Cost-effectiveness of Optimizing a Network of Drone-Aided Healthcare Services in Rural Rwanda

2020 ◽  
pp. 139-147
Author(s):  
Chinasa I. Ikelu ◽  
Eugene C. Ezin
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Healthcare Services

Economic Efficiency and the Canadian Health Care System

2010 ◽  
pp. 13-25
Author(s):  
Asha B. Sadanand
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Canadian Health Care System ◽  
Medical Needs ◽  
Canadian Health ◽  
Canadian Health Care ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Second Price Auctions

In this chapter the authors examine the compatibility of the objectives of universality and public funding which are two important pillars of the Canadian healthcare system, with the objectives of cost effectiveness and more generally economic efficiency. The authors note that under some very innocuous conditions, markets and other economic based mechanisms such as second price auctions are characterized by economic efficiency and cost effectiveness. For the particular case of healthcare, some additional features that must be considered in the design of the mechanism are that healthcare services and products are valuable if, when taken together they constitute the components of a needed procedure, and otherwise they are worthless to the individual; and timely completion of procedures is what is valued, delays and waiting not only prolong suffering but may eventually prove to be more costly to the system if the condition worsens. They recommend a market-based mechanism, encompassing these features, that utilizes mobile agents representing patients and their medical needs. In order to incorporate the basic goals of universality and public funding, the agents will participate in virtual auctions using a needs based ranking as the currency for making bids.

The importance and cost-effectiveness of the MenB vaccine within healthcare services

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 153-155
Author(s):  
Gemma Harris
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Meningococcal Meningitis ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
The Cost ◽  
New Evidence

Gemma Harris looks at new evidence that survival rates of meningococcal B – one of the most common causes of meningococcal meningitis – are increasing, and discusses what needs to be done to improve this further and the cost-effectiveness of current treatment for the NHS.

Economic Efficiency and the Canadian Health Care System

2011 ◽  
pp. 1569-1581
Author(s):  
Asha B. Sadanand
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Canadian Health Care System ◽  
Medical Needs ◽  
Canadian Health ◽  
Canadian Health Care ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Second Price Auctions

In this chapter the authors examine the compatibility of the objectives of universality and public funding which are two important pillars of the Canadian healthcare system, with the objectives of cost effectiveness and more generally economic efficiency. The authors note that under some very innocuous conditions, markets and other economic based mechanisms such as second price auctions are characterized by economic efficiency and cost effectiveness. For the particular case of healthcare, some additional features that must be considered in the design of the mechanism are that healthcare services and products are valuable if, when taken together they constitute the components of a needed procedure, and otherwise they are worthless to the individual; and timely completion of procedures is what is valued, delays and waiting not only prolong suffering but may eventually prove to be more costly to the system if the condition worsens. They recommend a market-based mechanism, encompassing these features, that utilizes mobile agents representing patients and their medical needs. In order to incorporate the basic goals of universality and public funding, the agents will participate in virtual auctions using a needs based ranking as the currency for making bids.

A systematic review of the cost-effectiveness of interventions for supporting informal caregivers of people with dementia residing in the community

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carys Jones ◽  
Rhiannon Tudor Edwards ◽  
Barry Hounsome
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Informal Caregivers ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Item Checklist ◽  
The Cost

ABSTRACTBackground: Dementia places a huge demand on healthcare services; however, a large proportion of the cost is borne by informal caregivers. With the number of people affected by dementia set to increase in the future, there is a need for research to consider the effects of interventions on informal caregivers as well as on the individuals with dementia. This paper seeks to systematically review the existing evidence on the cost-effectiveness of interventions to support informal caregivers of people with dementia residing in the community.Methods: A range of electronic databases was searched. Studies were included if both costs and outcome measures for informal caregivers of people with dementia residing in the community were reported for an intervention. Both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions were included. Quality of study was assessed using the Drummond ten-item checklist for economic evaluations and results were presented through narrative synthesis.Results: Twelve studies were included in the review; of these only four reported a significant difference in the outcome measure for caregivers.Conclusions: At present few published studies report costs in enough detail to provide evidence of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of interventions for supporting caregivers. Future trials need to collect caregiver data alongside patient data in order to increase the evidence base for intervention effectiveness. Further research is required to establish the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of both pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches.

scholarly journals On the role of cost-effectiveness thresholds in healthcare priority setting

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Siverskog ◽  
Martin Henriksson
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Quality Adjusted Life Year ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Empirical Estimates ◽  
Equity And Efficiency ◽  
Quality Adjusted Life

Abstract In the past few years, empirical estimates of the marginal cost at which health care produces a quality-adjusted life year (QALY, k) have begun to emerge. In theory, these estimates could be used as cost-effectiveness thresholds by health-maximizing decision makers, but prioritization decisions in practice often include other considerations than just efficiency. Pharmaceutical reimbursement in Sweden is one such example, where the reimbursement authority (TLV) uses a threshold range to give priority to disease severity and rarity. In this paper, we argue that estimates of k should not be used to inform threshold ranges. Instead, they are better used directly in health technology assessment (HTA) to quantify how much health is forgone when a new technology is funded in place of other healthcare services. Using a recent decision made by TLV as a case, we show that an estimate of k for Sweden implies that reimbursement meant forgoing 8.6 QALYs for every QALY that was gained. Reporting cost-effectiveness evidence as QALYs forgone per QALY gained has several advantages: (i) it frames the decision as assigning an equity weight to QALYs gained, which is more transparent about the trade-off between equity and efficiency than determining a monetary cost per QALY threshold, (ii) it makes it less likely that decision makers neglect taking the opportunity cost of reimbursement into account by making it explicit, and (iii) it helps communicate the reason for sometimes denying reimbursement in a way that might be less objectionable to the public than current practice.

