The carcinogenic effect of 2,2-dioxopropylnitrosamine on the renal pelvic epithelium of Sprague-Dawley rats, after chronic subcutaneous injections

Abstract Background Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is mainly used for detecting white matter fiber in the brain. From this, DTI has been applied to assess fiber in liver disorders by prior studies. But non-sufficient data has been obtained if DTI could be used for exactly staging chronic hepatitis. This study is to assess the value of DTI for staging of liver fibrosis (F), necroinflammatory activity (A), and steatosis (S) of chronic hepatitis in rats. Methods Seventy male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control group(n = 10) and experimental group(n = 60). The rat models of chronic hepatitis were established by abdominal subcutaneous injections of 40% CCl4. All rats underwent 3.0T MRI. ROIs were placed on DTI to estimate MR parameters (rADC value and FA value). Histopathology was the reference standard. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the association between MR parameters and pathology. The differences in rADC value and FA value among pathological stages were evaluated by MANOVA or ANOVA. LSD was used to test the differences between each two groups. ROC analysis was performed. Results The numbers of each pathology were as follows: F0(n = 15), F1(n = 11), F2(n = 6), F3(n = 9), F4(n = 6); A0(n = 8), A1(n = 16), A2(n = 16), A3(n = 7); S0(n = 10), S1(n = 7), S2(n = 3), S3(n = 11), S4(n = 16). The rADC value had a negative correlation with liver fibrosis (r=-0.392, P = 0.008) and inflammation (r=-0.359, P = 0.015). FA value had a positive correlation with fibrosis (r = 0.409, P = 0.005). Significant differences were found in FA value between F4 and F0 ~ F3 (P = 0.03), while no significant differences among F0 ~ F3 were found (P > 0.05). AUC of FA value in differentiating F4 from F0 ~ F3 was 0.909(p < 0.001) with 83.3% Sensitivity, 85.4% specificity when the FA value was at the cut-off of 588.089(× 10− 6mm2/s). Conclusion FA value for DTI can distinguish early cirrhosis from normal, mild and moderate liver fibrosis.

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An ultrastructural and enzyme cytochemical study of the response of the neutrophil series to a local inflammatory stimulus in the rat.

Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry ◽

10.1177/30.4.7061829 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 323-330 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

D M Williams ◽

R Gillett ◽

J E Linder

Keyword(s):

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Enzyme Reaction ◽

Synthetic Activity ◽

Inflammatory Stimulus ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Absolute Increase ◽

Cytochemical Study ◽

Subcutaneous Injections ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Mature Neutrophil

Changes in neutrophil precursor populations in the bone marrow and their alkaline phosphatase reactivity following an inflammatory stimulus were studied in the rat using an osmiophilic method. Seven groups each of 3 Sprague-Dawley rats received subcutaneous injections of turpentine, and femoral marrow was examined at intervals up to 72 hr. Depletion of mature neutrophils resulted in an increased first in the myeloblast-promyelocyte compartment and at 48-72 hr in the myelocyte-metamyelocyte population. By 72 hr replenishment of the mature neutrophil marrow population had begun. Within 6 hr marked acceleration of cytoplasmic maturation was evident, together with accelerated synthetic activity, manifested by marked dilatation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and an enlarged Golgi. Together with these changes there was an increase in the number of alkaline phosphatase reactive cells, which was evident first in the myeloblast-promyelocyte population at 2 hr. An absolute increase in the amount of enzyme reaction product associated with individual cells was also seen.

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Serum Antibody Titers in Rats Receiving Repeated Small Subcutaneous Injections of Hemoglobin or Polyhemoglobin: A Preliminary Report

The International Journal of Artificial Organs ◽

10.1177/039139888600900311 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 179-182 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

C.M. Hertzman ◽

P.E. Keipert ◽

T.M.S. Chang

Keyword(s):

Preliminary Report ◽

Serum Antibody ◽

Blood Substitute ◽

Cross Linking ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Subcutaneous Injections ◽

Artificial Blood ◽

Double Antibody ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Antibody Titers

Cross-linking hemoglobin (Hb) into Polyhemoglobin (PolyHb) for use as an artificial blood substitute may affect its antigenicity. To investigate this, male Sprague-Dawley rats are immunized with one of the following: rat stroma-free Hb (rSFHb), rat PolyHb (rPolyHb), human stroma-free Hb (hSFHb), and human PolyHb (hPolyHb). Antibody titers are quantified using a double antibody radioimmunoassay. These results show that more antibodies are produced to hPolyHb than to hSFHb, whereas rSFHB and rPolyHb are relatively non-antigenic. Thus, under homologous conditions, cross-linking hemoglobin does not significantly increase its antigenicity, whereas under heterologous conditions the molecule becomes more antigenic.

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Electron Diffraction Studies in Mercury Neuropoisoning

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100091330 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 34 ◽

pp. 270-271

Author(s):

W. W. Shelton ◽

T. K. Chatterjee

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Electron Diffraction ◽

Uranyl Acetate ◽

Granule Cell Layer ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Subcutaneous Injections ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Cacodylate Buffer ◽

Cerebellar Tissue

Mercurials have been shown to accumulate in the vertebrate cerebellum and ultimately induce cytological pathology, especially in the granule cell layer, under conditions of experimental poisoning (1). This report describes some preliminary results of electron diffraction and electron microscopy (Philips EM300) studies on cerebellar tissue of rats poisoned with mercuric bichloride (MB) (Fisher Scientific Co.) and phenylmercuric acetate (PMA) (Eastman). One group of male albino Sprague Dawley rats was treated with single subcutaneous injections of 10 mg. MB per kg. body weight and observed for one week, and another group intraperitoneally with 2 mg. PMA per kg. body weight three times a week for two months. The animals were anesthetized and perfused intracardially with 3% glutaraldehyde in 0.1M cacodylate buffer and the selected tissue samples were further processed according to standard methods, terminating with uranyl acetate and lead citrate staining.

