Study of the argyrophilic structures of thymus connective tissue after exposure to x-rays

Abstract Background The anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibody is a diagnostic biomarker of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, some non-RA connective tissue disease (CTD) patients also test positive for the anti-CCP antibody and, thus, may ultimately develop RA. We retrospectively investigated whether anti-CCP-positive non-RA CTD patients developed RA and attempted to identify factors that may differentiate RA-overlapping CTD from pure CTD. Methods In total, 842 CTD patients with a primary diagnosis that was not RA were selected from our CTD database as of December 2012. Anti-CCP antibody titers were obtained from a retrospective chart review or measured using stored sera. RA was diagnosed according to the 1987 revised American College of Rheumatology classification criteria. Thirty-three anti-CCP-positive non-RA CTD patients were retrospectively followed up for the development of RA. Bone erosions on the hands and feet were assessed by X-ray. Citrullination dependency was evaluated by an in-house ELISA, the HLA-DRB1 allele was typed, and the results obtained were then compared between RA-overlapping and non-RA anti-CCP-positive CTD patients. Results Two out of 33 anti-CCP-positive CTD patients (6.1%) developed RA during a mean follow-up period of 8.9 years. X-rays were examined in 27 out of the 33 patients, and only one (3.7%) showed bone erosions. The frequency of the HLA-DRB1 shared epitope (SE) and anti-CCP antibody titers were both significantly higher in anti-CCP-positive RA-overlapping CTD patients than in anti-CCP-positive non-RA CTD patients, while no significant differences were observed in citrullination dependency. Conclusions Anti-CCP-positive non-RA CTD patients rarely developed RA. HLA-DRB1 SE and anti-CCP antibody titers may facilitate the differentiation of RA-overlapping CTD from anti-CCP-positive non-RA CTD.

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The action of rays on cancer cells

Kazan medical journal ◽

10.17816/kazmj76562 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 439-442

Author(s):

M. Friedland

Keyword(s):

Connective Tissue ◽

Beneficial Effect ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Harmful Effect ◽

General Effect ◽

X Rays

Opitz (ex. Zentrf. Gyn., 1923, no. 27) completely denies the direct harmful effect of X-rays and radium rays on cancer cells. In his opinion, the beneficial effect of rays in cancer depends on their general effect on the patient's body and the effect on the connective tissue surrounding the cancer nests.

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Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva: A case report

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3126/ajms.v5i4.9915 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 113-115

Author(s):

Sreedhar Vasala ◽

V Dharma Rao ◽

M Rajaneesh Reddy ◽

P Ramyatha Reddy ◽

K Murali

Keyword(s):

Connective Tissue ◽

Daily Living ◽

Distal Part ◽

Autosomal Dominant ◽

Genetic Disorder ◽

Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva ◽

X Rays ◽

Indian Literature ◽

Medical Sciences ◽

Heterotopic Ossifications

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a genetic disorder with unknown cause. Disease is characterized by heterotopic ossifications of connective tissue and congenital malformations of distal part of extremities. Most cases are sporadic and transmitted as autosomal dominant. As very few cases of FOP are being reported in Indian literature, we, therefore, report one such case here. Our case is a 20 years-old female patient who had bilateral short great toes with hallux valgus associated with heterotopic ossifications of connective tissue with restrictions of range of motion and disability of daily living activities. We have diagnosed it as FOP based on our physical examination and skeletal x-rays findings. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i4.9915 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2014 Vol.5(4); 113-115

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Histomorphological study of the spleen in indigenous Gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa)

The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.30539/iraqijvm.v41i2.57 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 100-105

Author(s):

S. M. Mirhish

Keyword(s):