scholarly journals Health and economic benefits of achieving hepatitis C virus elimination in Pakistan: A modelling study and economic analysis

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. e1003818
Author(s):  
Aaron G. Lim ◽  
Nick Scott ◽  
Josephine G. Walker ◽  
Saeed Hamid ◽  
Margaret Hellard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Healthcare Management ◽  
Transmission Model ◽  
Economic Productivity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hcv Testing

Background Modelling suggests that achieving the WHO incidence target for hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination in Pakistan could cost US$3.87 billion over 2018 to 2030. However, the economic benefits from integrating services or improving productivity were not included. Methods and findings We adapt a HCV transmission model for Pakistan to estimate the impact, costs, and cost-effectiveness of achieving HCV elimination (reducing annual HCV incidence by 80% by 2030) with stand-alone service delivery, or partially integrating one-third of initial HCV testing into existing healthcare services. We estimate the net economic benefits by comparing the required investment in screening, treatment, and healthcare management to the economic productivity gains from reduced HCV-attributable absenteeism, presenteeism, and premature deaths. We also calculate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) per disability-adjusted life year (DALY) averted for HCV elimination versus maintaining current levels of HCV treatment. This is compared to an opportunity cost-based willingness-to-pay threshold for Pakistan (US$148 to US$198/DALY). Compared to existing levels of treatment, scaling up screening and treatment to achieve HCV elimination in Pakistan averts 5.57 (95% uncertainty interval (UI) 3.80 to 8.22) million DALYs and 333,000 (219,000 to 509,000) HCV-related deaths over 2018 to 2030. If HCV testing is partially integrated, this scale-up requires an investment of US$1.45 (1.32 to 1.60) billion but will result in US$1.30 (0.94 to 1.72) billion in improved economic productivity over 2018 to 2030. This elimination strategy is highly cost-effective (ICER = US$29 per DALY averted) by 2030, with it becoming cost-saving by 2031 and having a net economic benefit of US$9.10 (95% UI 6.54 to 11.99) billion by 2050. Limitations include uncertainty around what level of integration is possible within existing primary healthcare services as well as a lack of Pakistan-specific data on disease-related healthcare management costs or productivity losses due to HCV. Conclusions Investment in HCV elimination can bring about substantial societal health and economic benefits for Pakistan.

Introduction to health economics and cost-effectiveness of cardiovascular prevention

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 3129-3131
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Mantovani
Keyword(s):  
Health Economic ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Cardiovascular Prevention ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Opportunity Costs ◽  
Healthcare Interventions

Health professionals’ aim is to provide patients with the best possible care. Unfortunately, in doing this, they face financial and economic difficulties: the demand for healthcare—because of past successes and the emergence of effective new technologies—has often exceeded the available financial and human resources. As a result, healthcare interventions have been evaluated not only for their quality, safety, and effectiveness, but also for their (opportunity) costs, with the aim of investigating their efficiency. Health economic evaluations are becoming more and more useful for planning, assessing, and managing healthcare services and therapies.

scholarly journals Information-based management of mental health services: a two-stage model for improving funding mechanisms and clinical governance

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Elphick ◽  
Martin Elphick
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Trust Management ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Clinical Governance ◽  
Quality Information ◽  
Stage Model ◽  
Quality Cost ◽  
Funding Mechanisms ◽  
The Government

The government and commissioners have a responsibility to distribute resources for healthcare services to ensure equity across the country. They should also be concerned about quality, cost-effectiveness and safety. However, at present these tasks are seriously hampered by a lack of good-quality information about what is happening within services. Internal trust management is also poorly informed.

scholarly journals Can delivery systems use cost-effectiveness analysis to reduce healthcare costs and improve value?

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 2575
Author(s):  
Lucy A. Savitz ◽  
Samuel T. Savitz
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Health Gain ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Cost Effectiveness Analysis ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
Effectiveness Analysis ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
The U.S

Understanding costs and ensuring that we demonstrate value in healthcare is a foundational presumption as we transform the way we deliver and pay for healthcare in the U.S. With a focus on population health and payment reforms underway, there is increased pressure to examine cost-effectiveness in healthcare delivery. Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) is a type of economic analysis comparing the costs and effects (i.e. health outcomes) of two or more treatment options. The result is expressed as a ratio where the denominator is the gain in health from a measure (e.g. years of life or quality-adjusted years of life) and the numerator is the incremental cost associated with that health gain. For higher cost interventions, the lower the ratio of costs to effects, the higher the value. While CEA is not new, the approach continues to be refined with enhanced statistical techniques and standardized methods. This article describes the CEA approach and also contrasts it to optional approaches, in order for readers to fully appreciate caveats and concerns. CEA as an economic evaluation tool can be easily misused owing to inappropriate assumptions, over reliance, and misapplication. Twelve issues to be considered in using CEA results to drive healthcare delivery decision-making are summarized. Appropriately recognizing both the strengths and the limitations of CEA is necessary for informed resource allocation in achieving the maximum value for healthcare services provided.

Cost-effectiveness of dental implants: a utility analysis

1990 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 688-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Jacobson ◽  
B Maxson ◽  
K Mays ◽  
J Peebles ◽  
C Kowalski
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Utility Analysis
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