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EFFECT OF CALCITONIN ON THE REGENERATION OF A CIRCUMSCRIBED BONE DEFECT (BORED HOLE IN THE RAT TIBIA)

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0690497 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 69 (3) ◽

pp. 497-506 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

R. Ziegler ◽

G. Delling

Keyword(s):

Bone Resorption ◽

Healing Process ◽

The Other ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Subcutaneous Injections ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Calcitonin Treatment ◽

Rat Tibia ◽

Original Size ◽

Tetracycline Labelling

ABSTRACT In 20 intact and 20 parathyroidectomized female Sprague-Dawley rats, holes with a diameter of 1.8 mm were bored into the proximal third of the tibia. Half the animals served as controls and received the vehicle, the remainder received daily subcutaneous injections of 100 MRCmU calcitonin in 5 % gelatin. Tetracycline labelling was performed weekly. 5 animals from each group were sacrificed after 3 weeks, the other 5 after 6 weeks. Nondecalcified ground sections through the center of the holes were evaluated with an integration ocular; the surface of the newly formed bone was compared with the original size of the defect. The course of the regeneration for the control animals was in agreement with previous data in the literature. Calcitonin treatment produced a distinct acceleration of the healing process. Presumably, the hormone does not only act via inhibition of bone resorption, but also by stimulating the activity of osteoblasts and by increasing the mineralization of the osteoid seams.

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Changes in core temperature and feeding in rats by levorphanol and dextrorphan

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/y79-154 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 57 (9) ◽

pp. 1028-1032 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

J. A. Thornhill ◽

M. Hirst ◽

C. W. Gowdey

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Feeding Activity ◽

Control Period ◽

Saline Control ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Continuous Reinforcement Schedule ◽

Continuous Reinforcement ◽

Subcutaneous Injections ◽

Daily Food ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats

Male Sprague–Dawley rats received saline for 5 days before and 5 days after daily subcutaneous injections of levorphanol or dextrorphan tartrate (8 mg base/kg) for 10 days. Core temperatures, measured by telemetry, and acquisition of food pellets on a continuous reinforcement schedule were monitored simultaneously and recorded every 30 min for each rat throughout the experiment. After the first levorphanol injections signs of acute intoxication were apparent, and a mild but delayed hyperthermia was observed and food intake declined. With repeated injections of levorphanol peak hyperthermia increased and occurred with a shorter latency after administration, as did a phase of 'stimulated' feeding activity. This phase of vigorous feeding during light hours markedly disrupted the characteristic diurnal pattern of daily food intake. During withdrawal temperatures decreased, feeding became more intermittent, and signs of increased irritability were evident in the levorphanol group. Patterns during daily injections of dextrorphan, and after its withdrawal, were similar to those in the saline control period. These results indicate that the patterns of change in temperature and feeding responses to levorphanol are similar to those found earlier with heroin, codeine, and morphine, and that these changes involve stereospecific receptors.

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Effects of Subcutaneously Injected Graded Doses of All-Trans Retinoic Acid and All-Trans Retinoyl beta-Glucuronide on the Outcome of Pregnancy in Sprague-Dawley Rats

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831.72.4.229 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 72 (4) ◽

pp. 229-235 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Amanda Ueltschy ◽

Desiree Gunning ◽

Arun Barua ◽

James Olson

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Retinoic Acid ◽

Equivalent Amount ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Subcutaneous Injections ◽

Live Births ◽

Trans Retinoic Acid ◽

All Trans Retinoic Acid ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Dose Levels

The effects of single subcutaneous injections (sc) of graded doses (20, 40, 80, 160, 320, and 480 mumol/kg body weight (BW) of all-trans retinoic acid (RA) and all-trans retinoyl beta-glucuronide (RAG) on day 8.5 of gestation on the outcome of pregnancy in Sprague-Dawley rats was studied. At dose levels of 20, 40, and 80 mumol/kg BW, neither RA nor RAG showed any adverse maternal or fetal effects. However, at dose levels of 160, 320, and 480 mumol/kg, RA was found to be much more toxic than RAG to both mother and fetus. Fetuses of animals receiving a 160 mumol/ kg BW dose of RA were significantly reduced in weight and length, while animals receiving the same dose of RAG had fetuses of normal size. RA doses of 320 and 480 mumol/ kg BW resulted in symptoms of maternal toxicity and even death. In contrast, RAG at these high levels produced no signs of maternal toxicity. RAG doses of 320 and 480 mumol/ kg BW were also less toxic to fetuses. RA doses of 320 mumol/kg BW resulted in only 8% live births, while animals treated with an equivalent amount of RAG experienced 95% live births. Animals receiving a dose of 480 mumol/kg BW of RA had no live births, but similar doses of RAG resulted in 28% live births and pups of normal size.

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