scholarly journals Do Social Inequalities in Smoking Differ by Immigration Status in Young Adults Living in an Urban Setting? Findings From the Interdisciplinary Study of Inequalities in Smoking

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 1179173X2097272
Author(s):  
Jodi Kalubi ◽  
Zobelle Tchouaga ◽  
Adrian Ghenadenik ◽  
Jennifer O’Loughlin ◽  
Katherine L Frohlich
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Vocational Training ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
High School Education ◽  
University Education ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Interdisciplinary Study

Objectives: We assessed whether social inequalities in smoking observed among young adults born in Canada were also apparent in same-age immigrants. Methods: Data were drawn from an investigation of social inequalities in smoking conducted in an urban setting (Montreal, Canada). The sample included 2077 young adults age 18 to 25 (56.6% female; 18.9% immigrants who had lived in Canada 11.6 (SD 6.4) years on average). The association between education and current smoking was examined in multivariable logistic regression analyses conducted separately in young adults born in Canada and in immigrants. Results: About 19.5% of immigrants were current smokers compared to 23.8% of young adults born in Canada. In immigrants, relative to those with university education, the adjusted odds ratios (OR) (95% confidence interval) for current smoking were 1.2 (0.6, 2.3) among those with pre-university/vocational training and 1.5 (0.7, 2.9) among those with high school education. In non-immigrants, the adjusted ORs were 1.9 (1.4, 2.5) among those with pre-university/vocational training and 4.0 (2.9, 5.5) among those with high school. Conclusion: Young adults who had immigrated to Canada did not manifest the strong social gradient in smoking apparent in young adults born in Canada. Increased understanding of the underpinnings of this difference could inform development of interventions that aim to reduce social inequalities in smoking.

scholarly journals Do social inequalities in smoking differ by immigration status in young adults?

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Kalubi ◽  
Z Tchouaga ◽  
A Ghenadenik ◽  
J O'Loughlin ◽  
K L Frohlich
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Vocational Training ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Preventive Intervention ◽  
School Education ◽  
High School Education ◽  
Social Gradient ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background Tobacco use accounts for half the difference in life expectancy across groups of low and high socioeconomic status. The objective was to assess whether social inequalities in smoking in Canada-born young adults are also apparent among same-age immigrants, a group often viewed as disadvantaged and vulnerable to multiple health issues. Methods Data were drawn from the Interdisciplinary Study of Inequalities in Smoking, a longitudinal investigation of social inequalities in smoking in Montreal, Canada. The sample included 2,077 young adults age 18-25 (56.6% female; 18.9% immigrants). Immigrants had been in Canada 11.6 (SD 6.4) years on average. The association between level of education and current smoking was examined separately in immigrants and non-immigrants in multivariate logistic regression analyses controlling for covariates. Results Twenty percent of immigrants were current smokers compared to 24% of non-immigrants. In immigrants, relative to those who were university-educated, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval) for current smoking was 1.2 (0.6, 2.3) among those with pre-university or vocational training, and 1.5 (0.7, 2.9) among those with high school education only. In non-immigrants, the adjusted ORs were 1.9 (1.4, 2.5) among those with pre-university or vocational training and 4.0 (2.9, 5.5) among those with high school education. Conclusions Despite a mean of over 10 years in Canada, young adults who immigrated to Canada did not manifest the strong social gradient in smoking apparent in non-immigrants. Identification of factors that protect immigrants from manifesting marked social inequalities in smoking could inform the development of smoking preventive intervention sensitive to social inequalities in smoking. Key messages A social gradient in smoking apparent in Canada-born young adults was not observed in same-age immigrants. Factors that protect immigrants against social inequalities in smoking should be identified.

Selling a gun to a stranger without a background check: acceptable behaviour?

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hemenway ◽  
Deborah Azrael ◽  
Matthew Miller
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Firm Growth ◽  
High School Education ◽  
Representative Survey ◽  
Background Checks ◽  
Online Panel ◽  
Background Check ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Strongly Agree

ObjectiveOne way that guns get into the wrong hands is via gun sales without a background check. While the large majority of Americans support laws requiring universal background checks, no prior study has assessed whether Americans think it is acceptable behaviour to sell a gun to a stranger without a background check, whether or not there is a law against it.MethodsWe sponsored a nationally representative survey of over 3900 American adults, oversampling gun owners, using an online panel provided by the survey firm Growth for Knowledge.ResultsOver 72% of American adults agree or strongly agree with the statement that ‘whether it is legal or not, it is NOT acceptable to sell a gun to a stranger without a background check’ and 11% disagree or strongly disagree. Subgroups less likely to agree are young adults, men, conservatives, those with less than a high school education and gun owners.ConclusionReducing the number of guns sold without a background check could help reduce the flow of guns to felons. Changes in normative attitudes and behaviours, as well as changes in law, could help accomplish this goal. Most Americans, including gun owners, believe selling a gun to a stranger without a background check is not acceptable behaviour.

