Occupying Seats, Occupying Space, Occupying Time: Deaf Young Adults in Vocational Training Centers in Bangalore, India

2016 ◽  
pp. 209-223
Author(s):  
Michele Friedner
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Vocational Training

scholarly journals Do social inequalities in smoking differ by immigration status in young adults?

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Kalubi ◽  
Z Tchouaga ◽  
A Ghenadenik ◽  
J O'Loughlin ◽  
K L Frohlich
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Vocational Training ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Preventive Intervention ◽  
School Education ◽  
High School Education ◽  
Social Gradient ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background Tobacco use accounts for half the difference in life expectancy across groups of low and high socioeconomic status. The objective was to assess whether social inequalities in smoking in Canada-born young adults are also apparent among same-age immigrants, a group often viewed as disadvantaged and vulnerable to multiple health issues. Methods Data were drawn from the Interdisciplinary Study of Inequalities in Smoking, a longitudinal investigation of social inequalities in smoking in Montreal, Canada. The sample included 2,077 young adults age 18-25 (56.6% female; 18.9% immigrants). Immigrants had been in Canada 11.6 (SD 6.4) years on average. The association between level of education and current smoking was examined separately in immigrants and non-immigrants in multivariate logistic regression analyses controlling for covariates. Results Twenty percent of immigrants were current smokers compared to 24% of non-immigrants. In immigrants, relative to those who were university-educated, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval) for current smoking was 1.2 (0.6, 2.3) among those with pre-university or vocational training, and 1.5 (0.7, 2.9) among those with high school education only. In non-immigrants, the adjusted ORs were 1.9 (1.4, 2.5) among those with pre-university or vocational training and 4.0 (2.9, 5.5) among those with high school education. Conclusions Despite a mean of over 10 years in Canada, young adults who immigrated to Canada did not manifest the strong social gradient in smoking apparent in non-immigrants. Identification of factors that protect immigrants from manifesting marked social inequalities in smoking could inform the development of smoking preventive intervention sensitive to social inequalities in smoking. Key messages A social gradient in smoking apparent in Canada-born young adults was not observed in same-age immigrants. Factors that protect immigrants against social inequalities in smoking should be identified.

Governing Young Poor in Switzerland and Reinforcing Their Work Ethics

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-497
Author(s):  
Yann Bochsler
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Vocational Training ◽  
Vocational Education And Training ◽  
Moral Justification ◽  
Integration Step ◽  
Policy Field ◽  
Policy Shift ◽  
Political Alignment ◽  
And Training

Abstract The present research deals with the policies directed at young adults on social assistance (YAS) without vocational training and the way implementers themselves as well as the YAS perceive policy implementation. In Switzerland, a currently on-going strategic shift in the policy field of welfare and youth policies has renewed emphasis on vocational education and training (VET) as a first and primary integration step. This policy shift has implications for the socio-political alignment of the cantonal administration. As a guideline, the renewed emphasis on “education first” dictates an approach that follows an economic and paternalistic logic. Building on collected data within cantonal administrations (Basel-City and Geneva) and encounters with YAS, this paper discusses the underlying narratives of these policies and their moral justification patterns.

scholarly journals Do Social Inequalities in Smoking Differ by Immigration Status in Young Adults Living in an Urban Setting? Findings From the Interdisciplinary Study of Inequalities in Smoking

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 1179173X2097272
Author(s):  
Jodi Kalubi ◽  
Zobelle Tchouaga ◽  
Adrian Ghenadenik ◽  
Jennifer O’Loughlin ◽  
Katherine L Frohlich
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Vocational Training ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
High School Education ◽  
University Education ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Interdisciplinary Study

Objectives: We assessed whether social inequalities in smoking observed among young adults born in Canada were also apparent in same-age immigrants. Methods: Data were drawn from an investigation of social inequalities in smoking conducted in an urban setting (Montreal, Canada). The sample included 2077 young adults age 18 to 25 (56.6% female; 18.9% immigrants who had lived in Canada 11.6 (SD 6.4) years on average). The association between education and current smoking was examined in multivariable logistic regression analyses conducted separately in young adults born in Canada and in immigrants. Results: About 19.5% of immigrants were current smokers compared to 23.8% of young adults born in Canada. In immigrants, relative to those with university education, the adjusted odds ratios (OR) (95% confidence interval) for current smoking were 1.2 (0.6, 2.3) among those with pre-university/vocational training and 1.5 (0.7, 2.9) among those with high school education. In non-immigrants, the adjusted ORs were 1.9 (1.4, 2.5) among those with pre-university/vocational training and 4.0 (2.9, 5.5) among those with high school. Conclusion: Young adults who had immigrated to Canada did not manifest the strong social gradient in smoking apparent in young adults born in Canada. Increased understanding of the underpinnings of this difference could inform development of interventions that aim to reduce social inequalities in smoking.

