The genius of E. E. metchnikoff—Discoveries over the centuries

1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rem V. Petrov ◽  
Tatyana I. Ulyankina
Keyword(s):  
International Symposium ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Nobel Prize Winner ◽  
Honorary Member ◽  
150Th Anniversary ◽  
Opening Ceremony ◽  
The World ◽  
Scientific Academies

On the 15 of May we celebrated the 150th anniversary of the outstanding Russian biologist Elias E. Metchnikoff (1845–1916)—Nobel Prize winner (1908), full and honorary member of many scientific academies of the world. His main works were applied to the zoology of invertebtates, evolution, embryology, immunology, microbiology, infectious pathology, gerontology, etc. Elias Metchnikoff published essays on anthropology, theory of orthobiosis, role of social and social-hygienic factors in solving the problems of old age and life elongation. On 30 May-2 June 1995 an International Symposium dedicated to Metchnikoff's 150th anniversary was held in Moscow. This is a text of the lecture given by us at the opening ceremony.

scholarly journals Maria Sklodowska-Curie, Pierre Curie

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-199
Author(s):  
O. B. Karyakin
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Nobel Prize Winner ◽  
Doctoral Dissertation ◽  
Marie Curie ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Good Memory ◽  
The World ◽  
Pierre Curie ◽  
Nobel Prize In Physics

On July 26, 1895, Pierre Curie and Maria Sklodowska were married.  On June 23, 1903, Maria presented her doctoral dissertation “Investigation of radioactive substances” at the Sorbonne, which described the results of hard work in previous years, including the isolation of new elements - polonium and radium. In the same 1903, Marie and Pierre Curie were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics “in recognition of the exceptional services they rendered to science through the joint research of radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel”. She became the first female - laureate and remained the only one until 1935, when her daughter Irene was awarded the Nobel Prize.  In 1911, Marie Curie received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry “for outstanding achievements in the development of chemistry: the discovery of the elements radium and polonium, the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element”. Marie Curie became the first and to date the only woman in the world -twice the Nobel Prize winner.  After many years, the proposal of Marie and Pierre Curie on the use of radium in medicine has been implemented at the present time. Studied and proved its effectiveness in the treatment of bone metastases of prostate cancer.  The merits of these scientists before the whole world can hardly be overestimated. Humanity gratefully keeps a good memory for great discoveries for the benefit of people.

Jules Bordet: immunologist, bacteriologist and Nobel Prize winner

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Harold Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Nobel Prize Winner ◽  
150Th Anniversary

This year marks the 150th anniversary of the birth of Jules Jean Baptiste Vincent Bordet, to give him his full name, the Belgian immunologist and bacteriologist.

scholarly journals The role of the Riga Latvian Society in the life of students and graduates of the Riga Polytechnicum / Riga Polytechnic Institute (1862–1919)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 24-44
Author(s):  
Alīda Zigmunde ◽  
Maija Pozemkovska
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Academic Staff ◽  
National Development ◽  
Polytechnic Institute ◽  
150Th Anniversary ◽  
Poor Students ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future

The Riga Latvian Society (RLS) is the oldest Latvian organization in the world, where students, graduates and academic staff from oldest universities in the territory of Latvia – the Riga Polytechnicum (RP), from 1896 – the Riga Polytechnic Institute (RPI), had worked. The activities of the Society and its members have been diverse and varied, and their results are different, too. The heritage preserved for the future is books compiled and translated by Latvians that are well-known folk historical and cultural values, and new educated, patriotic generations of Latvians. Poor students were supported as much as possible, enabling them to achieve their chosen goals and contribute to Latvia’s economic and national development, culture and education. The 150th anniversary of the RLS, the collaboration of the Society with the RP / RPI students, graduates and academic staff until 1919, has been studied.

scholarly journals In memory of Ivan P. Pavlov

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 528-529
Author(s):  
Elena V. Ipatova
Keyword(s):  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Nobel Prize Winner ◽  
International Congress ◽  
Russian Scientist ◽  
Great Scientist ◽  
The World ◽  
National Science ◽  
Science Community

Ivan P. Pavlov was the first Russian Nobel Prize winner, a great scientist, the pride of the national science community and ‘the first physiologist of the world’, as described by his colleagues at an international congress. 22 February 2016 marks 80 years since the death of the Russian scientist, physiologist Ivan Pavlov.