Reorganização Curricular da Escola Estadual Heronides Araújo: Articulação Entre o Ensino Médio e a Educação Profissionalizante

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Laura Isabel Marques Vasconcelos de Almeida ◽  
Camila Rodrigues Viana Ferreira ◽  
Marta Maria Gama
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Vocational Education ◽  
Vocational Training ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Field Research ◽  
High School Education ◽  
Pedagogical Practices ◽  
State School ◽  
Technological Education ◽  
Training Policy

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a articulação das práticas pedagógicas decorrentes da Matriz Curricular Nacional para o Ensino Médio da Escola Estadual Heronides Araújo e sua articulação com o Centro de Educação Profissional e Tecnológica – CEPROTEC. O embasamento dessa articulação é a Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação (LDB) nº. 9394/96 e as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais do Ensino Médio, desenvolvido por meio da pesquisa de campo, com abordagem metodológica qualitativa. O estudo aponta que apesar da possibilidade de integração entre a formação básica do estudante e a formação profissionalizante, a política de educação profissional ainda processa-se mediante programas focais e contingentes numa travessia marcada por intensos conflitos e no terreno da contradição.Palavras-chave: Educação Profissionalizante. Ensino Médio. Práticas Pedagógicas. Escola Estadual Heronides Araújo.AbstractThis article aims to analyze the articulation of pedagogical practices arising out of the National Curricular Matrix for High school of Heronides Araújo State School and its articulation with the Center of Vocational and Technological Education - CEPROTEC. The basis of this articulation  is the Education Guidelines and Bases Law  (LDB) number 9394/96 and the National Curricular Guidelines of the High School education, developed by means of field research, with a qualitative methodological approach. The study points out that despite the possibility of integration between the student’s basic formation and the vocational training policy, vocational education is still processed through focal and uncertain programs in a journey marked by intense conflict and on the ground of contradiction.Keywords: Vocational Education. High School. Pedagogical Practices. Heronides Araújo State School.

scholarly journals University and science in Serbia in context of Europe’s integration

2006 ◽  
pp. 115-126
Author(s):  
Marinko Lolic
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Education ◽  
University Education ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Primary Target ◽  
Dominant Position ◽  
The Third ◽  
Intellectual Elite ◽  
European Universities ◽  
Third Phase

Author considering, appearing and existing modern idea about university like one of the most important institution of knowledge which is arise in modern epoch. In this work particular attention will be initiated on considered different ideas and conception university which were before so-called Himbolt?s idea of university which has global disposition and which is in the last two centuries regardless on period of crisis, had dominant position in contemporary high school education.. The second part of work is consecrated on analysis constitute the first Serbian university. In this part of work will be analyze different treatise and projects of university which are during 19. and on the beginning of 20. century arise in circle of Serbian intellectual elite in which are essentially influence at form of institutionally profile the first Serbian university. The third part of work surround there different phase of develop on university and university education in Serbia in XX and on the beginning of XXI century. The first phase present the time between two war; the second phase is consecrate the time of and the third phase consecrate the last decade of XX and the first decade of XXI century in which are tempestuous changes in society announce new searching and fundamental over questioning the state in our high school institution with primary target that theirs work coordinate with standard of European universities and that way accomplish theirs integration in net of European universities.

scholarly journals Prison andragogy or learning opportunities in Hungarian prisons

2020 ◽  
pp. 147-161
Author(s):  
Attila Károly-Molnár ◽  
Mária Kraiciné-Szokoly
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Vocational Training ◽  
Learning Opportunities ◽  
School Education ◽  
Prison Education ◽  
High School Education ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Prison Life ◽  
Functional Learning

Successful reintegration is the goal of prison education in Hungarian penitentiaries. Prisons support prisoners with primary school education, high school education, and vocational training. These forms of learning within prison are implemented to prepare prisoners for their release, so they can integrate into the labor market afterwards (Penal Act CCXL, 2013). In the context of successful reintegration, we assume that prisoners are capable of being trained. Based on this supposition, three studies were conducted on learning and education in prison at Eötvös Loránd University Doctoral School. First, theoretical research was conducted about prison: the learning possibilities of prison, examining what it provides, what it allows, what it prevents. Second, a survey was conducted on some prisoners' perceptions of their learning opportunities. Third, an interview was carried out that has examined the perceptions of prison learning with some educators teaching in the penitentiary. Our studies on prison learning have confirmed some of our hypotheses reflected in the following statements. In Hungary, the training of prisoners is an essential part of prison life, furthermore, education can be implemented through pieces of training that can be essential tools for personal development in prison. Although most prisoners look for learning opportunities, the way they approach learning is seemingly different. Teachers who work in prison say there is a huge possibility in educating prisoners, but they would require more tools and a more functional learning environment in order to do their best.

