Colorimetric and Hydrophilicity Properties of White and Naturally Colored Organic Cotton Fibers Before and After Pretreatment Processes

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Ali Serkan Soydan ◽  
Arzu Yavas ◽  
Gizem Karakan Günaydin ◽  
Sema Palamutcu ◽  
Ozan Avinc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Fibers ◽  
Organic Cotton ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pretreatment Processes

Bleaching of hydroentangled greige cotton nonwoven fabrics without scouring

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (18) ◽  
pp. 1931-1938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Sawhney ◽  
Brian Condon ◽  
Chuck Allen ◽  
Michael Reynolds ◽  
Ryan Slopek
Keyword(s):  
Water Pressure ◽  
High Water ◽  
Nonwoven Fabric ◽  
Cotton Fibers ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Bleaching Process ◽  
Whiteness Index ◽  
Nonwoven Fabrics ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Index Value

Previous research had shown that processing greige cotton on a commercial-grade hydroentanglement (HE) system at a water pressure greater than 120 bar resulted in a low-weight hydrophilic nonwoven fabric. With that ability to make hydrophobic greige cotton easily wettable and hence absorbent without the conventional scouring phase, an investigation was conducted to determine whether a fabric made by hydroentangling greige cotton fibers at a high water pressure could be successfully bleached without the traditional scouring. The investigation involved production of greige cotton nonwoven fabrics at a low hydroentangling water pressure of 60 bar and at a high hydroentangling water pressure of 135 bar and their subsequent evaluations before and after scour only, one-stage bleach only, and two-stage scour and bleach. In the results, both the 60 bar and 135 bar fabrics bleached successfully in the two-stage bleaching process and yielded acceptable absorbency and whiteness values. However, when bleached in the single-stage bleaching process with no separate scour, the 135 bar fabric still produced the whiteness index almost equal to that obtained in the two-stage bleaching process and even equal to that of a fabric made with commercially scoured and bleached cotton fibers, but the 60 bar fabric yielded about 15% lower whiteness index value while its wettability-induced improved water absorbency still was comparable to that obtained via the two-stage bleaching. This shows that a hydroentangled greige cotton fabric produced at a high enough water pressure (hydro energy) could be bleached satisfactorily without the traditional scouring chemicals and that a fabric produced even at a lower water pressure and bleached without scouring could still be satisfactory for subsequent aqueous treatments for certain end-use applications where the whiteness may not be as critical as the absorbency.

Effect of color changes of naturally colored organic cotton fibers on human sensory perception

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 939-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahreum Han ◽  
Youngjoo Chae ◽  
Myungeun Lee ◽  
Gilsoo Cho
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Perception ◽  
Cotton Fibers ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Organic Cotton

Development of functional knitted fabrics using yarn composed of polypyrrole coated cotton fibers

2020 ◽  
pp. 152808372096074
Author(s):  
Veerakumar Arumugam ◽  
Andrey Lunchev ◽  
Yingsi Wu ◽  
Alfred Iing Yoong Tok ◽  
Vitali Lipik
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Cotton Fibers ◽  
Mechanical Stiffness ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Static Water ◽  
Lower Transmission ◽  
Coated Cotton

This study aimed at developing a knitted fabric using conductive staple spun yarn composed of polypyrrole coated cotton fibers and characterizing its thermal, optical and electrical properties, hydrophobic behavior as well as mechanical stiffness as a factor of weight percentage in fabrics. FTIR spectra, TGA and SEM verify that the polypyrrole ((PPy) has been successfully coated on cotton fibres before and after washing. The results showed that the fabrics containing polypyrrole had lower transmission and reflection percentage as compared with fabric without polypyrrole for wavelengths ranging from 200 to 20000 nm. At the investigated weight percentages, the thermal properties, hydrophobicity and electrical conductivity were found to be increased significantly with increasing amount of polypyrrole coated cotton fibers in the fabric. The thermal conductivity of fabrics with PPy coated fibers were found to be increased around 30-40%. The higher value of electrical conductivity (0.73 µS cm−1) was obtained in course direction and static water contact angle of 138° for fabric with higher polypyrrole content. The stiffness of the fabrics with PPy was found to increase about 10–20% in both wale wise and course wise directions with increase of polypyrrole coated cotton fibers in fabrics.

