Biodiesel and Renewable Diesel as a Drop-in Fuel for Decarbonized Maritime Transportation

2022 ◽  
pp. 319-345
Author(s):  
Cagatayhan Sevim ◽  
Burak Zincir
Keyword(s):  
Maritime Transportation ◽  
Renewable Diesel

Renewable Diesel Blendstocks and Biopriviliged Chemicals Distilled from Algal Biocrude Oil Converted via Hydrothermal Liquefaction

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan-Ting (Grace) Chen ◽  
Zhenwei Wu ◽  
Buchun Si ◽  
Yuanhui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidation Stability ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Fractional Distillation ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Steam Temperature ◽  
Renewable Diesel ◽  
Commodity Chemicals ◽  
Biocrude Oil ◽  
Specification Analysis

This study aims to produce renewable diesel and biopriviliged chemicals from microalgae that can thrive in wastewater environment. <i>Spirulina</i> (SP) was converted into biocrude oil at 300ºC for a 30-minute reaction time via hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL). Next, fractional distillation was used to separate SP-derived biocrude oil into different distillates. It was found that 62% of the viscous SP-derived biocrude oil can be separated into liquids at about 270ºC (steam temperature of the distillation). Physicochemical characterizations, including density, viscosity, acidity, elemental compositions, higher heating values and chemical compositions, were carried out with the distillates separated from SP-derived biocrude oil. These analyses showed that 15% distillates could be used as renewable diesel because they have similar heating values (43-46 MJ/kg) and carbon numbers (ranging from C8 to C18) to petroleum diesel. The Van Krevelan diagram of the distillates suggests that deoxygenation was effectively achieved by fractional distillation. In addition, GC-MS analysis indicates that some distillates contain biopriviliged chemicals like aromatics, phenols and fatty nitriles that can be used as commodity chemicals. An algal biorefinery roadmap was proposed based on the analyses of different distillates from the SP-derived biocrude oil. Finally, the fuel specification analysis was conducted with the drop-in renewable diesel, which was prepared with 10 vol.% (HTL10) distillates and 90 vol.% petroleum diesel. According to the fuel specification analysis, HTL10 exhibited a qualified lubricity (<520 µm), acidity (<0.3 mg KOH/g) and oxidation stability (>6 hr), as well as a comparable net heat of combustion (1% lower), ash content (29% lower) and viscosity (17% lower) to those of petroleum diesel. Ultimately, it is expected that this study can provide insights for potential application of algal biocrude oil converted via HTL.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Renewable Diesel through Hydrodeoxygenation Using Pd/zeolite Catalysts

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 139-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bambang Heru Susanto ◽  
Mohammad Nasikin ◽  
Sukirno ◽  
Andri Wiyo
Keyword(s):  
Zeolite Catalysts ◽  
Renewable Diesel

scholarly journals Ice-Breaking Fleets of the United States and Canada: Assessing the Current State of Affairs and Future Plans

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 703
Author(s):  
Megan Drewniak ◽  
Dimitrios Dalaklis ◽  
Anastasia Christodoulou ◽  
Rebecca Sheehan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Maritime Transportation ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Polar Ice ◽  
Northwest Passage ◽  
Ice Cap ◽  
Ice Coverage ◽  
Current State ◽  
State Of Affairs

In recent years, a continuous decline of ice-coverage in the Arctic has been recorded, but these high latitudes are still dominated by earth’s polar ice cap. Therefore, safe and sustainable shipping operations in this still frozen region have as a precondition the availability of ice-breaking support. The analysis in hand provides an assessment of the United States’ and Canada’s polar ice-breaking program with the purpose of examining to what extent these countries’ relevant resources are able to meet the facilitated growth of industrial interests in the High North. This assessment will specifically focus on the maritime transportation sector along the Northwest Passage and consists of four main sections. The first provides a very brief description of the main Arctic passages. The second section specifically explores the current situation of the Northwest Passage, including the relevant navigational challenges, lack of infrastructure, available routes that may be used for transit, potential choke points, and current state of vessel activity along these routes. The third one examines the economic viability of the Northwest Passage compared to that of the Panama Canal; the fourth and final section is investigating the current and future capabilities of the United States’ and Canada’s ice-breaking fleet. Unfortunately, both countries were found to be lacking the necessary assets with ice-breaking capabilities and will need to accelerate their efforts in order to effectively respond to the growing needs of the Arctic. The total number of available ice-breaking assets is impacting negatively the level of support by the marine transportation system of both the United States and Canada; these two countries are facing the possibility to be unable to effectively meet the expected future needs because of the lengthy acquisition and production process required for new ice-breaking fleets.

