concerns the possible completion of a waterway from Padova to the Venice Lagoon, in North-Eastern Italy. Once completed, the waterway can boost shipping (which is considerably more climate and environment friendly than road transport), can lead to a urban re-composition of the territory and, serving as a diversion canal for the Brenta River, can reduce hydraulic hazard as well. The goal of the present work was to assess this last point. To this purpose, the 2DEF hydrodynamic model was used to reproduce the complex Brenta–Bacchiglione river network. This network includes river reaches, diversion canals, bed sills, pump stations, and control structures that assures the proper operation of the system in case of flood events. The mixed Eulerian–Lagrangian, semi-implicit formulation of the model provided accurate and computationally efficient results for subcritical regimes. The model results showed that the waterway can divert a significant part of the Brenta floodwaters toward the Venice Lagoon, thus reducing flood hazard in the Brenta River downstream of Padova. The benefits also extend to the Bacchiglione River, whose floodwaters can be diverted into the Brenta River through an existing flood canal; indeed, the waterway withdrawal produces a drawdown profile in the Brenta River that allows diverting larger flow rates from the Bacchiglione River as well. Finally, by conveying the sediment-laden floodwaters of the Brenta River within the Venice Lagoon, the waterway could contribute to counteract the generalized erosion affecting the lagoon.

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