A pilot study on the efficacy of epiroprim against developmental stages ofToxoplasma gondii andPneumocystis carinii in animal models

1995 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 296-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Mehlhorn ◽  
W. Dankert ◽  
P. G. Hartman ◽  
R. L. Then
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Developmental Stages

Quantitative Sensory Testing in Animal Models of Chronic Pain: A Pilot Study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Monteiro ◽  
M. Moreau ◽  
C. Otis ◽  
L. De Lorimier ◽  
J. Pelletier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Quantitative Sensory Testing ◽  
Sensory Testing

The Emergence of 'Wanting to Do It Oneself': A Precursor of Achievement Motivation

1983 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Geppert ◽  
Ursula Küster
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Behavioral Patterns ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Sense Of Competence

The presented pilot study analyzes the prerequisites of achievement motivation by studying children's wanting to do things themselves. The development of the intention to produce an outcome and the development of the self-concept are critical elements in this study. Wanting to do it oneself as a precursor of achievement motivation is inferred from children's articulations of the desire to perform tasks by themselves after their flow of action is interrupted by the experimenter. Forty-one children between 0;9 and 6;6 years of age were observed while playing with a collection of tasks. Classifying the children's various reactions to the experimental manipulations revealed different behavioral patterns that supported the hypothesis of developmental stages of wanting to do things oneself; these stages corresponded to the degree of development of self-concept. The prerequisites of achievement motivation such as centering on the action-outcome, attributing outcome to the self as the originator, and relating outcome to a sense of competence were identified.

Structure and Function of the Normal Testis and Epididymis

1989 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupert P. Amann
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Germinal Epithelium ◽  
Sperm Production ◽  
Human Male ◽  
Conventional Animal ◽  
And Function ◽  
Hormonal Interactions

The structure and function of the testis and epididymis are described, emphasizing the general similarities and specific differences between various species and humans. Current concepts of spermatogenesis are reviewed and the developmental stages of the germinal epithelium are discussed, as well as the complex hormonal interactions that take place. It is crucial to recognize that the efficiency of sperm production and the epididymal reserves in the human are considerably lower than those of conventional animal models. Therefore, the human male is more susceptible to a decline in fertility caused by a specific decrement in spermatogenesis than is an animal model.

HUPO BPP pilot study: A proteomics analysis of the mouse brain of different developmental stages

PROTEOMICS ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (21) ◽  
pp. 4008-4015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Yong Gu ◽  
Lihong Wang ◽  
Xingyi Hang ◽  
Yan Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Mouse Brain ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Proteomics Analysis

scholarly journals Animal Models of Virus-Induced Neurobehavioral Sequelae: Recent Advances, Methodological Issues, and Future Prospects

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Bortolato ◽  
Sean C. Godar
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Behavioral Science ◽  
Diagnostic Category ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Intermediate Phenotypes ◽  
Early Developmental

Converging lines of clinical and epidemiological evidence suggest that viral infections in early developmental stages may be a causal factor in neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and autism-spectrum disorders. This etiological link, however, remains controversial in view of the lack of consistent and reproducible associations between viruses and mental illness. Animal models of virus-induced neurobehavioral disturbances afford powerful tools to test etiological hypotheses and explore pathophysiological mechanisms. Prenatal or neonatal inoculations of neurotropic agents (such as herpes-, influenza-, and retroviruses) in rodents result in a broad spectrum of long-term alterations reminiscent of psychiatric abnormalities. Nevertheless, the complexity of these sequelae often poses methodological and interpretational challenges and thwarts their characterization. The recent conceptual advancements in psychiatric nosology and behavioral science may help determine new heuristic criteria to enhance the translational value of these models. A particularly critical issue is the identification of intermediate phenotypes, defined as quantifiable factors representing single neurochemical, neuropsychological, or neuroanatomical aspects of a diagnostic category. In this paper, we examine how the employment of these novel concepts may lead to new methodological refinements in the study of virus-induced neurobehavioral sequelae through animal models.

