Quantitative Analysis of Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Chronic Hepatitis in Rats

Abstract Background Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is mainly used for detecting white matter fiber in the brain. From this, DTI has been applied to assess fiber in liver disorders by prior studies. But non-sufficient data has been obtained if DTI could be used for exactly staging chronic hepatitis. This study is to assess the value of DTI for staging of liver fibrosis (F), necroinflammatory activity (A), and steatosis (S) of chronic hepatitis in rats. Methods Seventy male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control group(n = 10) and experimental group(n = 60). The rat models of chronic hepatitis were established by abdominal subcutaneous injections of 40% CCl4. All rats underwent 3.0T MRI. ROIs were placed on DTI to estimate MR parameters (rADC value and FA value). Histopathology was the reference standard. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the association between MR parameters and pathology. The differences in rADC value and FA value among pathological stages were evaluated by MANOVA or ANOVA. LSD was used to test the differences between each two groups. ROC analysis was performed. Results The numbers of each pathology were as follows: F0(n = 15), F1(n = 11), F2(n = 6), F3(n = 9), F4(n = 6); A0(n = 8), A1(n = 16), A2(n = 16), A3(n = 7); S0(n = 10), S1(n = 7), S2(n = 3), S3(n = 11), S4(n = 16). The rADC value had a negative correlation with liver fibrosis (r=-0.392, P = 0.008) and inflammation (r=-0.359, P = 0.015). FA value had a positive correlation with fibrosis (r = 0.409, P = 0.005). Significant differences were found in FA value between F4 and F0 ~ F3 (P = 0.03), while no significant differences among F0 ~ F3 were found (P > 0.05). AUC of FA value in differentiating F4 from F0 ~ F3 was 0.909(p < 0.001) with 83.3% Sensitivity, 85.4% specificity when the FA value was at the cut-off of 588.089(× 10− 6mm2/s). Conclusion FA value for DTI can distinguish early cirrhosis from normal, mild and moderate liver fibrosis.

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Diffusion Tensor Imaging Quantifying the Severity of Chronic Hepatitis in Rats

10.21203/rs.3.rs-20509/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mengping Huang ◽

Xin Lu ◽

Xiaofeng Wang ◽

Jian Shu

Keyword(s):

Chronic Hepatitis ◽

Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽

Liver Fibrosis ◽

Diffusion Tensor ◽

Control Group ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Subcutaneous Injections ◽

Necroinflammatory Activity ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Pathological Stages

Abstract Background: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is mainly used for detecting white matter fiber in the brain. DTI was applied to assess fiber in liver disorders in previous studies. However, the data obtained have been insufficient in determining if DTI can be used to exactly stage chronic hepatitis. This study assessed the value of DTI for staging of liver fibrosis (F), necroinflammatory activity (A) and steatosis (S) with chronic hepatitis in rats. Methods: Seventy male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a control group(n=10) and an experimental group(n=60). The rat models of chronic hepatitis were established by abdominal subcutaneous injections of 40% CCl4. All of the rats underwent 3.0T MRI. Regions of interest (ROIs) were subjected to DTI to estimate the MR parameters (rADC value and FA value). Histopathology was used as the reference standard. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the associations between the MR parameters and pathology. The differences in the MR parameters among the pathological stages were evaluated by MANOVA or ANOVA. The LSD test was used to test for differences between each pair of groups. ROC analysis was also performed. Results: The count of each pathology was as follows: F0(n=15), F1(n=11), F2(n=6), F3(n=9), F4(n=6); A0(n=8), A1(n=16), A2(n=16), A3(n=7); S0(n=10), S1(n=7), S2(n=3), S3(n=11), S4(n=16). The rADC value had a negative correlation with liver fibrosis (r=-0.392, P=0.008) and inflammation (r=-0.359, P=0.015). The FA value had a positive correlation with fibrosis (r=0.409, P=0.005). Significant differences were found in the FA values between F4 and F0~F3 (P=0.03), while no significant differences among F0~F3 were found (P> 0.05). The AUC of the FA value differentiating F4 from F0~F3 was 0.909 (p<0.001) with an 83.3% sensitivity and an 85.4% specificity when the FA value was at the cut-off of 588.089 (×10-6mm2/s).Conclusion: The FA value for DTI can distinguish early cirrhosis from normal, mild and moderate liver fibrosis, but the rADC value lacked the ability to differentiate among the fibrotic grades. Both the FA and rADC values were unable to discriminate the stages of necroinflammatory activity and steatosis.

