Medical morality, the nature of medicine and medical knowledge

Metamedicine ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-3
Author(s):  
H. Tristram Engelhardt
Keyword(s):  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Medical Morality ◽  
Nature Of Medicine

Medicine as a Lens to Examine Cross-Cultural Encounters: A Study of Medical Missionary Samuel Hayward Ford’s Writings in Nineteenth-Century New Zealand

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Tilson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Encounters ◽  
Cultural Encounter ◽  
Close Study ◽  
Medical Reports ◽  
Medical Missionary ◽  
Nature Of Medicine ◽  
The Church

Summary Medical missionary Samuel Hayward Ford arrived in New Zealand’s Bay of Islands in the late 1830s, a few years before the formal colonisation of the country. His letters and medical reports to the Committee of the Church Missionary Society revealed the complicated and malleable nature of medicine in the cross-cultural encounter. Through close study of Ford’s writings, this article argues that medicine worked to transform and interweave Māori and missionary worlds in precolonial New Zealand. Experiencing the spread of disease in the Bay of Islands, Ford practised and was influenced by evangelical humanitarianism, and he was also entangled in the politics of empire. More than this, his medicine exposed the missionary objective to transform Māori society, and it showcased not just cultural differences regarding medical knowledge but also the exchange of ideas and treatments between Māori and the missionaries.

Medicine, philosophy of

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth F. Schaffner ◽  
H. Tristram Engelhardt
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Medicine ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Practice Of Medicine ◽  
History Of ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Scientific Context ◽  
Disease Entities ◽  
Physician Patient ◽  
Nature Of Medicine

The philosophy of medicine can be generally defined as encompassing those issues in epistemology, axiology, logic, methodology and metaphysics generated by or related to medicine. Issues have frequently focused on the nature of the practice of medicine, on concepts of health and disease, and on understanding the kind of knowledge that physicians employ in diagnosing and treating patients. The history of philosophical reflections concerning medicine reaches back to ancient Greece. Medical knowledge took a further step in the nineteenth century with the introduction of clinical pathological correlations, statistical methods, and systematic experimentation, out of which grew substantive literature exploring the character of medical reasoning and the framing of diagnoses. Debates also developed over contrasting physiological, ontological, nominalist and realist accounts of disease entities. Contemporary philosophy of medicine has been concerned with the nature of medicine in an increasingly scientific context, a concern that has generated several models of medicine, including George Engel’s biopsychosocial model, as well as analyses of the nature of the physician–patient interaction. The longstanding debate over the ontological status of health and disease has been recapitulated and extended by a number of authors, favouring an objective, statistically-based account, while others argue for an irreducible social and valuational element in these concepts. Several approaches to diagnostic logic, including Bayesian and computer-based analyses, have been developed, and sophisticated methods of determining disease causation and therapeutic efficacy, including analyses of the randomized clinical trial, have also been explored. Whether the philosophy of medicine is a distinct discipline or a branch of the philosophy of science has provoked vigorous arguments.

Care, Labor and Medical Knowledge: Access to Health and Work in the Global Arena

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Khanna ◽  
Suzanne Morrissey ◽  
Amarah Niazi ◽  
Mirabelle Fernandes-Paul ◽  
Michele Gamburd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Care Labor ◽  
Global Arena ◽  
Knowledge Access

The Separation of Reviewing Knowledge from Medical Knowledge

1995 ◽  
Vol 34 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Musen ◽  
J. van der Lei
Keyword(s):  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Patient Record ◽  
Patient Records ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Arden Syntax

Abstract:The developers of reviewing systems that rely on computer-based patient-record systems as a source of data need to model reviewing knowledge and medical knowledge. We simulate how the same medical knowledge could be entered in four different systems: CARE, the Arden syntax, Essential-attending and HyperCritic. We subsequently analyze how the original knowledge is represented in the symbols or syntax used by these systems. We conclude that these systems provide different alternatives in dealing with the vocabulary provided by the computer-based patient records. In addition, the use of computer-based patient records for review poses new challenges for the content of that record: to facilitate review, the reasoning of the physician needs to be captured in addition to the actions of the physician.

Methodology of ECG Interpretation in the Padova Program

1990 ◽  
Vol 29 (04) ◽  
pp. 386-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Degani ◽  
G. Bortolan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Medical School ◽  
Fuzzy Set ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Main Aspect ◽  
Measurement Evaluation ◽  
Possibility Distributions ◽  
Linguistic Decision Making ◽  
The University ◽  
Ecg Interpretation

AbstractThe main lines ofthe program designed for the interpretation of ECGs, developed in Padova by LADSEB-CNR with the cooperation of the Medical School of the University of Padova are described. In particular, the strategies used for (i) morphology recognition, (ii) measurement evaluation, and (iii) linguistic decision making are illustrated. The main aspect which discerns this program in comparison with other approaches to computerized electrocardiography is its ability of managing the imprecision in both the measurements and the medical knowledge through the use of fuzzy-set methodologies. So-called possibility distributions are used to represent ill-defined parameters as well as threshold limits for diagnostic criteria. In this way, smooth conclusions are derived when the evidence does not support a crisp decision. The influence of the CSE project on the evolution of the Padova program is illustrated.

John Keats and Indian Medicine

Romanticism ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-166
Author(s):  
Nikki Hessell
Keyword(s):  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
John Keats ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Medical Studies ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Medical Practices ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Medical Imagery ◽  
Indian Medicine ◽  
The Impact

John Keats's medical studies at Guy's Hospital coincided with a boom in interest in both the traditional medicines of the sub-continent and the experiences of British doctors and patients in India. Despite extensive scholarship on the impact of Keats's medical knowledge on his poetry, little consideration has been given to Keats's exposure to Indian medicine. The poetry that followed his time at Guy's contains numerous references to the contemporary state of knowledge about India and its medical practices, both past and present. This essay focuses on Isabella and considers the major sources of information about Indian medicine in the Regency. It proposes that some of Keats's medical imagery might be read as a specific response to the debates about medicine in the sub-continent.

Cultures in Motion

2013 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Modern China ◽  
African Dance ◽  
Surprising Effect ◽  
Musical Practices ◽  
Labor Networks

This book offers new conceptual vocabularies for understanding how cultures have trespassed across geography and social space. From the transformations of the meanings and practices of charity during late antiquity and the transit of medical knowledge between early modern China and Europe, to the fusion of Irish and African dance forms in early nineteenth-century New York, the book follows a wide array of cultural practices through the lens of motion, translation, itinerancy, and exchange, extending the insights of transnational and translocal history. The book challenges the premise of fixed, stable cultural systems by showing that cultural practices have always been moving, crossing borders and locations with often surprising effect. The chapters offer striking examples from early to modern times of intrusion, translation, resistance, and adaptation. These are histories where nothing—dance rhythms, alchemical formulas, musical practices, feminist aspirations, sewing machines, streamlined metals, or labor networks—remains stationary.

The CMA’s First Code of Ethics: Medical Morality or Borrowed Ideology?

1983 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 20-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.D. NAYLOR
Keyword(s):  
Code Of Ethics ◽  
Medical Morality
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document