Analysis of the Drosophila maternal effect mutant MAT(3)1 by pole cell transplantation experiments

1978 ◽  
Vol 164 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urs Regenass ◽  
Hans Peter Bernhard
Keyword(s):  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Maternal Effect ◽  
Pole Cell ◽  
Pole Cell Transplantation ◽  
Transplantation Experiments

scholarly journals An attempt to hybridize Drosophila species using pole cell transplantation.

Genetics ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
pp. 1145-1148
Author(s):  
P A Lawrence ◽  
M Ashburner ◽  
P Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Drosophila Species ◽  
Hybrid Offspring ◽  
Pole Cell ◽  
Cell Transplants ◽  
Pole Cells ◽  
Pole Cell Transplantation

Abstract We have made hybrid embryos in Drosophila by pole cell transplants, by transferring pole cells from two species, D. rajasekari and D. eugracilis, into sterile D. melanogaster hosts. These females were then mated to melanogaster males and the older these females were, the further their hybrid offspring developed. In the case of the rajasekari/melanogaster hybrids, the embryos form cuticle but had defective heads, while the eugracilis/melanogaster hatched as larvae that grew but did not moult to the second instar. Hybrid pole cells could be transferred to melanogaster hosts but they failed to make eggs.

Sex determination in the germ line of Drosophila melanogaster: activation of the gene Sex-lethal

Development ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 813-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Granadino ◽  
P. Santamaria ◽  
L. Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Female Development ◽  
Pole Cell ◽  
Somatic Tissues ◽  
Wild Type Female ◽  
Sex Lethal ◽  
Pole Cell Transplantation

The germ line exhibits sexual dimorphism as do the somatic tissues. Cells with the 2X;2A chromosome constitution will follow the oogenic pathway and X;2A cells will develop into sperm. In both somatic and germ-line tissues, the sexual pathway chosen by the cells depends on the gene Sex-lethal (Sxl), whose function is continuously needed for female development. In the soma, the sex of the cells is autonomously determined by the X:A signal while, in the germ line, the sex is determined by cell autonomous (the X:A signal) and somatic inductive signals. Three X-linked genes have been identified, scute (sc), sisterless-a (sis-a) and runt (run), that determine the initial functional state of Sxl in the soma. Using pole cell transplantation, we have tested whether these genes are also needed to activate Sxl in the germ line. We found that germ cells simultaneously heterozygous for sc, sis-a, run and a deficiency for Sxl transplanted into wild-type female hosts develop into functional oocytes. We conclude that the genes sc, sis-a and run needed to activate Sxl in the soma seem not to be required to activate this gene in the germ line; therefore, the X:A signal would be made up by different genes in somatic and germ-line tissues. The Sxlf7M1/Sxlfc females do not have developed ovaries. We have shown that germ cells of this genotype transplanted into wild-type female hosts produce functional oocytes. We conclude that the somatic component of the gonads in Sxlf7M1/Sxlfc females is affected, and consequently germ cells do not develop.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Feasibility of Mesothelial Transplantation during Experimental Peritoneal Dialysis and Peritonitis

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 513-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.H.P. Hekking ◽  
J. Van Den Born
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Adhesion Formation ◽  
Mesothelial Cell ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Peritoneal Membrane ◽  
Trouble Shooting ◽  
Transplantation Experiments ◽  
Dialysis Fluids

The mesothelial cell layer lining the peritoneum orchestrates peritoneal homeostasis. Continuous exposure to peritoneal dialysis fluids and episodes of peritonitis may damage the monolayer irreversibly, eventually leading to adhesion formation and fibrosis/sclerosis of the peritoneum. Autologous mesothelial cell transplantation is thought to be one of the options to reduce dysfunction of the peritoneal membrane. In this article we will review the mesothelial cell transplantation experiments performed in the field of peritoneal dialysis and peritonitis. In addition we will focus on the trouble shooting using cultured autologous mesothelial cells for transplantation.

scholarly journals The Homologous Drosophila Transcriptional Adaptors ADA2a and ADA2b Are both Required for Normal Development but Have Different Functions

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (18) ◽  
pp. 8215-8227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tibor Pankotai ◽  
Orbán Komonyi ◽  
László Bodai ◽  
Zsuzsanna Újfaludi ◽  
Selen Muratoglu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Histone H3 ◽  
Functional Study ◽  
Null Mutation ◽  
Pole Cell ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Female Germ Line ◽  
Pole Cell Transplantation

ABSTRACT In Drosophila and several other metazoan organisms, there are two genes that encode related but distinct homologs of ADA2-type transcriptional adaptors. Here we describe mutations of the two Ada2 genes of Drosophila melanogaster. By using mutant Drosophila lines, which allow the functional study of individual ADA2s, we demonstrate that both Drosophila Ada2 genes are essential. Ada2a and Ada2b null homozygotes are late-larva and late-pupa lethal, respectively. Double mutants have a phenotype identical to that of the Ada2a mutant. The overproduction of ADA2a protein from transgenes cannot rescue the defects resulting from the loss of Ada2b, nor does complementation work vice versa, indicating that the two Ada2 genes of Drosophila have different functions. An analysis of germ line mosaics generated by pole-cell transplantation revealed that the Ada2a function (similar to that reported for Ada2b) is required in the female germ line. A loss of the function of either of the Ada2 genes interferes with cell proliferation. Interestingly, the Ada2b null mutation reduces histone H3 K14 and H3 K9 acetylation and changes TAF10 localization, while the Ada2a null mutation does not. Moreover, the two ADA2s are differently required for the expression of the rosy gene, involved in eye pigment production, and for Dmp53-mediated apoptosis. The data presented here demonstrate that the two genes encoding homologous transcriptional adaptor ADA2 proteins in Drosophila are both essential but are functionally distinct.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Exogenous Labels for the Histological Identification of Transplanted Neural Stem Cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca J. Nicholls ◽  
Jessie R. Liu ◽  
Michel Modo
Keyword(s):  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Hoechst 33342 ◽  
Cellular Effects ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Brdu Labeling ◽  
Transplantation Experiments