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Interaction of Manganese and Ammonia in the Brain of Hepatic Encephalopathy Rats

Hepatitis Monthly ◽

10.5812/hepatmon.102208 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (8) ◽

Author(s):

Jingjing Lu ◽

Ying Li ◽

Cui Zhang ◽

Xiuying Yang ◽

Jin Wei Qiang

Keyword(s):

Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽

Glutamine Synthetase ◽

Control Group ◽

Blood Ammonia ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Rat Models ◽

Functional Changes ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Mn Content ◽

The Brain

Background: Both ammonia and manganese (Mn) play a key role in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) and cause similar morphological and functional changes in astrocytes. Objectives: To investigate the interaction between brain Mn and ammonia in HE rats. Methods: Three rat models of minimal HE (MHE), chronic manganism (CHM), and chronic hyperammonemia (CHA) were constructed. A total of 48 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into one control group (n = 6), MHE groups (n = 18, among which six rats were used to evaluate the MHE model), CHM groups (n = 12), and CHA groups (n = 12). The CHM, CHA, and the rest of MHE rats were randomly divided further into two subgroups, according to the MgSO4 treatment (oral administration of 496 mg/kg/day for seven weeks): MHE-7W and MHE + Mg-7W; CHM-7W and CHM + Mg-7W; and CHA-7W and CHA + Mg-7W, respectively. Rats’ blood ammonia, brain Mn, glutamine synthetase (GS), and glutamine (GLN) levels were measured and compared among groups. Results: Significantly higher brain Mn content in MHE-7W and CHM-7W rats, higher blood ammonia levels, brain GS activity, and GLN content were observed in MHE-7W, CHM-7W, and CHA-7W rats than in control rats. After MgSO4 treatment for seven weeks, significantly lower brain Mn content, blood ammonia levels, and GLN content were observed in MHE, CHM, and CHA rats. Conclusions: Our study showed that brain Mn accumulation could increase brain ammonia levels, while the accumulation of brain ammonia had no effect on the content of brain Mn.

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Qualitative and Quantitative Neuropathology Approaches Using Magnetic Resonance Microscopy (Diffusion Tensor Imaging) and Stereology in a Hexachlorophene Model of Myelinopathy in Sprague-Dawley Rats

Toxicologic Pathology ◽

10.1177/0192623320968210 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (8) ◽

pp. 965-980

Author(s):

Robert C. Sills ◽

G. Allan Johnson ◽

Robert J. Anderson ◽

Crystal L. Johnson ◽

Michael Staup ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽

White Matter ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Diffusion Tensor ◽

Magnetic Resonance Microscopy ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

Quantitative Measurements ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Intramyelinic Edema

It is well established that hexachlorophene, which is used as an antibacterial agent, causes intramyelinic edema in humans and animal models. The hexachlorophene myelinopathy model, in which male Sprague-Dawley rats received 25 to 30 mg/kg hexachlorophene by gavage for up to 5 days, provided an opportunity to compare traditional neuropathology evaluations with magnetic resonance microscopy (MRM) findings. In addition, stereology assessments of 3 neuroanatomical sites were compared to quantitative measurements of similar structures by MRM. There were positive correlations between hematoxylin and eosin and luxol fast blue stains and MRM for identifying intramyelinic edema in the cingulum of corpus callosum, optic chiasm, anterior commissure (aca), lateral olfactory tracts, pyramidal tracts (py), and white matter tracts in the cerebellum. Stereology assessments were focused on the aca, longitudinal fasciculus of the pons, and py and demonstrated differences between control and treated rats, as was observed using MRM. The added value of MRM assessments was the ability to acquire qualitative 3-dimensional (3-D) images and obtain quantitative measurements of intramyelinic edema in 26 neuroanatomical sites in the intact brain. Also, diffusion tensor imaging (fractional anisotropy [FA]) indicated that there were changes in the cytoarchitecture of the white matter as detected by decreases in the FA in the treated compared to the control rats. This study demonstrates creative strategies that are possible using qualitative and quantitative assessments of potential white matter neurotoxicants in nonclinical toxicity studies. Our results lead us to the conclusion that volumetric analysis by MRM and stereology adds significant value to the standard 2-D microscopic evaluations.

