scholarly journals World Class Universities, Rankings and the Global Space of International Students

2020 ◽  
pp. 141-170
Author(s):  
Mikael Börjesson ◽  
Pablo Lillo Cea
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Research University ◽  
National Level ◽  
Global Market ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Global Space ◽  
International Ranking ◽  
World Class ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
World Class Universities

AbstractThe notion of World Class University suggests that this category of universities operates at a global and not national level. The rankings that have made this notion recognised are global in their scope, ranking universities on a worldwide scale and feed an audience from north to south, east to west. The very idea of ranking universities on such a scale, it is argued here, must be understood in relation to the increasing internationalisation and marketisation of higher education and the creation of a global market for higher education. More precisely, this contribution links the rankings of world class universities to the global space of international student flows. This space has three distinctive poles, a Pacific pole (with the US as the main country of destination and Asian countries as the most important suppliers of students), a Central European one (European countries of origin and destination) and a French/Iberian one (France and Spain as countries of destination with former colonies in Latin America and Africa as countries of origin). The three poles correspond to three different logics of recruitment: a market logic, a proximity logic and a colonial logic. It is argued that the Pacific/Market pole is the dominating pole in the space due to the high concentration of resources of different sorts, including economic, political, educational, scientific and not least, linguistic assets. This dominance is further enhanced by the international ranking. US universities dominate these to a degree that World Class Universities has become synonymous with the American research university. However, the competition has sharpened. And national actors such as China and India are investing heavily to challenge the American dominance. Also France and Germany, who are the dominant players at the dominated poles in the space, have launched initiative to ameliorate their position. In addition, we also witness a growing critique of the global rankings. One of the stakes is the value of national systems of higher education and the very definition of higher education.

scholarly journals Successful strategies to be learnt from world-class universities

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 350-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruxandra Bejinaru ◽  
Gabriela Prelipcean
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Social World ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Conceptual Issue ◽  
International Ranking ◽  
World Class ◽  
The Individual ◽  
World Class Universities

Abstract Throughout the present paper we want to argue the idea that higher education is strongly linked with research, innovation, and competitive advantage and thus plays a crucial role not only for the individual and societal development but also in the process of delivering the National and European Strategy, to drive forward growth. Universities are the main actors responsible to provide the highly skilled human capital that Europe needs in order to create jobs, successful businesses, and prosperity. The ambitious aim to become a world-class university has its roots not just in rational (financial) considerations, but also in the symbolic role of such universities. The rankings made the competition between the states very visible and thus, are most commonly recognized as an indicator of success due to excellence-driven policies. Within this work we bring arguments and examples about which are the most efficient strategies of world-class universities. The first section of the paper we argue the roles of universities within nowadays economic and social world. The second section of the paper highlights the conceptual issue of world-class universities, the motivation and the determinants of such a goal. Within sections three of the paper we benchmark the key factors of two main international ranking (the THES and SJTU) and we analyse the successful strategies of famous world-class universities. According to the research conclusions and to our considerations we suggest that a valid option would be for universities to follow the international trend towards becoming a world-class university. Also an opportunity would be to develop themselves into learning organizations.

scholarly journals FORMATION OF THE GLOBAL MARKET OF HIGHER EDUCATION SERVICES: COMPETITION OR COOPERATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 72-80
Author(s):  
Yuliya Zayachuk
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Research University ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Entrepreneurial University ◽  
Educational Services ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Education Services ◽  
Research Results ◽  
World Class