Performance Studying of Cotton Fibers before and after Cationic Modification

2012 ◽  
Vol 472-475 ◽  
pp. 1681-1685
Author(s):  
Ting Ting Zhang ◽  
Yan Ping Yu ◽  
Rui Yin Zhang ◽  
Chun Long Shen ◽  
Li Yu Ren
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Fibers ◽  
Cationic Modification ◽  
Before And After

This article inherits a paper themed as Cationic modification process's depth exploration of cotton fibers. In this paper, we will primarily discuss cotton fibers’ strength, fineness and other aspects of performance compared between before and after modification, as well as their usability.

Microscopic study of the surface morphology of CO2 laser-treated cotton and cotton/polyester blended fabric

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (9) ◽  
pp. 1107-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
On-na Hung ◽  
Chee-kooi Chan ◽  
Chi-wai Kan ◽  
Chun-wah Marcus Yuen
Keyword(s):  
Laser Treatment ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polyester Fabric ◽  
Cotton Fibers ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Yarn Twist ◽  
Polyester Fibers ◽  
Before And After

This paper presents how the morphology of fibers is affected by CO2 laser treatment. The change in morphology of fibers induced by a laser affects the physical and mechanical properties of the fabric, such as water absorption, dye uptake, resistance to wrinkles and adhesion to other materials, etc. The morphology of laser-treated fibers was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Samples of cotton twill fabric, cotton/polyester blended twill fabric and cotton knitted fabrics with different yarn counts were studied before and after laser treatment. SEM images reveal different sizes of pores and cracks on the surface of cotton fibers. In the case of cotton/polyester blended twill fabric, the two types of fibers responded differently to laser treatment; the change in cotton fibers was slightly different from the SEM images of 100% cotton twill fabric. The number of pores and cracks on the fiber surface of cotton/polyester fabric was lower than that found in 100% cotton twill fabric. Polyester fibers melt and flow while cotton fibers are encased in resolidified polyester. For 100% cotton knitted fabrics, the thickest yarn with the lowest yarn twist exhibited the largest change when compared with fabrics knitted with lower yarn counts. The degree of change of fiber surface modification was enhanced with an increase of laser processing variables.

Effect of Pressing on the Infrared Spectra of Single Cotton Fibers

2002 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 646-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Runying Chen ◽  
Kathryn A. Jakes
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Preparation Method ◽  
Cotton Fibers ◽  
Vibration Modes ◽  
Spectral Quality ◽  
Second Derivatives ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Qualitative Changes

Fourier transform infrared spectra of single fibers of cotton and 18% NaOH treated cotton were obtained before and after fiber pressing to investigate the effect of pressing on the sample. Pressing resulted in improved spectral quality in some regions (e.g., OH stretching) and deteriorated spectral quality in other regions (e.g., CH stretching). Second derivatives of these IR spectra reveal alterations in vibration modes. Thin immature cotton was included in this study to provide a comparison to fibers thinned by pressing. Infrared crystallinity indices, i.e., the ratio of A1370/A2900 differ between the pressed and unpressed cotton fibers. Because both quantitative and qualitative changes can result from compression of cotton fibers, caution is required in both selection of the sample preparation method and in interpretation of the infrared spectra.

Incremental Frictional Abrasion

1977 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 294-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy K. Elias ◽  
Carol L. Warfield ◽  
Ruth L. Galbraith
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Cotton Fiber ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Cotton Fibers ◽  
Fiber Fracture ◽  
Fiber Properties ◽  
Polyester Fibers ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Abrasion Damage

Three pairs of matched fabrics, 100% cotton broadcloth, 50% polyester/50% cotton broadcloth, and 65% polyester/ 35% cotton printcloth, were abraded in an Accelerotor. One fabric of each pair had a pure finish and one had a creaseresistant finish. Eight levels of abrasion were used in the study. Fiber length distributions and fiber tensile properties were analyzed before and after abrasion to determine the effect of the abrasion on these fiber properties and to determine the mechanism by which any damage occurred. The cotton fibers tended to break into shorter lengths as a result of abrasion. This tendency was most pronounced in the resin-finished polyester/cotton printcloth, which lost virtually all of its cotton fiber content. It appeared to be least pronounced in the resin-finished cotton broadcloth, which lost many of its shortest fibers but showed no significant decrease in the number of longer fibers. The polyester fibers in the blended broadcloths showed some reductions in fiber length as a result of abrasion, while those in the printcloths did not. There were progressively greater losses in strength of the remaining fibers for both polyester and cotton fibers as a result of increasing levels of abrasion. However, much of the abrasion damage sustained by the resin-finished blended fabrics appeared to be caused by cotton fiber fracture within the internal structure of the yarn because of the unequal elongation characteristics of the cotton and polyester fibers.

