scholarly journals An ultrastructural and enzyme cytochemical study of the response of the neutrophil series to a local inflammatory stimulus in the rat.

1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
D M Williams ◽  
R Gillett ◽  
J E Linder
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Enzyme Reaction ◽  
Synthetic Activity ◽  
Inflammatory Stimulus ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Absolute Increase ◽  
Cytochemical Study ◽  
Subcutaneous Injections ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Mature Neutrophil

Changes in neutrophil precursor populations in the bone marrow and their alkaline phosphatase reactivity following an inflammatory stimulus were studied in the rat using an osmiophilic method. Seven groups each of 3 Sprague-Dawley rats received subcutaneous injections of turpentine, and femoral marrow was examined at intervals up to 72 hr. Depletion of mature neutrophils resulted in an increased first in the myeloblast-promyelocyte compartment and at 48-72 hr in the myelocyte-metamyelocyte population. By 72 hr replenishment of the mature neutrophil marrow population had begun. Within 6 hr marked acceleration of cytoplasmic maturation was evident, together with accelerated synthetic activity, manifested by marked dilatation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and an enlarged Golgi. Together with these changes there was an increase in the number of alkaline phosphatase reactive cells, which was evident first in the myeloblast-promyelocyte population at 2 hr. An absolute increase in the amount of enzyme reaction product associated with individual cells was also seen.

scholarly journals Quantitative Analysis of Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Chronic Hepatitis in Rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengping Huang ◽  
Xin Lu ◽  
Xiaofeng Wang ◽  
Jian Shu
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Subcutaneous Injections ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Pathological Stages ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is mainly used for detecting white matter fiber in the brain. From this, DTI has been applied to assess fiber in liver disorders by prior studies. But non-sufficient data has been obtained if DTI could be used for exactly staging chronic hepatitis. This study is to assess the value of DTI for staging of liver fibrosis (F), necroinflammatory activity (A), and steatosis (S) of chronic hepatitis in rats. Methods Seventy male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control group(n = 10) and experimental group(n = 60). The rat models of chronic hepatitis were established by abdominal subcutaneous injections of 40% CCl4. All rats underwent 3.0T MRI. ROIs were placed on DTI to estimate MR parameters (rADC value and FA value). Histopathology was the reference standard. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the association between MR parameters and pathology. The differences in rADC value and FA value among pathological stages were evaluated by MANOVA or ANOVA. LSD was used to test the differences between each two groups. ROC analysis was performed. Results The numbers of each pathology were as follows: F0(n = 15), F1(n = 11), F2(n = 6), F3(n = 9), F4(n = 6); A0(n = 8), A1(n = 16), A2(n = 16), A3(n = 7); S0(n = 10), S1(n = 7), S2(n = 3), S3(n = 11), S4(n = 16). The rADC value had a negative correlation with liver fibrosis (r=-0.392, P = 0.008) and inflammation (r=-0.359, P = 0.015). FA value had a positive correlation with fibrosis (r = 0.409, P = 0.005). Significant differences were found in FA value between F4 and F0 ~ F3 (P = 0.03), while no significant differences among F0 ~ F3 were found (P > 0.05). AUC of FA value in differentiating F4 from F0 ~ F3 was 0.909(p < 0.001) with 83.3% Sensitivity, 85.4% specificity when the FA value was at the cut-off of 588.089(× 10− 6mm2/s). Conclusion FA value for DTI can distinguish early cirrhosis from normal, mild and moderate liver fibrosis.

THE EFFECT OF STILBOESTROL ANALOGUES ON THE METABOLISM OF STEROIDS BY THE TESTIS AND PROSTATE OF THE RAT IN VITRO

1973 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
VARAPAN DANUTRA ◽  
MAUREEN E. HARPER ◽  
K. GRIFFITHS
Keyword(s):  
Marked Effect ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Sesame Oil ◽  
Prostatic Tissue ◽  
Synthetic Activity ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Testosterone Administration

SUMMARY Male Sprague—Dawley rats were injected (i.m.) daily for 10 days with 100 μg of either oestradiol-17β, diethylstilboestrol (DES), dl-dihydrodibutylstilboestrol (dl-DHBS) or meso-dihydrodibutylstilboestrol (meso-DHBS) in 0·2 ml sesame oil. After 10 days, the testicular tissue was removed and incubated simultaneously with [7α-3H]dehydroepiandrosterone and [4-14C]17α-hydroxyprogesterone. Less testosterone was synthesized by the testicular tissue from animals treated with oestradiol-17β, DES and meso-DHBS than by the controls or animals treated with dl-DHBS. The decreased synthetic activity was related to the decreased activity of both the 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 17α-pregnene-C17, 20-lyase enzyme systems. Prostatic tissue was also incubated with [7α-3H]testosterone. Administration of DES, oestradiol-17β or meso-DHBS increased the metabolism of testosterone by the prostatic tissue with a marked effect on the 5α-reductase enzyme system.