Connective Tissue ◽

Research Work ◽

White Pulp ◽

X Rays ◽

Cellular Element ◽

Splenic Parenchyma ◽

Resin Injection ◽

Adjacent Structures ◽

Injection Methods ◽

Red Pulp

The study aimed to investigate the anatomical and histomorphometrical features of spleen in gazelle. To achieve this goal, spleens of 7 animals were used. The gross aspect of the study revealed that the spleen of gazelle appeared dark brown in color with elliptical shape and was situated at the left lateral surface of the rumen. It occupied the area extended from the 8th rib to 11th rib. Length and width of the spleens were calculated and the mean were 7.94±0.1, 5.88±0.2 respectively. There were three ligaments connected the spleen with adjacent structures, namely splenogastric, splenorenal and splenophrenic. The blood supply of the spleen was studied using X-rays and resin injection methods. The splenic artery was divided into three primary branches, each one subdivided into two secondary branches. The latter branched into tertiary branches which were distributed all over the splenic parenchyma. Microscopic findings showed that the capsule of spleen in gazelle was composed from of two layers, the outer one made of mainly of dense connective tissue; whereas the inner layer of capsule consisted of connective tissue fibers in addition to abundance of smooth muscle fibers interweaving among them. The total mean thickness of the capsule was 210.51+8.3 µm. The splenic parenchyma in gazelle consisted of white pulp represented by lymphoid follicles with their marginal zones and periarterial lymphatic sheath while the red pulp represented by splenic cords and sinusoids. The area of white pulp in the gazelle comprised about 9.6% of the spleen parenchyma. Red pulp composed mainly from cords of connective tissue and small sinuses or sinusoids filled with blood cellular element which extended among these cords and was lined by flattened endothelial cells with relatively large spaces or slits between them. The sinusoids were found to be lymphocytes, reticular, plasma, macrophages and occasional megakaryocytes whereas the megakaryocyte appeared large with acidophilic cytoplasm and dark elongated multilobated nucleus. This research work was performed in order to establish the basic histomorphological information helpful for the veterinary medical practice and veterinary surgions to developing their work on gazelle like designing the approach of some surgical operations like spleenectomy or any surgical entrance may be needed in these animal species.

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White-Light Coronal Structures: Streamers and CMEs

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100025045 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 144 ◽

pp. 82

Author(s):

E. Hildner

Keyword(s):

Emission Line ◽

Electron Density ◽

White Light ◽

Coronal Mass Ejections ◽

X Rays ◽

Solar Cycles ◽

Temperature Function ◽

X Ray ◽

Eclipse Observations ◽

Coronal Structures

AbstractOver the last twenty years, orbiting coronagraphs have vastly increased the amount of observational material for the whitelight corona. Spanning almost two solar cycles, and augmented by ground-based K-coronameter, emission-line, and eclipse observations, these data allow us to assess,inter alia: the typical and atypical behavior of the corona; how the corona evolves on time scales from minutes to a decade; and (in some respects) the relation between photospheric, coronal, and interplanetary features. This talk will review recent results on these three topics. A remark or two will attempt to relate the whitelight corona between 1.5 and 6 R⊙to the corona seen at lower altitudes in soft X-rays (e.g., with Yohkoh). The whitelight emission depends only on integrated electron density independent of temperature, whereas the soft X-ray emission depends upon the integral of electron density squared times a temperature function. The properties of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) will be reviewed briefly and their relationships to other solar and interplanetary phenomena will be noted.

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Emergence of Twisted Magnetic Flux Related Sigmoidal Brightening

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100064630 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 179 ◽

pp. 263-264

Author(s):

K. Sundara Raman ◽

K. B. Ramesh ◽

R. Selvendran ◽

P. S. M. Aleem ◽

K. M. Hiremath

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Magnetic Fields ◽

Magnetic Flux ◽

Ultra Violet ◽

Active Regions ◽

Morphological Properties ◽

Energy Storage And Conversion ◽

The Sun ◽

X Rays ◽

The Magnetic Field

Extended AbstractWe have examined the morphological properties of a sigmoid associated with an SXR (soft X-ray) flare. The sigmoid is cospatial with the EUV (extreme ultra violet) images and in the optical part lies along an S-shaped Hαfilament. The photoheliogram shows flux emergence within an existingδtype sunspot which has caused the rotation of the umbrae giving rise to the sigmoidal brightening.It is now widely accepted that flares derive their energy from the magnetic fields of the active regions and coronal levels are considered to be the flare sites. But still a satisfactory understanding of the flare processes has not been achieved because of the difficulties encountered to predict and estimate the probability of flare eruptions. The convection flows and vortices below the photosphere transport and concentrate magnetic field, which subsequently appear as active regions in the photosphere (Rust & Kumar 1994 and the references therein). Successive emergence of magnetic flux, twist the field, creating flare productive magnetic shear and has been studied by many authors (Sundara Ramanet al.1998 and the references therein). Hence, it is considered that the flare is powered by the energy stored in the twisted magnetic flux tubes (Kurokawa 1996 and the references therein). Rust & Kumar (1996) named the S-shaped bright coronal loops that appear in soft X-rays as ‘Sigmoids’ and concluded that this S-shaped distortion is due to the twist developed in the magnetic field lines. These transient sigmoidal features tell a great deal about unstable coronal magnetic fields, as these regions are more likely to be eruptive (Canfieldet al.1999). As the magnetic fields of the active regions are deep rooted in the Sun, the twist developed in the subphotospheric flux tube penetrates the photosphere and extends in to the corona. Thus, it is essentially favourable for the subphotospheric twist to unwind the twist and transmit it through the photosphere to the corona. Therefore, it becomes essential to make complete observational descriptions of a flare from the magnetic field changes that are taking place in different atmospheric levels of the Sun, to pin down the energy storage and conversion process that trigger the flare phenomena.