Introduction: A New Way to Read Nature

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
J. Arvid Ågren
Keyword(s):  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Nobel Prize Winner ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
Natural Laws ◽  
The World ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Special Case ◽  
The Way

There really is something special about biology. The French biochemist and Nobel Prize winner Jacques Monod described its position among the sciences as simultaneously marginal and central (Monod 1970, p. xi). It is marginal, because its object of study—living organisms—are but a special case of chemistry and physics, contributing to only a minuscule part of the universe. Biology will never be the source of natural laws in the way physics is. At the same time, if, as Monod believed, the whole point of science is to understand humanity’s place in the world, then biology is the most central of them all. No other field of study deals so directly with the question of who we are and how we got here in the first place....

Outstanding Economist Developing from the Great Mathematician (to the Centenary of Leonid Kantorovich)

2012 ◽  
pp. 42-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Makarov
Keyword(s):  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Nobel Prize Winner ◽  
Soviet Economy ◽  
Great Mathematician ◽  
World Science ◽  
The World ◽  
Soviet Scientist

The article considers the life and creative achievements of the great Soviet scientist academician Leonid Kantorovich, the only Nobel Prize winner in economics in our country. Basic spheres of his scientific interests are noted, the contribution to the world science is assessed. The problems connected with the implementation of optimization methods of planning in the Soviet economy are shown.

The metabolic logistics of stress, diabetes mellitus and works by Bernardo Alberto Houssay

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 104-111
Author(s):  
Leonid Pavlovich Churilov ◽  
Vladimir Iosiphovich Utekhin
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Acute Phase Response ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Nobel Prize Winner ◽  
Phase Response ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
Secondary Diabetes

The paper deals with redistribution of energetic and plastic resources in the organism during stress, acute phase response and diabetes mellitus. Assuming metabolic regulation is based upon balanced contradictory influences of diverse chemical signals (substrates, ions, autacoids, hormones, neurotransmitters, physiological autoantibodies) the peculiarities of insulin- and counter-insulin effects during acute and chronic adaptation under stress, acute phase response and diabetes mellitus have been discussed. The role of chronic stress and accompanying metabolic disorders has been accentuated as a basis for stress-associated diseases’ development. The role of outstanding Argentinean pathophysiologist Bernardo Alberto Houssay (1887-1971) is discussed. He had devoted himself to studies of pituitary bioregulators’ influence on insulin effects immediately after insulin discovery and had established in 1924 that pituitary removal is able to increase sensitivity to insulin in dogs, and developed “secondary diabetes mellitus” concept as a result of counter-insulin hormones’ excess (especially hormones of adenohypophysis and the adrenal glands (“steroid diabetes”). Bernardo Alberto Houssay was really the first to experimentally prove pituitary and adrenal bioregulators to oppose the insulin effects. Bernardo Alberto Houssay has been 46 times nominated for the Nobel prize for 17 years (1931 through 1947), and finally was awarded the Nobel prize in 1947 for achievements in Physiology and Medicine for disclosing the role of pituitary in carbohydrate metabolism (he was the first ever Nobel prize winner from Latin America). The paper discusses publications by B. A. Houssay, current development of his ideas, as well as historical and biographical information on his research and his scientific school of endocrinologists-pathophysiologists in the context of his epoch, on the background of history of Argentina [3 figs, bibliography: 34 refs].

scholarly journals The Synovium Theory: Can Exercise Prevent Knee Osteoarthritis? The Role of “Mechanokines”, A Possible Biological Key

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelino Di Rosa ◽  
Paola Castrogiovanni ◽  
Giuseppe Musumeci
Keyword(s):  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
The World

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a debilitating disease widespread in the world, having a negative impact on daily activities, especially in old age [...]

scholarly journals Unus mundus. Człowiek i natura w języku prozy Olgi Tokarczuk

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-84
Author(s):  
Ewa Sławkowa
Keyword(s):  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Nobel Prize Winner ◽  
The World ◽  
And Control

The author attempts a polemic against the thesis on the anthropocentric nature of language, which has been established in linguistics. To this end, she proposes reading Olga Tokarczuk’s prose in the categories of post- and transhumanism to show that the writer’s works encompass the vision of the world which challenges the thesis on anthropocentrism of language adopted in linguistics. The object of the analysis is the linguistic phenomena (coming from various language layers: mainly lexical, syntactic, and orthographic ones) expressing the writer’s conviction of the unity of the human and non-human worlds and her clearly environmentally friendly attitude, which can be found in individual works by the Nobel Prize winner, and thus questioning the order of the reality based on human dominance and control over the nature. Keywords: posthumanism – anthropocentrism of language – metaphor – poetic definition

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