Acquired platelet GPVI receptor dysfunction in critically-ill patients with sepsis

Blood ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Johannes Weiss ◽  
Georgi Manukjan ◽  
Annerose Pflug ◽  
Nadine Winter ◽  
Mathis Leonard Weigel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Vascular Integrity ◽  
Sepsis Diagnosis ◽  
Syk Kinase ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Icu Discharge

GPVI, the platelet immunoreceptor tyrosine activating motif (ITAM) receptor for collagen plays a striking role on vascular integrity in animal models of inflammation and sepsis. Understanding ITAM-receptor signaling defects in humans suffering from sepsis may improve our understanding of the pathophysiology, especially during disease onset. In a pilot study, platelets from fifteen septic patients were assessed consecutively at day of admission, day 5-7 and the day of ICU-discharge, and subjected to comprehensive analyses by flow cytometry, aggregometry and immunoblotting. Platelet function was markedly reduced in all patients. The defect was most prominent after GPVI stimulation with collagen-related peptide. In 14/15 patients GPVI-dysfunction was already present at time of ICU admission, considerably before the critical drop in platelet counts. Sepsis platelets failed to transduce the GPVI-mediated signal to trigger tyrosine phosphorylation of Syk kinase or LAT. GPVI deficiency was in part inducible in platelets of healthy donors through co-incubation in whole blood, but not in plasma from sepsis patients. Platelet aggregation upon GPVI stimulation increased only in those patients whose condition ameliorated. As blunted GPVI signaling occurred early at sepsis onset this defect could be exploited as an indicator for early sepsis diagnosis, which needs to be confirmed in prospective studies.

scholarly journals Kyasanur Forest disease virus non-mouse animal models: a pilot study

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Nikiforuk ◽  
K. Tierny ◽  
T. A. Cutts ◽  
D. K. Kobasa ◽  
S. S. Theriault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Forest Disease ◽  
Kyasanur Forest Disease

Update on the Animal Models and Underlying Mechanisms for ZIKV-Induced Microcephaly

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 459-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Xu ◽  
Cui Li ◽  
Cheng-Feng Qin ◽  
Zhiheng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Developmental Defects ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Global Threat

The circulation of Zika virus (ZIKV) in nearly 80 countries and territories poses a significant global threat to public health. ZIKV is causally linked to severe developmental defects in the brain, recognized as congenital Zika syndrome (CZS), which includes microcephaly and other serious congenital neurological complications. Since the World Health Organization declared the ZIKV outbreak a public health emergency of international concern, remarkable progress has been made in the generation of different ZIKV infection animal models to gain insight into cellular targets and pathogenesis and to explore the associated underlying mechanisms. Here we focus on summarizing our current understanding of the effects of ZIKV on mammalian brain development in different developmental stages and discuss the potential underlying mechanisms of ZIKV-induced CZS, as well as future perspectives.

Neonatal Animal Models: Experimental Anencephaly and Similarities to Spina Bifida

1989 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 997-1009
Author(s):  
Michael T. Smith ◽  
L. R. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Spina Bifida ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Neural Tubes ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Autopsy Specimens

Anencephaly and spina bifida are the two most common neural tube defects (NTDs) that occur in humans. They cause considerable fetal wastage and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Numerous animal models have been discovered and have been used to study these malformations. We used the scanning electron microscope (SEM) to compare the development of embryonic stages of spina bifida and anencephaly. Pregnant 180 g Sprague-Dawley rats were given either a 1 ml subcutaneous injection of 1% trypan blue on gestational days 7-8 or an intragastric administration of 75,000 units of vitamin A on gestational days 8-10 to produce embryos with spina bifida or anencephaly. Controls were given vehicle only. The SEM examination of day 9 and 10 embryos revealed no morphologic differences between controls and subjects. Subsequent gestational days showed closure of neural tubes in controls but progressive opening of neural tubes (in the rostral and caudal regions) in experimental subjects. Growth of the dysmorphic neural tube region with subsequent sponteneous necrosis late in gestation resulted in the mature malformations of anencephaly and spina bifida. This study emphasizes the similarities in the developmental stages of spina bifida and anencephaly. We also surveyed a large series of human anencephalic autopsy specimens and noted striking similarities to the animal model.

scholarly journals Research Protocol For A Pilot Study. The Effect Of ST (36) And Ren12 In The Control Of Hyperglycemia In Diabetic Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Sánchez Ramírez Martín ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis ◽  
Hypoglycemic Effect ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Research Protocol ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Adrenal Axis ◽  
Adrenal Cortical Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

These acupunture points stimulated with EA have shown their hypoglycemic effect in animal models. One of the main mechanisms by which this effect is supported is the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, regulating the secretion of adrenal cortical hormone.

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