Deformation Replication

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 280-281
Author(s):  
J. Temple Black
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Rake Face ◽  
Orthogonal Machining ◽  
Aluminum Chips ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Glass Knife ◽  
Very High

Tool materials used in ultramicrotomy are glass, developed by Latta and Hartmann (1) and diamond, introduced by Fernandez-Moran (2). While diamonds produce more good sections per knife edge than glass, they are expensive; require careful mounting and handling; and are time consuming to clean before and after usage, purchase from vendors (3-6 months waiting time), and regrind. Glass offers an easily accessible, inexpensive material ($0.04 per knife) with very high compressive strength (3) that can be employed in microtomy of metals (4) as well as biological materials. When the orthogonal machining process is being studied, glass offers additional advantages. Sections of metal or plastic can be dried down on the rake face, coated with Au-Pd, and examined directly in the SEM with no additional handling (5). Figure 1 shows aluminum chips microtomed with a 75° glass knife at a cutting speed of 1 mm/sec with a depth of cut of 1000 Å lying on the rake face of the knife.

The Clinical, Roentgenological and Morphological Effects of an Acute Exposure of Phosgene on the Lungs of Dogs

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 236-237
Author(s):  
R. F. Bils ◽  
W. F. Diller ◽  
F. Huth
Keyword(s):  
Latent Period ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Lung Edema ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Electron Microscopes

Phosgene still plays an important role as a toxic substance in the chemical industry. Thiess (1968) recently reported observations on numerous cases of phosgene poisoning. A serious difficulty in the clinical handling of phosgene poisoning cases is a relatively long latent period, up to 12 hours, with no obvious signs of severity. At about 12 hours heavy lung edema appears suddenly, however changes can be seen in routine X-rays taken after only a few hours' exposure (Diller et al., 1969). This study was undertaken to correlate these early changes seen by the roengenologist with morphological alterations in the lungs seen in the'light and electron microscopes.Forty-two adult male and female Beagle dogs were selected for these exposure experiments. Treated animals were exposed to 94.5-107-5 ppm phosgene for 10 min. in a 15 m3 chamber. Roentgenograms were made of the thorax of each animal before and after exposure, up to 24 hrs.

Ultrastructure of Melanin Formation in Curvularia sp., Alternaria sp., and Drechslera Sorokiniana

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 398-399
Author(s):  
M. H. Wheeler ◽  
W. J. Tolmsoff ◽  
A. A. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Phosphate ◽  
Thielaviopsis Basicola ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Potassium Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Transmission Microscopy ◽  
Electron Transmission ◽  
Melanin Formation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Alternaria Sp ◽  
Electron Transmission Microscopy

(+)-Scytalone [3,4-dihydro-3,6,8-trihydroxy-l-(2Hj-naphthalenone] and 1,8-di- hydroxynaphthalene (DHN) have been proposed as intermediates of melanin synthesis in the fungi Verticillium dahliae (1, 2, 3, 4) and Thielaviopsis basicola (4, 5). Scytalone is enzymatically dehydrated by V. dahliae to 1,3,8-trihydroxynaphthalene which is then reduced to (-)-vermelone [(-)-3,4- dihydro-3,8-dihydroxy-1(2H)-naphthalenone]. Vermelone is subsequently dehydrated to DHN which is enzymatically polymerized to melanin.Melanin formation in Curvularia sp., Alternaria sp., and Drechslera soro- kiniana was examined by light and electron-transmission microscopy. Wild-type isolates of each fungus were compared with albino mutants before and after treatment with 1 mM scytalone or 0.1 mM DHN in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.0. Both chemicals were converted to dark pigments in the walls of hyphae and conidia of the albino mutants. The darkened cells were similar in appearance to corresponding cells of the wild types under the light microscope.

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