An Alternative Approach to Propensity Score Matching Technique in Real-World Evidence

2021 ◽  
pp. 415-428
Author(s):  
Prithwis Kumar De ◽  
Tuhin Subhra Dey
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Real World ◽  
Real World Evidence ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Matching Technique

scholarly journals A161 PREVALENCE OF FINANCIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST (FCOI) AMONG PROPENSITY-SCORE MATCHED RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES EVALUATING BIOLOGIC THERAPEUTICS FOR IBD

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 168-170
Author(s):  
K Elsolh ◽  
D Tham ◽  
M A Scaffidi ◽  
R Bansal ◽  
J Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Retrospective Studies ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
High Burden ◽  
Real World Evidence ◽  
Full Text Retrieval ◽  
Financial Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Matched Comparison

Abstract Background Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) studies have commonly relied on real-world evidence to evaluate different therapies. An emerging idea has been the use of propensity score matching as a statistical method to account for baseline characteristics in IBD patients. In retrospective studies, propensity score matching of patients helps reduce treatment assignment bias and mimic the effects of randomization. Recently, propensity-score matching has become an important tool in IBD studies comparing biologic therapeutics. Biologic medications are among the highest-grossing drugs worldwide, and their pharmaceutical producers make considerable payments to physicians to market them. In spite of this, there is a lack of evidence examining the role of undue industry influence among propensity-score matched comparative studies evaluating biologic therapeutics for IBD. Aims Given the documented association between IBD biologics and FCOI, we hypothesize a high burden of FCOI in propensity-score matched studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of disclosed & undisclosed financial conflicts of Interest (FCOI) in propensity-score matched comparison studies evaluating biologics for IBD. Methods We developed & ran a librarian-reviewed systematic search on EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library databases for all propensity-score matched retrospective studies comparing biologics for the treatment of IBD. Full-text retrieval & screening was performed on all studies in duplicate. 16 articles were identified. Industry payments to authors were only considered FCOI if they were made by a company producing a biologic that was included in the comparison study. Disclosed FCOI were identified by authors’ interests disclosures in full-texts. Any undisclosed FCOI among US authors were identified using the Centre for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Open Payments Database, which collects industry payments to physicians. Results Based on a preliminary analysis of 16 studies, there was at least one author with a relevant FCOI in 14 (88%) of the 16 studies. 14 studies (88%) had at least one disclosed FCOI, while 6 studies (37.5%) had at least one undisclosed FCOI. Among studies with disclosed FCOI, a mean of 40.2% (SD = 23.4%) of authors/study reported FCOI. Among studies with undisclosed FCOI, a mean of 18.8% (SD = 7.0%) of authors/study reported FCOI. The total dollar value of FCOIs was $1,974,328.3. The median conflict dollar value was $5,576.6 (IQR: $321.6 to $36,394.9). Conclusions We found a high burden of undisclosed FCOI (37.5%) among authors of propensity-score matched studies evaluating IBD biologics. Given the potential for undue industry influence stemming from such payments, authors should ensure better transparency with industry relationships. Funding Agencies None

Abstract 17088: In-Hospital Complications and Outcomes of Leadless Pacemaker Implantation: A Propensity-Score Matched Analysis From Nationwide Database