Jugendliche ausländischer Herkunft beim Übergang in die Berufsausbildung: VomWollen, Können und Dürfen / Young Adults with Immigrant Background and Their Transition to the German System of Vocational Training. The Role of Preferences, Resources, and Opportunities

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Diehl ◽  
Michael Friedrich ◽  
Anja Hall
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Vocational Training ◽  
Immigrant Background ◽  
Berufliche Ausbildung ◽  
German System

ZusammenfassungAnhand gepoolter Datensätze dreier Schulabgängerbefragungen des Bundesinstituts für Berufsbildung (BIBB) wird der Frage nach dem Grad und den Ursachen der Benachteiligung Jugendlicher ausländischer Herkunft beim Zugang zu Ausbildungsplätzen nachgegangen. Es wird untersucht, welche Rolle folgende Unterschiede zwischen Ausbildungsplatzsuchenden deutscher und ausländischer Herkunft spielen: ihre Präferenzen für eine bestimmte berufliche Ausbildung, ihre Ausstattung mit arbeitsmarktrelevanten Ressourcen sowie ihnen offen stehende Opportunitäten auf dem Ausbildungsstellenmarkt. Dabei zeigt sich erstens, dass vor allem männliche Jugendliche ausländischer Herkunft deutlich geringere Chancen haben, einen Ausbildungsplatz zu finden, als Jugendliche deutscher Herkunft. Dies gilt weitgehend unabhängig davon, welchen Wunschberuf sie verfolgen, welchen Schulabschluss sie besitzen und welche Erstsprache sie gelernt haben. Auch Unterschiede in ihren Suchstrategien nach einem Ausbildungsplatz scheinen wenig zur Erklärung dieses Phänomens beizutragen, zumal diese bei den Gruppen kaum differieren. Die Analysen belegen zweitens, dass selbst diejenigen Jugendlichen ausländischer Herkunft, die einen Ausbildungsplatz gefunden haben, nur halb so oft in ihrem „Wunschberuf“ ausgebildet werden wie deutsche Jugendliche. Nicht zuletzt der starke Unterschied zwischen Mädchen und Jungen mit Migrationshintergrund spricht dafür, dass Diskriminierungsprozesse seitens der Arbeitgeber bei der Vergabe von Ausbildungsplätzen möglicherweise eine größere Rolle spielen als bei anderen Dimensionen der Arbeitsmarktintegration. Dies steht vermutlich im Zusammenhang mit Spezifika des Ausbildungsstellenmarktes, der durch eine vergleichsweise geringe Produktivität der Ausbildungsplatzsuchenden und eine Knappheit an Ausbildungsplätzen gekennzeichnet ist.

Care Leaving and the Transition Jungle in Germany

2019 ◽  
pp. 297-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Severine Thomas ◽  
Carolin Ehlke ◽  
Josef Koch ◽  
Wolfgang Schröer
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Residential Care ◽  
Vocational Training ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Public Welfare ◽  
The Public ◽  
Care Leavers ◽  
Status Passage

This chapter presents the situation of care leavers in Germany within a so-called transition jungle and illustrates the difficulties of transitioning of young adults from residential care to independent living, focusing especially on education and access to vocational training and employment. Leaving care can be understood as a status passage in young people’s lives, during which the public welfare system produces accelerated transitions into adult life. This acceleration restricts the space and time available for individual transitions and processes of development, especially in the transition to work. The chapter will also outline two models of good practice and describe how care leavers can be supported within their transition to vocational training and work.

Assessing Personal Initiative among Vocational Training Students: Development and Validation of a New Measure

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nekane Balluerka ◽  
Arantxa Gorostiaga ◽  
Imanol Ulacia
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
External Validity ◽  
Vocational Training ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
The Self ◽  
Academic Environment ◽  
Personal Initiative ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
And Control ◽  
Educational Field

AbstractPersonal initiative characterizes people who are proactive, persistent and self-starting when facing the difficulties that arise in achieving goals. Despite its importance in the educational field there is a scarcity of measures to assess students’ personal initiative. Thus, the aim of the present study was to develop a questionnaire to assess this variable in the academic environment and to validate it for adolescents and young adults. The sample comprised 244 vocational training students. The questionnaire showed a factor structure including three factors (Proactivity-Prosocial behavior, Persistence and Self-Starting) with acceptable indices of internal consistency (ranging between α = .57 and α =.73) and good convergent validity with respect to the Self-Reported Initiative scale. Evidence of external validity was also obtained based on the relationships between personal initiative and variables such as self-efficacy, enterprising attitude, responsibility and control aspirations, conscientiousness, and academic achievement. The results indicate that this new measure is very useful for assessing personal initiative among vocational training students.

Using Check-In/Check-Out in Vocational Training for Young Adults With Intellectual Disability

2021 ◽  
pp. 216514342110419
Author(s):  
Olivia R. Hester ◽  
Nicole C. Swoszowski
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Performance Feedback ◽  
Vocational Training ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Transition Studies

Few transition studies have involved training supervisors on interacting and relaying feedback to individuals with intellectual disability during vocational training. We used a multiple baseline across participants design to examine the efficacy of an adaptive check-in/check-out (CICO) intervention for increasing the rate of performance feedback statements given by a supervisor to an intern with an intellectual disability during vocational training. The CICO intervention was effective at increasing the rate of performance feedback statements given by each supervisor. We recommend research and practice focused on training supervisors to use the CICO intervention to assist in helping foster natural job supports.

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