Loss of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in chronic pneumonia is not mediated by nitric oxide

1993 ◽  
Vol 265 (5) ◽  
pp. H1523-H1528 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. McCormack ◽  
N. A. Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Pressor Response ◽  
Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Absolute Increase ◽  
Pulmonary Vasoconstriction ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
The Difference

In pulmonary inflammatory processes such as pneumonia there is diminished hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV). We investigated whether the attenuated HPV in pneumonia is a due to excess nitric oxide (NO) release. Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized, and a slurry (0.06 ml) of infected agar beads (containing 6 x 10(5) Pseudomonas aeruginosa organisms) or control (sterile) beads was then injected into a distal bronchus through a tracheotomy. After the establishment of a chronic P. aeruginosa pneumonia (7-10 days later) animals were instrumented for hemodynamic monitoring, and the response to exposure to hypoxic gas (fraction of inspired O2 = 0.08) was recorded before and after the administration of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA; 50 mg/kg), an inhibitor of NO synthesis. The hypoxic pressor response, as assessed by the absolute increase in pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) and total pulmonary resistance (TPR), was reduced in infected animals compared with control animals. The change in PAP and TPR was 8.5 +/- 0.7 and 0.053 +/- 0.007, respectively, in control animals compared with 5.9 +/- 0.5 and 0.041 +/- 0.011 in infected animals. After L-NMMA the increase in PAP and TPR during hypoxia was greater in both control and infected animals. However, treatment with L-NMMA did not affect the difference between control and infected animals. We conclude that excess release of NO does not account for the attenuated hypoxic pressor response in pneumonia.

Subchronic Toxicity of S-111-S-WB in Sprague Dawley Rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jozef J. W. M. Mertens ◽  
Daniel W. Sved ◽  
Gary B. Marit ◽  
Nichole R. Myers ◽  
Phil L. Stetson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Lower Serum ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Steady State Serum ◽  
Effect Level

S-111-S-WB, a mixture of perfluoro fatty acid ammonium salts (C6-C13), was administered orally to Crl:CD (SD)IGS-BR rats. Higher hepatic β-oxidation and liver weights with hepatocellular hypertrophy were present at the 0.125 and 0.6 mg/kg/d dosage. The 0.6 mg/kg/d males developed hepatocellular degeneration and necrosis. Lower serum protein and higher bilirubin and BUN were seen in the 0.6 mg/kg/d males and lower globulin and higher alkaline phosphatase in the 0.125 mg/kg/d males and 0.6 mg/kg/d animals. After 2 weeks, serum concentrations of pentadecafluorooctanoic acid (C8), heptadecafluorononanoic acid (C9), perfluoroundecanoic acid (C11), and perfluorotridecanoic acid (C13) were constant for at least 8 hours. After 90 days, only C9 in the 0.025 mg/kg/d females had reached steady state. Serum C8 and C9 concentrations in the males were 10-fold higher than in the females, whereas C11 and C13 were similar for both genders. The main elimination was via the urine for C8 (males) and C9 (females), and via the feces for C11 and C13. The no-observed-effect level (NOEL) was 0.025 mg/kg/d for the males and 0.125 mg/kg/d for the females.

Selective activation of norepinephrine- and epinephrine-secreting chromaffin cells in rat adrenal medulla

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (3) ◽  
pp. R716-R721 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Vollmer ◽  
A. Baruchin ◽  
S. S. Kolibal-Pegher ◽  
S. P. Corey ◽  
E. M. Stricker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Chromaffin Cells ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Synthetic Activity ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Selective Activation ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Contrast Exposure