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Intravascular Streaming and Variable Delivery to Brain following Carotid Artery Infusions in the Sprague-Dawley Rat

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism ◽

10.1038/jcbfm.1988.15 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 116-120 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Stephen C. Saris ◽

Donald C. Wright ◽

Edward H. Oldfield ◽

Ronald G. Blasberg

Keyword(s):

Carotid Artery ◽

Temporal Cortex ◽

Brain Regions ◽

External Carotid Artery ◽

External Carotid ◽

Control Group ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Intraarterial Infusion ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

The Brain

Intracarotid artery infusions in animals are commonly performed in studies of the blood–brain barrier and in chemotherapy trials. Implicit in the analysis of these experiments is that the infusate will be distributed to the territory of the internal carotid artery in a manner that is proportional to blood flow. Fifteen Sprague-Dawley rats were studied to determine if poor infusate mixing with blood due to intravascular streaming occurred during intracarotid artery drug infusions and if it could be eliminated with fast retrograde infusion. In three experimental groups, a radiolabeled flow tracer—14C-iodoantipyrine (IAP)—was infused retrograde through the external carotid artery into the common carotid artery at slow, medium, and fast rates (0.45, 1.5, and 5.0 ml/min). In a control group, IAP was injected intravenously (i.v.). Local isotope concentrations in the brain were determined by quantitative autoradiography, and the variability of isotope delivery was assessed in the frontoparietal cortex, temporal cortex, and caudate putamen of all animals. Streaming phenomena were manifest in all selected anatomic areas after the slow and medium rates of intraarterial infusion. After fast intracarotid infusion or i.v. injection, there was uniform distribution of isotope in the same brain regions.

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Chronic hepatitis: Role of diffusion-weighted imaging and diffusion tensor imaging for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis and inflammation

Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

10.1002/jmri.21227 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 89-95 ◽

Cited By ~ 144

Author(s):

Bachir Taouli ◽

Malik Chouli ◽

Alastair J. Martin ◽

Aliya Qayyum ◽

Fergus V. Coakley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Hepatitis ◽

Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽

Liver Fibrosis ◽

Diffusion Weighted Imaging ◽

Diffusion Tensor ◽

Diffusion Weighted ◽

And Diffusion

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Protective Effect ofPhaleria macrocarpaWater Extract (Proliverenol) against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Fibrosis in Rats: Role of TNF-αand TGF-β1

Journal of Toxicology ◽

10.1155/2018/2642714 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nanik Sundari ◽

Vivian Soetikno ◽

Melva Louisa ◽

Bantari W. Wardhani ◽

Raymond R. Tjandrawinata

Keyword(s):

Carbon Tetrachloride ◽

Liver Fibrosis ◽

Protective Effect ◽

Transforming Growth Factor ◽

Water Extract ◽

Control Group ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Liver Histopathology ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Phaleria Macrocarpa

Phaleria macrocarpais one of the Indonesian herbal plants which has been shown to have a hepatoprotective effect. This study was conducted to evaluate the protective effect of water extract of mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) in liver fibrosis and to elucidate its mechanism of action. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) for 8 weeks to induce liver fibrosis. Rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=5), i.e., control group, CCl4 group, CCl4 + NAC group, CCl4 + various doses of water extract ofPhaleria macrocarpa(50, 100, and 150 mg/kg body weight). Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), liver histopathology, malondialdehyde (MDA), ratio GSH/GSSG, Tumor Necrosis Factor- (TNF-)α, and Transforming Growth Factor- (TGF-)β1were analyzed.This study demonstrated that water extract ofPhaleria macrocarpaand NAC significantly protected CCl4-induced liver injury as demonstrated by reduced AST, ALT, ALP, and fibrosis percentage compared with the CCl4-only group. In addition, water extract ofPhaleria macrocarpaand NAC significantly reduced the levels of MDA, TNF-α, and TGF-β1as well as increasing the ratio of GSH/GSSG. Water extract ofPhaleria macrocarpaprevents CCl4-induced fibrosis in rats. The prevention of liver fibrosis was at least in part through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and through its capacity to inhibit hepatic stellate cells (HSC) activation by reducing fibrogenic cytokine TGF-β1.

