The impact of a dominant industry on a metropolitan area: A case study of Wichita, Kansas

1971 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-83
Author(s):  
J. David Reed
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
The Impact

Effectiveness of Barriers at Suicide Jumping Sites: A Case Study

2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 557-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette L. Beautrais
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Central City ◽  
Young Male ◽  
National Database ◽  
Extreme Caution ◽  
Safety Barriers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Objectives: Suicide safety barriers were removed from a central city bridge in an Australasian metropolitan area in 1996 after having been in place for 60 years. The bridge is a known suicide site and is located adjacent to the region's largest hospital, which includes an acute inpatient psychiatric unit. This paper examines the impact of the removal of these barriers on suicide rates. Method: Data for suicide deaths by jumping from the bridge in question, from 1992to 2000, were obtained from the regional City Police Inquest Office. Data for suicide deaths by jumping from other sites in the metropolitan area in question, from 1992 to 1998, were obtained from the national health statistics database. Case history data about each suicide death by jumping in the metropolitan area in question, from 1994 to 1998, were abstracted from coronial files held by a national database. Results: Removal of safety barriers led to an immediate and substantial increase in both the numbers and rate of suicide by jumping from the bridge in question. In the 4 years following the removal of the barriers (compared with the previous 4 years) the number of suicides increased substantially, from three to 15 (χ2 = 8, df = 1, p < 0.01); the rate of such deaths increased also (χ2 = 6.6, df = 1, p < 0.01). The majority of those who died by jumping from the bridge following the removal of the safety barriers were young male psychiatric patients, with psychotic illnesses. Following the removal of the barriers from the bridge the rate of suicide by jumping in the metropolitan area in question did not change but the pattern of suicides by jumping in the city changed significantly with more suicides from the bridge in question and fewer at other sites. Conclusions: Removal of safety barriers from a known suicide site led to a substantial increase in the numbers of suicide deaths by jumping from that site. These findings appear to strengthen the case for installation of safety barriers at suicide sites in efforts to prevent suicide deaths, and also suggest the need for extreme caution about the removal of barriers from known jumping sites.

scholarly journals Assessing Urban Greenness Fragmentation and Analysis of Its Associated Factors: A Case Study in Wuhan Metropolitan Area, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 760
Author(s):  
Husheng Fang ◽  
Moquan Sha ◽  
Wenjuan Lin ◽  
Dai Qiu ◽  
Zongyao Sha
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Urban Vegetation ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Wuhan Metropolitan Area ◽  
The Impact

Green vegetation plays a vital role in urban ecosystem services. Rapid urbanization often tends to induce urban vegetation cover fragmentation (UVCF) in cities and suburbs. Mapping the changes in the structure (aggregation) and abundance of urban vegetation cover helps to make improved policies for sustainable urban development. In this paper, a new distance-based landscape indicator to UVCF, Frag, was proposed first. Unlike many other landscape indicators, Frag measures UVCF by considering simultaneously both the structure and abundance of vegetation cover at local scales, and thus provides a more comprehensive perspective in understanding the spatial distribution patterns in urban greenness cover. As a case study, the urban greenness fragmentation indicated by Frag was demonstrated in Wuhan metropolitan area (WMA), China in 2015 and 2020. Support vector machine (SVM) was then designed to examine the impact on the Frag changes from the associated factors, including urbanization and terrain characteristics (elevation and slope). The Frag changes were mapped at different scales and modeled by SVM from the selected factors, which reasonably explained the Frag changes. Sensitivity analysis for the SVM model revealed that urbanization showed the most dominant factor for the Frag changes, followed by terrain elevation and slope. We conclude that Frag is an effective scale-dependent indicator to UVCF that can reflect changes in the structure and abundance of urban vegetation cover, and that modeling the impact of the associated factors on UVCF via the Frag indicator can provide essential information for urban planners.

Assessing the demographic situation in single-industry cities: The Nizhny Novgorod agglomeration case study

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 857-879
Author(s):  
Mariya A. NIKONOVA ◽  
Ekaterina V. AKINFEEVA
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Industry Specialization ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
Novgorod Oblast ◽  
Effective Governance ◽  
Agglomeration Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Nizhny Novgorod Oblast

Subject. This article deals with the issues of development of the economy of monocities and creation of agglomerations. Objectives. The article aims to assess the impact of an urban agglomeration on changing the demographic situation in the monocities that make up its membership. Methods. Examining the data of the Federal State Statistics Service, and official websites of the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast and monocities under consideration, we used a comparative analysis. Results. Manufacturing and agriculture are the basis of the industry specialization of the monocities under consideration. During the period 2018–2020, the demographic situation in the monocities of the Nizhny Novgorod metropolitan area has not changed much. Conclusions. To include a monocity in the metropolitan area, its various features should be considered. Comprehensive institutional measures to create effective governance models are necessary to heighten an agglomeration effect.

scholarly journals The impact of state taxes on the development and growth of the trucking industry

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-46
Author(s):  
Thomas Lambert ◽  
Hokey Min
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Location Decisions ◽  
Trucking Industry ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Vehicle Usage ◽  
State Taxes ◽  
The Impact

The presence of certain state taxes is believed to have a negative impact on truck registration and the location decisions of trucking firms. For example, in a metropolitan area that covers two or more states, a trucking firm might not choose to locate in the county that is in close proximity to the metropolitan area’s business districts, population centers, and largest concentration of customers, if that county is in a state that imposes the taxes. Instead, it might choose to locate in a county that belongs to another state that does not impose such taxes as long as that county is adjacent to the metropolitan area’s most industrialized districts. This paper examines the impact that state taxes have on the very competitive trucking industry. Through a case study of Kentucky, we illustrate how state taxes such as the motor vehicle usage tax and the weight distance tax can adversely affect the trucking firm’s decisions in registering and plating trucks, and in locating its facilities.

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