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The Clinical, Roentgenological and Morphological Effects of an Acute Exposure of Phosgene on the Lungs of Dogs

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100065237 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 236-237

Author(s):

R. F. Bils ◽

W. F. Diller ◽

F. Huth

Keyword(s):

Latent Period ◽

Chemical Industry ◽

Toxic Substance ◽

Lung Edema ◽

X Rays ◽

Beagle Dogs ◽

Male And Female ◽

Morphological Alterations ◽

Before And After ◽

Electron Microscopes

Phosgene still plays an important role as a toxic substance in the chemical industry. Thiess (1968) recently reported observations on numerous cases of phosgene poisoning. A serious difficulty in the clinical handling of phosgene poisoning cases is a relatively long latent period, up to 12 hours, with no obvious signs of severity. At about 12 hours heavy lung edema appears suddenly, however changes can be seen in routine X-rays taken after only a few hours' exposure (Diller et al., 1969). This study was undertaken to correlate these early changes seen by the roengenologist with morphological alterations in the lungs seen in the'light and electron microscopes.Forty-two adult male and female Beagle dogs were selected for these exposure experiments. Treated animals were exposed to 94.5-107-5 ppm phosgene for 10 min. in a 15 m3 chamber. Roentgenograms were made of the thorax of each animal before and after exposure, up to 24 hrs.

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Induction and Differentiation of Dental Epithelium in Vivo and in Vitro

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100053425 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 142-145

Author(s):

E. J. Kollar

Keyword(s):

Connective Tissue ◽

Oral Mucosa ◽

Basal Lamina ◽

Functional Derivatives ◽

Specific Source ◽

Dental Epithelium ◽

Connective Tissue Stroma

The differentiation and maintenance of many specialized epithelial structures are dependent on the underlying connective tissue stroma and on an intact basal lamina. These requirements are especially stringent in the development and maintenance of the skin and oral mucosa. The keratinization patterns of thin or thick cornified layers as well as the appearance of specialized functional derivatives such as hair and teeth can be correlated with the specific source of stroma which supports these differentiated expressions.

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Ultrastructure of Liver in Lactosyl Ceramidosis

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100065602 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 312-313

Author(s):

Z. Hruban ◽

J. R. Esterly ◽

G. Dawson ◽

A. O. Stein

Keyword(s):

Connective Tissue ◽

Liver Biopsy ◽

Osmium Tetroxide ◽

Close Contact ◽

Multivesicular Bodies ◽

Bile Canaliculi ◽

Dense Bodies ◽

Marginal Plates ◽

Membranous Material ◽

Perichromatin Granules

Samples of a surgical liver biopsy from a patient with lactosyl ceramidosis were fixed in paraformaldehyde and postfixed in osmium tetroxide. Hepatocytes (Figs. 1, 2) contained 0.4 to 2.1 μ inclusions (LCI) limited by a single membrane containing lucid matrix and short segments of curved, lamellated and circular membranous material (Fig. 3). Numerous LCI in large connective tissue cells were up to 11 μ in diameter (Fig. 2). Heterogeneous dense bodies (“lysosomes”) were few and irregularly distributed. Rough cisternae were dilated and contained smooth vesicles and surface invaginations. Close contact with mitochondria was rare. Stacks were small and rare. Vesicular rough reticulum and glycogen rosettes were abundant. Smooth vesicular reticulum was moderately abundant. Mitochondria were round with few cristae and rare matrical granules. Golgi complex was seen rarely (Fig. 1). Microbodies with marginal plates were usual. Multivesicular bodies were very rare. Neutral lipid was rare. Nucleoli were small and perichromatin granules were large. Small bile canaliculi had few microvilli (Fig. 1).

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Chemical Species Identification in an SEM by Changes in Emitted X-Ray Energies

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100052869 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 570-571

Author(s):

R. H. Duff

Keyword(s):

Species Identification ◽

Valence Electron ◽

Chemical Species ◽

X Rays ◽

Chemical Bonds ◽

Small Shift ◽

X Ray ◽

Electron Transitions ◽

Peak Energy ◽

Chemical Combination

A material irradiated with electrons emits x-rays having energies characteristic of the elements present. Chemical combination between elements results in a small shift of the peak energies of these characteristic x-rays because chemical bonds between different elements have different energies. The energy differences of the characteristic x-rays resulting from valence electron transitions can be used to identify the chemical species present and to obtain information about the chemical bond itself. Although these peak-energy shifts have been well known for a number of years, their use for chemical-species identification in small volumes of material was not realized until the development of the electron microprobe.

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