Lack of co-transmission of Rickettsia conorii and Ehrlichia canis in human beings in the south of France

Abstract Background Canine vector-borne diseases (CVBDs) associated to ticks are among the most important health issues affecting dogs. In Italy, Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma spp., Rickettsia conorii and Borrelia burgdorferi (s.l.) have been studied in both healthy canine populations and those clinically ill with suspected CVBDs. However, little information is currently available on the overall prevalence and distribution of these pathogens in the country. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and distribution of tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) in clinically suspect dogs from three Italian macro areas during a 15-year period (2006–2020). Methods A large dataset (n = 21,992) of serological test results for selected TBPs in three macro areas in Italy was analysed using a Chi-square test to evaluate the associations between the categorical factors (i.e. macro area, region, year, sex and age) and a standard logistic regression model (significance set at P = 0.05). Serological data were presented as annual and cumulative prevalence, and distribution maps of cumulative positive cases for TBPs were generated. Results Of the tested serum samples, 86.9% originated from northern (43.9%) and central (43%) Italy. The majority of the tests was requested for the diagnosis of E. canis (47%; n = 10,334), followed by Rickettsia spp. (35.1%; n = 7725), B. burgdorferi (s.l.) (11.6%; n = 2560) and Anaplasma spp. (6.2%; n = 1373). The highest serological exposure was recorded for B. burgdorferi (s.l.) (83.5%), followed by Rickettsia spp. (64.9%), Anaplasma spp. (39.8%) and E. canis (28.7%). The highest number of cumulative cases of Borrelia burgdorferi (s.l.) was recorded in samples from Tuscany, central Italy. Rickettsia spp. was more prevalent in the south and on the islands, particularly in dogs on Sicily older than 6 years, whereas Anaplasma spp. was more prevalent in the north and E. canis more prevalent in the south and on the islands. Conclusions The results of this study highlight the high seroprevalence and wide distribution of the four TBPs in dogs with clinically suspected CVBDs from the studied regions of Italy. The very high seroprevalence of B. burgdorferi (s.l.) exemplifies a limitation of this study, given the use of clinically suspect dogs and the possibility of cross-reactions when using serological tests. The present research provides updated and illustrative information on the seroprevalence and distribution of four key TBPs, and advocates for integrative control strategies for their prevention. Grapic abstract

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Geographic Distribution of Ehrlichia canis TRP Genotypes in Brazil

Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.3390/vetsci7040165 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 165

Author(s):

Isis Indaiara Gonçalves Granjeiro Taques ◽

Amanda Noeli Silva Campos ◽

Mayara Lima Kavasaki ◽

Sayanne Luns Hatum de Almeida ◽

Daniel Moura de Aguiar

Keyword(s):

Synthetic Peptides ◽

Costa Rican ◽

Ehrlichia Canis ◽

Dense Core ◽

Tropical Region ◽

The South ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Temperate Region ◽

Repeat Proteins ◽

Tandem Repeat Proteins

Tandem repeat proteins (TRPs) are major immunoreactive proteins of Ehrlichia canis, which have been used in the serological diagnosis of different genotypes of the microorganism. TRP19 is preserved among different E. canis isolates expressed on both reticulate and dense-core cells and observed in the extracellular matrix or associated with the morula membrane. TRP36 is differentially expressed only on the surface of the dense-core form of the bacterium and exhibits more divergence among isolates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of the American (USTRP36), Brazilian (BrTRP36) and Costa Rican (CRTRP36) genotypes of E. canis in Brazil, using ELISA assays. Serum samples of 814 dogs from 49 municipalities from all over Brazil were analyzed. Our results showed that 34% of the samples were reactive to the USTRP36 genotype and 32.6% to the BrTRP36 genotype. The two genotypes appeared to occur equally throughout Brazil, although the frequency of seropositivity was lower in the south than in the country’s other regions. Dogs that reacted to at least one of the synthetic peptides (TRP19 and TRP36) were 456 (56%). A few dogs (n = 5; 0.61%) reactive to the E. canis TRP36 genotype (CRTRP36) were also detected in the northeast and southern regions. We concluded that the American and Brazilian genotypes of E. canis are distributed evenly in Brazil, especially in the tropical region, while the temperate region in the south presented the lowest prevalence rates. This study offers the first report of dogs seropositive for the Costa Rican genotype in Brazil.

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The seroepidemiologic survey of Ehrlichia canis and Rickettsia conorii in clinically healthy dogs from Sinop region

Cumhuriyet Medical Journal ◽

10.7197/1305-0028.960 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 17-22

Author(s):

Turabi Güneş

Keyword(s):

Ehrlichia Canis ◽

Rickettsia Conorii ◽

Healthy Dogs

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CLAIMING HUMAN DIGNITY

Du Bois Review Social Science Research on Race ◽

10.1017/s1742058x10000317 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 253-255 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lawrence D. Bobo

Keyword(s):

African Americans ◽

Human Dignity ◽

Jim Crow ◽

A Priori ◽

Human Beings ◽

The South ◽

Du Bois ◽

Reconstruction Era ◽

Cultural Racism

In the concluding line of his opening note to Black Reconstruction in America, W. E. B. Du Bois, wrote “I am going to tell this story as though Negroes were ordinary human beings, realizing that this attitude will from the first seriously curtail my audience” (1934[2007], p. xliii). Doing so was an intellectually courageous step at the time Du Bois wrote. Jim Crow strictures, after all, were almost fully institutionalized across the South by that time and larger cultural motifs stressing redemption and reconciliation were steadily undoing the meager steps toward uplift and equality for African Americans of the Reconstruction era. Enormous progress notwithstanding, we know that great challenges of enduring inequality and persistent cultural racism remain in our time. The spirit of this declaration and the a priori intellectual posture it embraces have, quite fittingly then, animated this journal from our inception.

