Transformations and plant uptake of urine-sulphate in urine-affected areas of pasture soil

AbstractA 15N tracing pot experiment was conducted using two types of wood-based biochars: a regular biochar and a Kon-Tiki-produced nutrient-enriched biochar, at two application rates (1% and 5% (w/w)), in addition to a fertilizer only and a control treatment. Ryegrass was sown in pots, all of which except controls received 15N-labelled fertilizer as either 15NH4NO3 or NH415NO3. We quantified the effect of biochar application on soil N2O emissions, as well as the fate of fertilizer-derived ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3−) in terms of their leaching from the soil, uptake into plant biomass, and recovery in the soil. We found that application of biochars reduced soil mineral N leaching and N2O emissions. Similarly, the higher biochar application rate of 5% significantly increased aboveground ryegrass biomass yield. However, no differences in N2O emissions and ryegrass biomass yields were observed between regular and nutrient-enriched biochar treatments, although mineral N leaching tended to be lower in the nutrient-enriched biochar treatment than in the regular biochar treatment. The 15N analysis revealed that biochar application increased the plant uptake of added nitrate, but reduced the plant uptake of added ammonium compared to the fertilizer only treatment. Thus, the uptake of total N derived from added NH4NO3 fertilizer was not affected by the biochar addition, and cannot explain the increase in plant biomass in biochar treatments. Instead, the increased plant biomass at the higher biochar application rate was attributed to the enhanced uptake of N derived from soil. This suggests that the interactions between biochar and native soil organic N may be important determinants of the availability of soil N to plant growth.

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Distribution, transformations and recovery of urinary sulphur and sources of plant-available soil sulphur in irrigated pasture soil–plant systems treated with 35sulphur-labelled urine

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600065837 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 122 (1) ◽

pp. 91-105 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

M. L. Nguyen ◽

K. M. Goh

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Field Capacity ◽

Hydriodic Acid ◽

Rooting Zone ◽

Pasture Soil ◽

S Uptake ◽

Loam Soil ◽

S Model

SUMMARYA field plot experiment of 271 days duration was conducted on New Zealand irrigated pastures, commencing in the summer (January) 1988, on a Templeton silt loam soil (Udic Ustochrept) by applying 35sulphur (35S)-labelled urine (250 μCi/g S with 1300 μg S/ml) to field plots (600 × 600 mm) at a rate equivalent to that normally occurring in sheep urine patches (150 ml/0·03 m2) to investigate the distribution, transformations and recovery of urinary S in pasture soil–plant systems and sources of plant-available soil S as influenced by the available soil moisture at the time of urine application and varying amounts of applied irrigation water. Results obtained showed that c. 55–90% of 35S-labelled urine was incorporated into soil sulphate (SO42−), ester SO42− and carbon (C)-bonded S fractions within the major plant rooting zone (0–300 mm), as early as 27 days after urine application. Hydriodic acid (Hl)-reducible and C-bonded soil S fractions showed no consistent trend of incorporation. On day 271, labelled-S was found in soil SO42−, Hl-reducible S and C-bonded S fractions to a soil depth of 500 mm, indicating that not only SO42− but also organic S fractions from soils and 35S-labelled urine were leached beyond the major rooting zone. A large proportion (c. 59–75%) of 35S-labelled urine was not recovered in pasture soil–plant systems over a 271-day period, presumably due to leaching losses beyond the 0–300 mm soil depth. This estimated leaching loss was comparable to that (75%) predicted using the S model developed by the New Zealand Ministry of Agriculture. The recovery of urinary S in soil–plant systems over a 271-day period was not affected by different amounts of irrigation water applied 7 days after urine application to soil at either 50 or 75% available water holding capacity (AWHC). However, significantly lower S recovery occurred when urinary S was applied to the soil at 25% AWHC than at field capacity, suggesting that urinary S applied at field capacity might not have sufficient time to be adsorbed by soil particles, enter soil micropores or be immobilized by soil micro-organisms. Both soil ester SO42− and calcium phosphate-extractable soil S in urine-treated soils were found to be major S sources for pasture S uptake. Labelled S from 35S-labelled urine accounted for c. 12–47% of total S in pasture herbage.

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Prediction of Plant Uptake and Translocation of Engineered Metallic Nanoparticles by Machine Learning

Environmental Science & Technology ◽

10.1021/acs.est.1c01603 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaoxuan Wang ◽

Liwei Liu ◽

Weilan Zhang ◽

Xingmao Ma

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Plant Uptake ◽

Metallic Nanoparticles

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Uptake of perfluorinated alkyl acids by crops: results from a field study

Environmental Science Processes & Impacts ◽

10.1039/d1em00166c ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sebastian Felizeter ◽

Heinrich Jürling ◽

Matthias Kotthoff ◽

Pim De Voogt ◽

Michael S. McLachlan

Keyword(s):

Field Study ◽

Plant Uptake ◽

Perfluorinated Alkyl Acids

Variability of plant uptake of PFAAs from soil is explored with measured uptake factors for 13 PFAAs in 4 crops.

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Diffuse Water Pollution from Agriculture: A Review of Nature-Based Solutions for Nitrogen Removal and Recovery

Water ◽

10.3390/w13141893 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (14) ◽

pp. 1893

Author(s):

Giuseppe Mancuso ◽

Grazia Federica Bencresciuto ◽

Stevo Lavrnić ◽

Attilio Toscano

Keyword(s):

Water Pollution ◽

Nitrogen Removal ◽

Plant Uptake ◽

Environmental Issues ◽

Polluted Water ◽

Health Issues ◽

Agricultural Wastewater ◽

Research Activities ◽

Wide Range ◽

Different Types

The implementation of nature-based solutions (NBSs) can be a suitable and sustainable approach to coping with environmental issues related to diffuse water pollution from agriculture. NBSs exploit natural mitigation processes that can promote the removal of different contaminants from agricultural wastewater, and they can also enable the recovery of otherwise lost resources (i.e., nutrients). Among these, nitrogen impacts different ecosystems, resulting in serious environmental and human health issues. Recent research activities have investigated the capability of NBS to remove nitrogen from polluted water. However, the regulating mechanisms for nitrogen removal can be complex, since a wide range of decontamination pathways, such as plant uptake, microbial degradation, substrate adsorption and filtration, precipitation, sedimentation, and volatilization, can be involved. Investigating these processes is beneficial for the enhancement of the performance of NBSs. The present study provides a comprehensive review of factors that can influence nitrogen removal in different types of NBSs, and the possible strategies for nitrogen recovery that have been reported in the literature.

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