The interpretation of cell transplantation experiments is often dependent on the presence of an exogenous label for the identification of implanted cells. The exogenous labels Hoechst 33342, 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU), PKH26, and Qtracker were compared for their labeling efficiency, cellular effects, and reliability to identify a human neural stem cell (hNSC) line implanted intracerebrally into the rat brain. Hoechst 33342 (2 mg/ml) exhibited a delayed cytotoxicity that killed all cells within 7 days. This label was hence not progressed to in vivo studies. PKH26 (5 μM), Qtracker (15 nM), and BrdU (0.2 μM) labeled 100% of the cell population at day 1, although BrdU labeling declined by day 7. BrdU and Qtracker exerted effects on proliferation and differentiation. PKH26 reduced viability and proliferation at day 1, but this normalized by day 7. In an in vitro coculture assay, all labels transferred to unlabeled cells. After transplantation, the reliability of exogenous labels was assessed against the gold standard of a human-specific nuclear antigen (HNA) antibody. BrdU, PKH26, and Qtracker resulted in a very small proportion (<2%) of false positives, but a significant amount of false negatives (~30%), with little change between 1 and 7 days. Exogenous labels can therefore be reliable to identify transplanted cells without exerting major cellular effects, but validation is required. The interpretation of cell transplantation experiments should be presented in the context of the label's limitations.

Sex determination in germ line chimeras of Drosophila melanogaster

Development ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. B. van Deusen
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Sex Reversal ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Pole Cell ◽  
Cell Transplants ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Female Donor ◽  
Pole Cells ◽  
Pole Cell Transplantation

Of 55 flies developing from blastoderms which had received male or female pole cell transplants, 15 (7 females and 8 males) were shown by progeny testing to be germ line chimeras. Since donor and host pole cells were genetically marked with contrasting X- or Y-linked alleles, the progeny testing scheme enabled the genotypic sex of the donor component undergoing gametogenesis to be identified as either the same as (‘homosexual’ chimeras) or opposite (‘heterosexual’ chimeras) that of the host. All seven of the female chimeras were identified as ‘homosexual’ chimeras carrying only chromosomally female donor and XX host germ cells. Similarly, all eight males were shown to be ‘homosexual’ chimeras with chromosomally male XY donor and XY host germ cells. The chromosomal sex of the donor component undergoing gametogenesis was in every case the same as the phenotypic sex of the host. Since there is an equal probability of constructing either a ‘homosexual’ or a ‘heterosexual’ chimera during pole cell transplantation, the ability of pole cells to differentiate functional gametes in hosts of the opposite sex was tested 50 % of the time even if sex reversal of these donor pole cells could not be demonstrated. Thus the absence of ‘heterosexual’ chimerism strongly supports the interpretation that the phenotypic sex of a germ cell in Drosophila is determined entirely by its own chromosome constitution, not by that of the gonadal mesoderm.

Non-cell autonomous requirement for thebloodlessgene in primitive hematopoiesis of zebrafish

Development ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 649-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric C. Liao ◽  
Nikolaus S. Trede ◽  
David Ransom ◽  
Augustin Zapata ◽  
Mark Kieran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Product ◽  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Thymic Epithelium ◽  
Donor Cells ◽  
Primitive Hematopoiesis ◽  
Mutant Host ◽  
Transplantation Experiments

Vertebrate hematopoiesis occurs in two distinct phases, primitive (embryonic) and definitive (adult). Genes that are required specifically for the definitive program, or for both phases of hematopoiesis, have been described. However, a specific regulator of primitive hematopoiesis has yet to be reported. The zebrafish bloodless (bls) mutation causes absence of embryonic erythrocytes in a dominant but incompletely penetrant manner. Primitive macrophages appear to develop normally in bls mutants. Although the thymic epithelium forms normally in bls mutants, lymphoid precursors are absent. Nonetheless, the bloodless mutants can progress through embryogenesis, where red cells begin to accumulate after 5 days post-fertilization (dpf). Lymphocytes also begin to populate the thymic organs by 7.5 dpf. Expression analysis of hematopoietic genes suggests that formation of primitive hematopoietic precursors is deficient in bls mutants and those few blood precursors that are specified fail to differentiate and undergo apoptosis. Overexpression of scl, but not bmp4 or gata1, can lead to partial rescue of embryonic blood cells in bls. Cell transplantation experiments show that cells derived from bls mutant donors can differentiate into blood cells in a wild-type host, but wild-type donor cells fail to form blood in the mutant host. These observations demonstrate that the bls gene product is uniquely required in a non-cell autonomous manner for primitive hematopoiesis, potentially acting via regulation of scl.

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