The differential effects of insulin-induced hypoglycemia and cold exposure on adrenal medullary epinephrine (Epi) and norepinephrine (NE) cells were investigated in male Sprague-Dawley rats. In rats fasted overnight, insulin produced a marked hypoglycemia that resulted in a 70% decrease in adrenal medullary Epi content 3 h after the insulin was administered. No change in NE content was observed. Plasma Epi concentration was increased markedly after insulin, with a smaller increment in NE. In contrast, exposure to a 4 degrees C environment selectively reduced adrenal NE content, with the effect reaching statistical significance at 18 h. Cold exposure also led to a significant rise in plasma NE but not Epi. Both insulin-induced hypoglycemia and cold exposure significantly elevated adrenal dopamine, indicating that catecholamine synthesis was stimulated. Further evidence of enhanced catecholamine formation was the observation that inhibition of synthesis with alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (AMT) greatly augmented the ability of insulin-induced hypoglycemia to selectively reduce adrenal medullary Epi content. Similarly, in cold-exposed animals, AMT pretreatment accelerated the NE depletion so that a significant decline was observed at 3 h. These results support the conclusion that the two major populations of adrenal catecholamine-secreting cells may be preferentially stimulated by different stressors. Moreover, augmented synthetic activity functions to maintain catecholamine stores in both Epi- and NE-secreting cells.

Serum Antibody Titers in Rats Receiving Repeated Small Subcutaneous Injections of Hemoglobin or Polyhemoglobin: A Preliminary Report

1986 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M. Hertzman ◽  
P.E. Keipert ◽  
T.M.S. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Blood Substitute ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Subcutaneous Injections ◽  
Artificial Blood ◽  
Double Antibody ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Antibody Titers

Cross-linking hemoglobin (Hb) into Polyhemoglobin (PolyHb) for use as an artificial blood substitute may affect its antigenicity. To investigate this, male Sprague-Dawley rats are immunized with one of the following: rat stroma-free Hb (rSFHb), rat PolyHb (rPolyHb), human stroma-free Hb (hSFHb), and human PolyHb (hPolyHb). Antibody titers are quantified using a double antibody radioimmunoassay. These results show that more antibodies are produced to hPolyHb than to hSFHb, whereas rSFHB and rPolyHb are relatively non-antigenic. Thus, under homologous conditions, cross-linking hemoglobin does not significantly increase its antigenicity, whereas under heterologous conditions the molecule becomes more antigenic.

Electron Diffraction Studies in Mercury Neuropoisoning

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 270-271
Author(s):  
W. W. Shelton ◽  
T. K. Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Granule Cell Layer ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Subcutaneous Injections ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Cerebellar Tissue

Mercurials have been shown to accumulate in the vertebrate cerebellum and ultimately induce cytological pathology, especially in the granule cell layer, under conditions of experimental poisoning (1). This report describes some preliminary results of electron diffraction and electron microscopy (Philips EM300) studies on cerebellar tissue of rats poisoned with mercuric bichloride (MB) (Fisher Scientific Co.) and phenylmercuric acetate (PMA) (Eastman). One group of male albino Sprague Dawley rats was treated with single subcutaneous injections of 10 mg. MB per kg. body weight and observed for one week, and another group intraperitoneally with 2 mg. PMA per kg. body weight three times a week for two months. The animals were anesthetized and perfused intracardially with 3% glutaraldehyde in 0.1M cacodylate buffer and the selected tissue samples were further processed according to standard methods, terminating with uranyl acetate and lead citrate staining.

EFFECT OF CALCITONIN ON THE REGENERATION OF A CIRCUMSCRIBED BONE DEFECT (BORED HOLE IN THE RAT TIBIA)

1972 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ziegler ◽  
G. Delling
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Subcutaneous Injections ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Calcitonin Treatment ◽  
Rat Tibia ◽  
Original Size ◽  
Tetracycline Labelling

ABSTRACT In 20 intact and 20 parathyroidectomized female Sprague-Dawley rats, holes with a diameter of 1.8 mm were bored into the proximal third of the tibia. Half the animals served as controls and received the vehicle, the remainder received daily subcutaneous injections of 100 MRCmU calcitonin in 5 % gelatin. Tetracycline labelling was performed weekly. 5 animals from each group were sacrificed after 3 weeks, the other 5 after 6 weeks. Nondecalcified ground sections through the center of the holes were evaluated with an integration ocular; the surface of the newly formed bone was compared with the original size of the defect. The course of the regeneration for the control animals was in agreement with previous data in the literature. Calcitonin treatment produced a distinct acceleration of the healing process. Presumably, the hormone does not only act via inhibition of bone resorption, but also by stimulating the activity of osteoblasts and by increasing the mineralization of the osteoid seams.

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