Modelling and simulation of ship collisions in port and coastal waters

2021 ◽  
pp. 147509022198918
Author(s):  
Chien-Chang Chou
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Maritime Transportation ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Ship Maneuvering ◽  
Collision Model ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sea Current ◽  
Ship Collision ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Collision Models

Navigational safety is an important issue in maritime transportation. The most frequent type of maritime accident in the port and coastal waters is the ship collision. Although some ship collision models have been developed in the past, few have taken account of wind and sea current effects. However, wind and sea current are critical factors in ship maneuvering. Therefore, based on the previous collision model without wind and sea current effects, this study further develops a ship collision model with wind and sea current effects. Finally, a comparison of the results for the proposed collision model in this study and the ship maneuvering simulator is shown to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed mathematical model in this paper, followed by the conclusions and suggestions given to navigators, port managers, and governmental maritime departments to improve navigational safety in port and coastal waters.

Synthesis of Butyl-Exchanged Polyoxymethylene Ethers as Renewable Diesel Blendstocks with Improved Fuel Properties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha A. Arellano-Treviño ◽  
Danielle Bartholet ◽  
Anh The To ◽  
Andrew W. Bartling ◽  
Frederick G. Baddour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Renewable Diesel

scholarly journals DESIGN FOR RESILIENT HUMAN-SYSTEM INTERACTION IN AUTONOMY: THE CASE OF A SHORE CONTROL CENTRE FOR UNMANNED SHIPS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1023-1032
Author(s):  
Erik Aleksander Veitch ◽  
Thomas Kaland ◽  
Ole Andreas Alsos
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Design ◽  
Maritime Transportation ◽  
System Failure ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
Resilience Engineering ◽  
Unexpected Events ◽  
Human System ◽  
Control Centre ◽  
Operational Phase ◽  
Human Centred Design

AbstractArtificial intelligence is transforming how we interact with vehicles. We examine the case of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS), which are emerging as a safer and more effective solution for maritime transportation. Despite the focus on autonomy, humans are predicted to have a central role in MASS operations from a Shore Control Centre (SCC). Here, operators will provide back-up control in the event of system failure. There are signification design challenges with such a system. The most critical is human-system interaction in autonomy (H-SIA). We consider humans as the source of resilience in the system for adapting to unexpected events and managing safety. We ask, can Human-Centred Design (HCD) be used to create resilient interactions between MASS and SCC? Work has been done in resilience engineering for complex systems but has not been extended to H-SIA in transportation. “Resilient interaction design” is relevant as we progress from design to operational phase. We adopted the ISO 9421-210 guideline to structure our HCD approach. The result is an SCC designed for 1 Autonomy Operator (AO). The contribution is a demonstration of how resilient interaction design may lead to safer and more effective H-SIA in transportation.

scholarly journals The Northwest Passage in the Arctic: A Brief Assessment of the Relevant Marine Transportation System and Current Availability of Search and Rescue Services

Logistics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Rebecca Sheehan ◽  
Dimitrios Dalaklis ◽  
Anastasia Christodoulou ◽  
Megan Drewniak ◽  
Peter Raneri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Transportation System ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Maritime Transportation ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Marine Transportation ◽  
Northwest Passage ◽  
Traffic Routing ◽  
Brief Assessment

The analysis in hand provides a brief assessment of the United States’ and Canada’s marine transportation system and relevant search and rescue (SAR) support in relation to the Northwest Passage, with the purpose of examining to what extent these countries’ relevant infrastructure resources are able to meet the expected growth of shipping operations and business activities in the Arctic. Through an extensive literature review, this assessment will specifically describe the most important influences upon the maritime transportation system, with the issue of certain geographical details and the capabilities of existing ports standing out. Additionally, vessel activity trends and vessel traffic routing measure initiatives will be examined. Furthermore, the SAR infrastructure details and means to render assistance to people in distress along the Northwest Passage will be discussed. The reality remains that port characteristics are limited and vessel traffic routing measure initiatives and upgrades to SAR assets are commendable but slow-paced. It is true that both the United States and Canada are taking proper measures to build up infrastructure needs, but they both may run out of time to put adequate infrastructure in place to deal effectively with the changing environment.

Container port throughput analysis and active management using control theory

2021 ◽  
pp. 147509022110208
Author(s):  
Cuong Truong Ngoc ◽  
Xiao Xu ◽  
Hwan-Seong Kim ◽  
Duy Anh Nguyen ◽  
Sam-Sang You
Keyword(s):  
Control Theory ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Container Terminal ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Maritime Transportation ◽  
Container Terminals ◽  
Active Management ◽  
Dynamical Analysis ◽  
Series Data

This paper deals with three-dimensional (3D) model of competitive Lotka-Volterra equation to investigate nonlinear dynamics and control strategy of container terminal throughput and capacity. Dynamical behaviors are intensely explored by using eigenvalue evaluation, bifurcation analysis, and time-series data. The dynamical analysis is to show the stability with bifurcation of the competition and collaboration of multiple container terminals in the maritime transportation. Based on the chaotic analysis, the sliding mode control theory has been utilized for optimization of port operations under disruptions. Extensive numerical simulations have been conducted to validate the efficacy and reliability of the presented control algorithms. Particularly, the closed-loop system has been assessed through chaotic suppression and synchronization strategies for port management. Finally, the presented fundamental techniques can be utilized to provide managerial insights and solutions on efficient seaport operations that allow more timely and cost-effective decision making for port authorities in such a highly competitive environment.

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