This paper presents an analysis of issues of contemporary processes related to global higher education dynamics. The paper is based on the analysis of research results of well-known researchers of global higher education reality, as well as on the author’s own research results within the Erasmus program. It states that new aspects of the mission of a university as an institution were added to such aspects as research, teaching and service, in accordance with social requirements. It also reveals that the concept of the world-class research university of the XXI century of Prof. P. Altbach and the model of the entrepreneurial university of Prof. B. Clark, which work in the conditions of growing competition between higher education, represent a new world higher education reality in the early XXI century. The paper reveals that the global market of higher education services has been established as an instrument of higher education changes. In this context, the traditional providers of educational services and the “new providers” compete for or complement the supply. The paper shows that the traditional providers of educational services are public and private universities. It emphasizes that University has become only one of the actors in the new “knowledge business” nowadays and discusses that recently we have witnessed the emergence of new types of higher education providers. The paper considers the emergence of new providers of higher education as indicators of the direction of higher education dynamics in the immediate future. These “new providers” include corporate universities, virtual universities and online courses, a certification system of competence in computer technology, commercial IT and media companies, networks of professional associations, national or international research networks, international conglomerates and consortia, and publishers, who are designing and delivering course materials, sometimes in partnership with universities. It is highlighted that to operate and develop in current higher education dynamics, universities should simultaneously compete, positioning themselves, and cooperate, overcoming obstacles by joint efforts with partners. Keywords: higher education; higher education dynamics; market of higher education services; internationalization; World-class research university; entrepreneurial university; corporate university; virtual university; mixed mode training called Hybrid; providers of educational services.

scholarly journals The “Double First-Class Initiative” in China: Background, Implementation, and Potential Problems

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Liu ◽  
David Turner ◽  
Xiaoli Jing
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Staff Development ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Innovative Strategy ◽  
Potential Problems ◽  
World Class ◽  
The Government ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
World Class Universities ◽  
Development Methods

The construction of world-class universities and first-class disciplines (Double First-Class Initiative) is a major commitment made by the Chinese government to adapt to changes in the educational environment at home and abroad. It is also an innovative strategy for the development and practice of international higher education. As part of the Double First-Class Initiative, China’s higher education institutions have formulated plans for their development and for developing their disciplinary specializations. They have instituted special measures for developing subject areas, staff development, building teams of teachers and researchers, and enhancing their disciplinary characteristics. However, there are some potential problems with the implementation of the Double First-Class Initiative, not least of which are the imprecision in the definition of “world-class”, the narrow focus on the range of institutions, and the lack of future-oriented development methods. These problems have attracted the attention of the government and the universities, and stimulated some discussion in society more widely.

The Kothari Saga (1965–85)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.V. Vaidyanatha Ayyar
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Central Government ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Constitutional Amendment ◽  
Educational Discourse ◽  
Congress Party ◽  
World Class ◽  
World Class Universities ◽  
National Policy On Education

This chapter outlines the exceptional composition of the landmark Kothari Commission, and its blend of idealism and realism. It offers a succinct account of the recommendations of the Kothari Commission, and the ferocious opposition to its recommendations regarding elementary and higher education, language policy, and the establishment of world class universities. It presents a candid critique of its recommendation that has become a hardy perennial of Indian educational discourse, namely that Government allocate at least 6 per cent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) to education. It gives a crisp account of Independent India’s first National Policy on Education (1968). It also outlines the Constitutional Amendment of 1978 which made education a ‘concurrent subject’, and the educational initiatives of the short lived Janata Government (1976–8), India’s first non-Congress Party Central Government. It also outlines the key role played by J.P Naik in the Kothari Commission and Janata Government and evolution of his thinking.

World class universities and international student mobility: Repositioning strategies in the Asian Tigers

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-317
Author(s):  
Anatoly V Oleksiyenko ◽  
Sheng-Ju Chan ◽  
Stephanie K Kim ◽  
William Yat Wai Lo ◽  
Keenan Daniel Manning
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
International Student ◽  
Student Mobility ◽  
Global Science ◽  
Major Cluster ◽  
Knowledge Economies ◽  
Asian Tigers ◽  
World Class ◽  
Local Students ◽  
World Class Universities