Association of BMI Changes Between Adolescence and Young Adulthood With Smoking Cessation

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-362
Author(s):  
Jerome F. Walker ◽  
Paul D. Loprinzi
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
High School Education ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Bmi Trajectories

Purpose: Weight gain frequently accompanies smoking cessation. This study examined if increasing body mass index (BMI) during the early years of smoking influences quitting by young adulthood. Design: Longitudinal, observational study using in-home interview data. Setting: National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent and Adult Health (Add Health) 1994 to 2008. Subjects: Nine hundred forty-nine adolescent smokers (12-19 years) followed into young adulthood (20-32 years) through 4 waves of in-home interviews. Measures: Outcome variable: Young adult smoking status (yes or no) reported at in-home interviews. Factors: Gender and 4 longitudinal adolescent/young adult BMI trajectories—normal/normal, normal/overweight, normal/obese, and overweight/obese. Covariates: Race-ethnicity, education, household income, and recent quit attempt in adolescence. Analysis: Binary logistic regression analysis. Results: Overall, the rate at which young adults quit smoking was not significantly different based on gender. However, longitudinal changes in BMI trajectory and gender interact to influence young adult smoking status. Women having normal/overweight and normal/obese BMI trajectories were less likely to quit smoking than men. Odds that young adults having some college or post-high school education quit smoking were greater than those with high school education or less. Conclusion: At a minimum, providing direct information regarding anticipated weight changes after quitting is indicated in smoking cessation intervention, in addition to strategies to mitigate postcessation weight gain. Faced with weight gain, younger smokers, particularly women, may be more resistant to quitting smoking.

scholarly journals The Effects of University Education on the Political Attitudes of Young Adults

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-40
Author(s):  
Eric Mintz
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Political Attitudes ◽  
High School Graduates ◽  
University Education ◽  
The Political

The attitudes of a panel of young adults in the Corner Brook, Newfoundland area on a variety of politically-relevant topics were examined over a two year period to measure the possible effects of a university education. Generally, those who attended university did not change significantly in their attitudes as compared to high school graduates who did not attend university.

scholarly journals A Proposed Curriculum for 5-years BDS Programme in Pakistan and its Comparison with the Curricula Suggested by PMDC and HEC

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (04) ◽  
pp. 169-171
Author(s):  
Farhan Raza Khan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Dental Education ◽  
High School Education ◽  
The Other ◽  
University Education ◽  
Dental School ◽  
Education Curriculum ◽  
Alternative Curriculum ◽  
Long Course ◽  
Dent Assoc

In Pakistan, whether to enforce a 4-year BDS course versus a 5-year course, is a matter of debate that warrants multiple deliberations. In USA and Canada, dentistry is 4-year long course but students can apply for admission into dental school only when they have already done 16 years of schooling (i.e. a 4-years of graduate university education is the pre-requisite). On the other hand, In UK & Ireland, students can apply for admission into dental colleges with 12-years of high school education. However, they follow a 5-years BDS programme. Similarly, there is much difference on the emphasis on various subjects taught in the dental programmes. This paper critically appraises the PMDC and HEC advised BDS curricula in Pakistan and suggests an alternative curriculum that is more balanced in terms of subject distribution, assessment and above all contemporary to cater the evolving needs of the dynamic discipline of dentistry. KEYWORDS: Dental; education; curriculum; Pakistan HOW TO CITE: Khan FR. A Proposed curriculum for 5-years BDS Programme in Pakistan and its comparison with the curricula suggested by PMDC and HEC. J Pak Dent Assoc 2020;29(4):169-171.

scholarly journals Geoheritage and Geodiversity Education in Romania: Formal and Non-Formal Analysis Based on Questionnaires

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9180
Author(s):  
Laura Comănescu ◽  
Alexandru Nedelea
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Extracurricular Activities ◽  
Formal Analysis ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
High School Education ◽  
University Education ◽  
University Teachers ◽  
Field Practice ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Practical Field

This paper aims to present how education for geoheritage and geodiversity should take place both in the school curriculum and in extracurricular activities at all levels of Romanian education (middle school, high school and university). The research method consisted in applying two questionnaires (10 questions, most with answers to choose from) both to pre-university teachers (especially those in geography) and students/graduates (especially from geography faculties in the country). The obtained results demonstrate the existence of two different visions: for middle and high school education, education on geoheritage and geodiversity takes place sometimes formally (based on curriculum hours according to the school’s decision) but predominantly informally (based on practical field applications), with most schools educationally limited in terms of environment/sustainable development; in contrast, university education on these subjects has a formal character (based on dedicated courses or field practice modules). The results, although encouraging for the moment, show that there is a need to intensify awareness and education on geoheritage and geodiversity at all levels, especially in higher education, by introducing specific courses/content at all universities in the country.

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