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moghniuddin Mohammed ◽  
Amit Noheria ◽  
Seth Sheldon ◽  
Madhu Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Real World ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Pacemaker Implantation ◽  
Leadless Pacemaker ◽  
Ventricular Lead ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Introduction: There are no randomized controlled trials that compared the outcomes of leadless pacemaker (L-PPM) implantation with transvenous pacemaker (TV-PPM) and there is scarcity of data on real world outcomes. Methods: We queried National Inpatient Sample to identify all adult patients who had primary discharge diagnosis of conduction disorders or tachy-arrhythmias and excluded patients who had a concomitant procedure for valve replacement, coronary artery bypass grafting, ablation and/or cardiac implantable electronic device removal so that complications can be attributed to the pacemaker implantation. We included only procedures from November 2016 to December 2017 as Micra was the only available L-PPM during that period. For the comparison cohort we selected patients, during the same time period, who had a procedure code for single chamber pacemaker implantation in conjunction with right ventricular lead placement. We performed 1:1 propensity score matching and the variables used for matching are marked with asterisk in Table 1. All the codes used to identify complications has been previously validated from the Micra Post-approval registry and Coverage with Evidence Study. Results: Total of 1,305 patients for L-PPM and 13,905 patients in the TV-PPM group were included. Baseline characteristics with standardized mean difference before and after matching are shown in Table 1. Briefly, patients in L-PPM group were younger but had higher co-morbidities compared to TV-PPM group. The complications before and after matching are shown in Table 2. Conclusions: In conclusion, we found no significant difference between in-hospital complications after propensity score matching, with the exception of deep venous thrombosis. There was no difference between length of stay but cost for L-PPM was significantly higher. In this real-world analysis, we found that the leadless PPM implantation is safe in comparison to transvenous PPM.

scholarly journals Risk of Dementia in Older Patients with Type 2 Diabetes on Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors Versus Sulfonylureas: A Real-World Population-Based Cohort Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Gun Kim ◽  
Ja Jeon ◽  
Hae Kim ◽  
Dae Kim ◽  
Kwan-Woo Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Real World ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Dipeptidyl Peptidase ◽  
Dipeptidyl Peptidase Iv ◽  
Dipeptidyl Peptidase Iv Inhibitors

Background: Type 2 diabetes is related to an increased risk of dementia. Preclinical studies of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors (DPP-4i) for dementia have yielded promising results. Therefore, we investigated the risk of dementia in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes on DPP-4is and sulfonylureas (SU). Methods: Using a claims database called the Korean National Health Insurance Service Senior cohort, new users of DPP-4is and SUs were matched by 1:1 propensity score matching using 49 confounding variables (7552 new DPP-4is users and 7552 new SU users were matched by 1:1 propensity score matching; average age 75.4; mean follow-up period: 1361.9 days). Survival analysis was performed to estimate the risk of dementia. Results: The risk of all-cause dementia was lower in the DPP-4i group compared to the SU group (hazard ratio (HR) 0.66; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.56–0.78; p < 0.001). Particularly, DPP-4i use showed a significantly lower risk of Alzheimer’s disease (HR 0.64; 95% CI 0.52–0.79; p < 0.001) and a lower risk, albeit non-significant, of vascular dementia compared to SU use (HR 0.66; 95% CI 0.38–1.14; p = 0.139). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that DPP-4i use decreases the risk of dementia compared to SU use in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes in a real-world clinical setting.

Propensity score-integrated composite likelihood approach for incorporating real-world evidence in single-arm clinical studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenguang Wang ◽  
Nelson Lu ◽  
Wei-Chen Chen ◽  
Heng Li ◽  
Ram Tiwari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Real World ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Composite Likelihood ◽  
Real World Evidence ◽  
Likelihood Approach

Government–Business Partnerships for Radical Eco-Innovation

2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiying Lin
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Cognitive Learning ◽  
Business Partnerships ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Effective Governance ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Matching Technique

This study assessed whether and how government–business partnerships (GBPs) offer a unique platform that targets profound environmental impacts via the promotion of radical eco-innovation. It applied transactional cost and complementary logics to explain the rationale of GBP formation for radical eco-innovation, and further assessed the operation of GBPs from governance, learning, and rulemaking aspects. This study applied propensity score matching technique to empirically test these theoretical associations using 225 observations representing 166 U.S. firms’ participation in 192 environmental alliances between 1985 and 2013. The study results confirmed GBPs’ role in channeling public and private efforts in pursuing transformative environmental change via the adoption of radical eco-innovation goals. Results highlight four critical elements of GBP operation—effective governance, exploration learning, cognitive learning, and rulemaking—that enable participants to embrace these radical environmental solutions.

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