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3-nitrotyrosine levels in dichlorvos-induced neurotoxicity

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology ◽

10.2478/10004-1254-65-2014-2416 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

pp. 109-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Dilek Guvenç ◽

Abdurrahman Aksoy ◽

Yavuz Kursad ◽

Enes Atmaca ◽

Oguzhan Yavuz

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

High Performance ◽

Array Detector ◽

Control Group ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Photodiode Array Detector ◽

Photodiode Array ◽

Group 2 ◽

The Brain

Summary The aim of this study was to evaluate dichlorvos toxicity in terms of nitro-oxidative stress by determining 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) levels in the fore, mid, and hindbrain regions in acutely exposed rats. Male Sprague- Dawley rats were randomly allocated to three groups of eight. Group 1 was administered a single intraperitoneal dichlorvos dose of 1.8 mg kg-1 (0.1xLD50) and group 2 a dose of 9 mg kg-1 (0.5xLD50). The control group received 0.5 mL saline solution via the same route. 3-NT and tyrosine (TYR) levels were measured using high performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector (HPLC-PDA) and expressed as a ratio of 3-NT to TYR. The 3-NT/1000 TYR ratios increased significantly in the fore-, mid- and hindbrains of the exposed groups compared to control (p<0.01). In the forebrain, the increase was also significant between the treated groups. Our study has confirmed that acute exposure to dichlorvos leads to nitro-oxidative stress in the brain and that 3-NT may play a role in the mechanism of dichlorvos neurotoxicity.

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Permeability of the microcirculation in area postrema of rat

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100103802 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 348-349

Author(s):

Shams M. Ghoneim ◽

Frank M. Faraci ◽

Gary L. Baumbach

Keyword(s):

Brain Stem ◽

Area Postrema ◽

Upper Body ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Sodium Cacodylate ◽

Acute Hypertension ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Ultrastructural Characteristics ◽

The Brain ◽

Adjacent Brain

The area postrema is a circumventricular organ in the brain stem and is one of the regions in the brain that lacks a fully functional blood-brain barrier. Recently, we found that disruption of the microcirculation during acute hypertension is greater in area postrema than in the adjacent brain stem. In contrast, hyperosmolar disruption of the microcirculation is greater in brain stem. The objective of this study was to compare ultrastructural characteristics of the microcirculation in area postrema and adjacent brain stem.We studied 5 Sprague-Dawley rats. Horseradish peroxidase was injected intravenously and allowed to circulate for 1, 5 or 15 minutes. Following perfusion of the upper body with 2.25% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M sodium cacodylate, the brain stem was removed, embedded in agar, and chopped into 50-70 μm sections with a TC-Sorvall tissue chopper. Sections of brain stem were incubated for 1 hour in a solution of 3,3' diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride (0.05%) in 0.05M Tris buffer with 1% H2O2.

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Skeletal Muscle Metabolomic Responses to Endurance and Resistance Training in Rats under Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18041645 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 1645

Author(s):

Xiangyu Liu ◽

Xiong Xue ◽

Junsheng Tian ◽

Xuemei Qin ◽

Shi Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistance Exercise ◽

Endurance Exercise ◽

Field Tests ◽

Treadmill Running ◽

Control Group ◽

Mild Stress ◽

Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Exercise Interventions ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats

The objectives of this study were to compare the antidepressant effects between endurance and resistance exercise for optimizing interventions and examine the metabolomic changes in different types of skeletal muscles in response to the exercise, using a rat model of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression. There were 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats randomly divided into a control group (C) and 3 experimental groups: CUMS control (D), endurance exercise (E), and resistance exercise (R). Group E underwent 30 min treadmill running, and group R performed 8 rounds of ladder climbing, 5 sessions per week for 4 weeks. Body weight, sucrose preference, and open field tests were performed pre and post the intervention period for changes in depressant symptoms, and the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles were sampled after the intervention for metabolomic analysis using the 1H-NMR technique. The results showed that both types of exercise effectively improved the depression-like symptoms, and the endurance exercise appeared to have a better effect. The levels of 10 metabolites from the gastrocnemius and 13 metabolites from the soleus of group D were found to be significantly different from that of group C, and both types of exercise had a callback effect on these metabolites, indicating that a number of metabolic pathways were involved in the depression and responded to the exercise interventions.

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