Acute toxicity of some chlorinated phenolic compounds toSelenastrum capricornutum and phytoplankton

1985 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaija Kuivasniemi ◽  
Varpu Eloranta ◽  
Juha Knuutinen
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Chlorinated Phenolic Compounds

Changing perceptions of the effect of plant phenolics on nutrient supply in the ruminant

1996 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 829 ◽  
Author(s):  
JB Lowry ◽  
CS McSweeney ◽  
B Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Plant Phenolics ◽  
Ruminant Nutrition ◽  
Forage Plants ◽  
Hydrolysable Tannins ◽  
Semi Arid

Mammalian metabolism of plant phenolics, initially studied in monogastric animals, gave an emphasis to their toxic and antinutrient effects. Subsequent studies in tropical ruminants and wild herbivores have highlighted the high levels than can occur in some diets and the extensive microbial modification and degradation that can occur in the tract. This paper reviews aspects of plant phenolics as they relate to ruminant nutrition in tropical or semi-arid environments in which some forage plants contain high levels of phenolic compounds. Effects range from occasional acute toxicity of hydrolysable tannins, to acetate-releasing microbial degradations that apparently enable certain phenolics to act as nutrients. The most important and complex effects are those due to tannin-protein interactions. Although these can clearly reduce feed intake, nutrient digestibilities, and protein availability, many of the interactions are still not understood. The diverse effects of plant phenolics on nutrient flow probably result from the balance between adverse effects on some organisms and the rate at which they are degraded or inactivated by other organisms, and improved animal performance can likely be obtained by manipulation of rumen microbial metabolism.

Determination of Phenol and Chlorinated Phenolic Compounds Based on a PPO-Bioelectrode and Its Inhibition

1995 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Besombes ◽  
S. Cosnier ◽  
P. Labbé ◽  
G. Reverdy
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Chlorinated Phenolic Compounds

Transformation of Chlorinated Phenolic Compounds by White Rot Fungi

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Rubilar ◽  
Maria Cristina Diez ◽  
Liliana Gianfreda
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Chlorinated Phenolic Compounds

scholarly journals Analisis Toksisitas Akut Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Buah Cempedak pada Tikus Galur Wistar

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Rakhman Hakim ◽  
Rina Saputri
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Fruit Skin ◽  
Public Health Protection ◽  
Toxicity Effects

Kulit buah Cempedak yang digoreng (Manday) merupakan salah satu makanan yang umum dikonsumsi masyarakat di Kalimantan Selatan. Berdasarkan pengalaman dari beberapa masyarakat, keluhan yang sering terjadi adalah perut terasa perih dan kepala pusing. Evaluasi sifat toksik dari bagian tumbuhan yang dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat sangat penting untuk dilakukan dengan mempertimbangkan perlindungan kesehatan masyarakat karena paparan senyawa kimia dari bagian tumbuhan yang dapat menyebabkan efek yang tidak diinginkan pada masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi senyawa kimia dan efek toksisitas akut dari ekstrak etanol kulit buah cempedak. Kulit buah cempedak dikeringkan dengan menggunakan oven. Ekstraksi kulit buah cempedak menggunakan cara maserasi dengan cairan penyari etanol. Tikus uji diberi larutan kontrol Na CMC dan ekstrak dengan dosis 300 mg/kgBB, 1000 mg/kgBB, 2000 mg/kgBB, dan 5000 mg/kgBB. Hasil identifikasi senyawa kimia didapatkan positif mengandung triterpenoid, flavonoid, tanin, dan senyawa fenolik. Tikus uji yang menerima ekstrak dengan dosis 1000 mg/kgBB, 2000 mg/kgBB, dan 5000 mg/kgBB terjadi perubahan pada tikus uji berdasarkan pengamatan fisik yaitu mengalami peningkatan detak jantung atau takikardi, pernapasan cepat, tremor, dan agresif. Kata kunci: Kulit buah cempedak, senyawa kimia, toksisitas akut Rind of Cempedak fruit (Manday) is one of the foods commonly consumed by people in South Kalimantan. Based on the experience of several communities, complaints that often occur are sore stomach and headache. Evaluation of the toxic properties of plant parts consumed by the community is very important to be done by considering public health protection due to exposure to chemical compounds from parts of plants that can cause undesirable effects on the community. This study aims to identify chemical compounds and acute toxicity effects of ethanol extract rind of cempedak fruit. Rind of Cempedak fruit has dried using an oven. Extraction of cempedak fruit skin using maceration method with ethanol. Test rats were given Na CMC as a control and extract with dose 300 mg / kgBB, 1000 mg / kgBB, 2000 mg / kgBB, and 5000 mg / kgBB. The results of the identification of chemical compounds were obtained positively containing triterpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, and phenolic compounds. The test rats that received extracts at a dose of 1000 mg / kgBW, 2000 mg / kgBB, and 5000 mg / kgBW were changed in the test rats based on physical observations that experienced an increase in heart rate or tachycardia, rapid breathing, tremor, and aggressive. Keywords: acute toxicity, chemistry compounds, rind of cempedak fruit

scholarly journals Evaluation of Baffle Fixes Film up Flow Sludge Blanket Filtration (BFUSBF) System in Treatment of Wastewaters from Phenol and 2,4-Dinitrophenol Using Daphnia Magna Bioassay

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
Mohammad Javad Ghannadzadeh ◽  
◽  
Ahmad Jonidi Jafari ◽  
Abbas Rezaee ◽  
Fatemeh Eftekharian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Toxic Unit ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Different Types ◽  
As Toxicity

Background: Phenol and nitrophenol are common compounds found in different types of industrial wastewater known as serious threats to human health and natural environment. In this study, Daphnia magna was used to evaluate the effectiveness of "baffle fixes film up flow sludge blanket filtration" (BFUSBF) system in elimination of phenolic compounds from water. Methods: D. magna cultures were used as toxicity index of phenol and 2,4-DNP mixtures after treatment by a pilot BFUSBF system which consisted of baffle in anoxic section and biofilm in aerobic sections. Initial concentrations were 312 mg/L phenol and 288 mg/L 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP). Results: Bioassay tests showed that D. magna was influenced by the toxicity of phenol and 2,4 DNP mixtures. The comparison between the toxicity of initial phenol and 2,4-DNP mixtures and the output toxic unit (TU) derived from BFUSBF treatment system showed that the TU of the effluent from BFUSBF reactor was much lower than that of the solution that entered the reactor. Conclusion: Based on the acute toxicity test, BFUSBF process could reduce phenol and 2,4-DNP in aqueous solutions. Therefore, it is possible to use BFUSBF process as an appropriate treatment option for wastewaters containing phenolic compounds.

Behaviour of chlorinated phenolic compounds in bleach-plant, treatment-system and archipelago area

Chemosphere ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 2839-2852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Palm ◽  
Jaakko Paasivirta ◽  
Reino Lammi
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Chlorinated Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Plant Treatment

Aqatic toxicity equivalency factors for chlorinated phenolic compounds present in pulp mill effluents

1993 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Kovacs ◽  
P. H. Martel ◽  
R. H. Voss ◽  
P. E. Wrist ◽  
R. F. Willes
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Equivalency Factors ◽  
Pulp Mill Effluents ◽  
Chlorinated Phenolic Compounds
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