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Kærlighedens dialektiker: Karakteristik af Hans Dencks kritiske spiritualisme

Dansk Teologisk Tidsskrift ◽

10.7146/dtt.v77i3.105719 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 77 (3) ◽

pp. 217-234

Author(s):

Johannes Aakjær Steenbuch

Keyword(s):

Human Beings ◽

The South ◽

The Difference

Hans Denck (1500-1527) is known as one of the primary charactersin the South German Anabaptist movement. Denck has beencharacterized as a humanist with a high view of the personal freedomof human beings. Based on an analysis of Dencks concept of the difference,or even opposition, between God and human beings, his ideaof yieldedness (gelassenheit), spiritualism and conception of the humanwill, this article argues that Dencks position should be characterized ascritical spiritualism rather than humanism, in so far as the spiritual crisisinflicted on human beings

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Correction to: Seroprevalences of Rickettsia conorii, Ehrlichia canis and Coxiella burnetii in Dogs from Montenegro

Acta Parasitologica ◽

10.2478/s11686-019-00152-7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

pp. 271-271 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dejan Laušević ◽

Tamara Ilić ◽

Katarina Nenadović ◽

Dragan Bacić ◽

Sonja Obrenović

Keyword(s):

Coxiella Burnetii ◽

Ehrlichia Canis ◽

Rickettsia Conorii

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Study on the Influence of Climatic Factor in the South of Liaoning Province on China’s Manchu Building Construction

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.2223 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1065-1069 ◽

pp. 2223-2226

Author(s):

Jian Xiao ◽

Hui Zeng ◽

Mo Fei Lin ◽

Xiao Mu Lin

Keyword(s):

Daily Life ◽

Climatic Factor ◽

Building Construction ◽

Liaoning Province ◽

Human Beings ◽

The South ◽

Ecological Anthropology ◽

Climatic Environment ◽

The Relationship ◽

Combining Information

Building is the product of human beings adapting to climate, whose production and development have been inseparable from climate. By combining information and data of actual survey, paying attention to referring to relevant disciplines and referring to view and study method of ecological anthropology in the process of discussion, this paper attempts to explore the relationship between architectural culture and climatic environment from the perspective of daily life and custom and tradition in Manchu agglomeration in the south of Liaoning.

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Practical Theology and providing service: The service through love of the Mamas Africa in the South African society

HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies ◽

10.4102/hts.v70i2.1931 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 70 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Amanda L. Du Plessis

Keyword(s):

South African ◽

Public Service ◽

Practical Theology ◽

Fundamental Principle ◽

Human Beings ◽

African Society ◽

The South ◽

South African Society ◽

Making A Difference ◽

Triune God

A fundamental principle of the Christian faith is that man is saved by the grace and by faith in the Triune God, not by deeds. Yet, James emphasises the importance of works after the Christian has been saved. Jesus said during his ministry on earth that he did not come to be served, but to serve. Faith is therefore seen in deeds, specifically deeds of love, that is, deeds that indicate that the Christian is not leading an egocentric life anymore, but a life characterised by considering his or her fellow human beings and reaching out to them. Eighteen years after apartheid, South Africa is still a country striving to build a nation and to be healed. Marches and protests against poor public service deliveries have become a well-known sight in society. Despite the larger picture of inadequate service, there are those who serve their fellow humans and society every day. The Mamas Africa utilising the minimum resources available, are examples of people who make a difference in society every day. The concept Mama Africa indicates all women from all races who are making a difference in the South African society by promoting mutual bonding. The motivation for their deeds is a deep faith in God, who is the source of hope and a conviction that a Christian has to serve others.

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Prevalence of antibodies to Rickettsia conorii in human beings and dogs from Catalonia: a 20-year perspective

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268816000261 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 144 (9) ◽

pp. 1889-1894 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

E. ESPEJO ◽

M. ANDRÉS ◽

J. PÉREZ ◽

J. PRAT ◽

C. GUERRERO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Serum ◽

Indirect Immunofluorescence ◽

Human Population ◽

Spotted Fever ◽

Rickettsia Conorii ◽

Mediterranean Spotted Fever ◽

Human Beings ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Human Serum Samples ◽

Nineteen 5

SUMMARYThe incidence of Mediterranean spotted fever (MSF) in Catalonia (Spain) has decreased in the last two decades. The prevalence of antibodies to Rickettsia conorii in human beings and dogs in the region of Vallès Occidental (Catalonia) was assessed by indirect immunofluorescence, and the results compared with those obtained in a similar study from 1987. Nineteen (5·0%) out of 383 human serum samples had antibodies to R. conorii. This seroprevalence was significantly lower (11·5%) (P = 0·003) than that recorded in the 1987 survey. Forty-two out (42·0%) of 100 canine serum samples had antibodies to R. conorii. A high proportion of the studied dogs (91·0%) were receiving anti-tick treatment, mainly with permethrin-imidacloprid spot-on (Advantix, Bayer, Germany). The current canine seroprevalence was not significantly different from that recorded in the 1987 survey (36.9%). In conclusion, this study shows a significant decrease in the prevalence of antibodies to R. conorii in the human population of Catalonia in the last 20 years, which corresponds with a decrease in the number of cases of MSF. We suggest that the widespread use of anti-tick treatment in dogs could limit the introduction of ticks to humans due to a reduction of infestation duration in dogs, thus contributing to the decrease in MSF incidence.

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