A major cluster of economic engines that have changed Asian higher education, Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan have all developed high-income societies as well as world-class universities which linked local “knowledge economies” to global science and created hubs for international collaborations and mobility. However, there has been limited analysis of interdependencies between the rise of world-class universities and changes in the flows of international talent. This paper elaborates on the concept of higher education internationalization that aims at enhancing geopolitical equity in global mobility and re-positioning local students for improved access to the world-class excellence. The paper compares key themes and patterns that define the Tiger societies’ unique positions in the field of global higher education.

scholarly journals Creating World-Class Universities in Japan: Policy and Initiatives

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 629-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Oba
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Education Reform ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Higher Education Reform ◽  
Develop World ◽  
Funding Policy ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
World Class ◽  
The Government ◽  
World Class Universities

For a very long time the Japanese government concentrated its higher education investment on a handful of national institutions, until the policy came to be called into question in the late 1980s in the face of globalisation and other factors. Higher education reform was significantly accelerated in the 1990s: the government has continuously deregulated the higher education system including the incorporation of national universities, and has brought more and more competition through diverse competitive funding schemes. Some policies – not only higher education policies but also science and technology ones – were explicitly designed to develop ‘world-class’ education and research centres, such as the 21st COE programme. This article suggests that although a funding policy based on competition, with a strict evaluation, seems to be a move in the right direction, a right balance of budget allocation between competitive funds and basic education-research funds should be sought. Furthermore, the programmes of the government have to be offered in a more consistent manner, and more concerted and integrated efforts will be required, to address the critical problem of building world-class universities.

scholarly journals China Calls for Smarter Standards for Its World-Class Universities

2016 ◽  
pp. 10-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Zha
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Education Development ◽  
Higher Education Development ◽  
Class Standing ◽  
Chinese Characteristics ◽  
World Class ◽  
World Class Universities

China recently launched a new stage of world-class university campaign, and emphasized developing the “Chinese characteristics” this time. Arguably, global rankings remain the most powerful illustration of who can claim world-class standing, which in turn renders the “Chinese characteristics” in question. This article argues that China would benefit from a kind of explicit “Chinese standards” to help establish a clearer direction for higher education development in the country.

scholarly journals HIGHER EDUCATION AND PUBLIC POLICY

2017 ◽  
pp. 88-92
Author(s):  
Prerna Pandya
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Education System ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Indian Higher Education ◽  
World Class ◽  
Access And Quality ◽  
Basic Infrastructure ◽  
Policy And Planning ◽  
World Class Universities ◽  
Do So

The Indian higher education system is facing a crisis that is affecting its ability to build world class higher education institutions. Indians have the ability to cope up with that crisis but sometimes they fail to do so because of the ‘EDUCATION SYSTEM’. This paper will focus on issues and challenges related to quality, access and integrity of the higher education system in India.The government is responsible for the overall development of the basic infrastructure of Higher Education sector, both in terms of policy and planning. The combination of these two will expand the access and quality improvement in the Higher Education, through world class Universities, Colleges and other Institutions. The paper will throw light on the Vision, Mission, Objectives and Functions for making Higher Education peculiar by using public policies.

scholarly journals ANECDOTES AND CONTOURS OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Gopal Krishna Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Education System ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
The Core ◽  
Education In India ◽  
World Class ◽  
Historical Trajectory ◽  
World Class Universities

Higher education is considered as an invaluable instrument for the sustainable development of human being and society through a dynamic process of creation, advancement, and dissemination of knowledge. In a fast developing country like India the role of higher education assume utmost importance. Universities have a pivotal role in realizing this goal. Our higher education system has had a glorious past in the form of world-class universities like Nalanda, Vikramsila, and Taxila, which attracted students and intellectuals from all over the world those days. However, in the present time we are lagging far behind in terms of qualitative education and research. This necessitates a serious concern and introspection to look into the nuances and flaws of our system that make our higher education system stand at where it is now. This paper, based on the analysis of various reports and Govt. documents, discusses some of the issues, which are at the core of the main concerns pertaining to higher education in India. Taking a snapshot of the historical trajectory of higher education system in India to the present time, this paper presents an overview of the higher education system in India and points out some most relevant concerns troubling the issue at the core.

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