Effect of benomyl on soil fungi associated with rye. 1. Effect on the incidence of sharp eyespot caused by Rhizoctonia cerealis

1980 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. P. Hoeven ◽  
G. J. Bollen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Sharp Eyespot ◽  
Rhizoctonia Cerealis

scholarly journals First report of Rhizoctonia cerealis causing sharp eyespot in Panicum virgatum in the UK

2001 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 807-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. V. Etheridge ◽  
L. Davey ◽  
D. G. Christian
Keyword(s):  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
First Report ◽  
Sharp Eyespot ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Rhizoctonia Cerealis

scholarly journals Susceptibility of winter Triticale Cultivars to Rhizoctonia Cerealis (sharp eyespot) and R. Solani

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Lemańczyk
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Disease Index ◽  
High Susceptibility ◽  
North Central ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Sharp Eyespot ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Rhizoctonia Cerealis ◽  
Seedling Infection

AbstractIn the field study period from 2006 to 2010, the incidence and severity of sharp eyespot caused byRhizoctoniawere recorded on 36 cultivars of triticale at the milk ripe growth stage. Four localities in north-central Poland were included: Chrząstowo, Dębina, Kończewice and Minikowo. The susceptibility of the seedlings of 30 cultivars of triticale toR. cerealis(AG-D subgroup I) andR. solani(AG-5) was studied in the laboratory. There was much variation in incidence and severity of sharp eyespot between years and locations. The disease was most intense at Chrząstowo. At this location, the mean percentage of diseased stems on 28 cultivars was 2.6-35.7 (-55.0), and the mean disease index was 0.7-15.6 (-24.5), with the lowest and highest values in 2008 and 2009, respectively. At Minikowo, the disease was least intense. At this location, the mean percentage of diseased stems on 23 cultivars was 1.0-4.6 (-18.0), and the mean disease index was 0.3-1.4 (-6.3), with the lowest and highest values in 2006 and 2007, respectively. The cultivars with least intense disease were Tulus and Atletico (Chrząstowo), Grenado and Zorro (Dębina), Krakowiak and Tornado (Kończewice), and Woltario and Constans (Minikowo). The cultivars with most intense disease were Alekto (Chrząstowo), Baltiko (Dębina), Pawo (Kończewice) and Borwo (Minikowo). MostlyR. cerealiswas isolated from the diseased stems;R. solaniwas isolated only sporadically. There was a wide variation in the susceptibility of triticale cultivars toRhizoctonia. Most triticale seedlings inoculated withR. cerealisproduced symptoms typical of sharp eyespot. Seedlings inoculated withR. solaniformed extended lesions with no defined borders. Most symptoms developed on coleoptiles, with less symptoms on the leaves and the least on the roots. There was much variation in susceptibility of triticale cultivars to bothRhizoctoniaspecies. Cultivars were grouped into six categories according to the intensity of seedling infection. Categories 1, 2 and 3, representing low, moderate and high susceptibility toR. cerealis, included 17, 10 and 3 cultivars, respectively.Categories 4, 5 and 6, representing low, moderate and high susceptibility toR. solani, included 3, 12 and 15 cultivars, respectively.Cultivars Baltiko and Zorro had low, and cv. Cultivo had high susceptibility to bothRhizoctoniaspecies. No cultivar was resistant toRhizoctonia. There was a positive correlation between infection byR. cerealisandR. solani.Infection of coleoptiles byR. cerealisorR. solaniwas significantly correlated with infection of leaves. No correlation between intensity of sharp eyespot on triticale plants in the field and on seedlings in controlled conditions was found.

Size and shape of sampling units for estimating incidence of sharp eyespot, Rhizoctonia cerealis, in plots of wheat

1982 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 461-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Gilligan
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Perfect State ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Oil Seed ◽  
Oil Seed Rape ◽  
Sharp Eyespot ◽  
Similar Area ◽  
Rhizoctonia Cerealis

It has long been known that the size and shape of sampling units used to assess crop yield may have significant effects upon the precision of the estimates (Smith, 1938; Hudson, 1939) but little is known about the effects when estimating incidence of disease. Gilligan (1980) showed that estimates of the incidence (i.e. presence or absence of disease) of stem canker (Phomx, lingam, perfect state Lepto sphaeria maculans)of oil-seed rape were more precise when large square sampling units rather than long rectangular units of similar area or small square sampling units were used. Moreover, estimates derived from the frequently used method of sampling by removal of 25 stems, supposedly at random from each plot, were shown to be biased.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification of M35 Family Metalloproteases in Rhizoctonia cerealis and Functional Analysis of RcMEP2 as a Virulence Factor during the Fungal Infection to Wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2984
Author(s):  
Lijun Pan ◽  
Shengxian Wen ◽  
Jinfeng Yu ◽  
Lin Lu ◽  
Xiuliang Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Virulence Factor ◽  
Signal Peptide ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fungus Infection ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Sharp Eyespot ◽  
Causal Pathogen ◽  
Rhizoctonia Cerealis

Rhizoctonia cerealis is the causal pathogen of the devastating disease, sharp eyespot, of the important crop wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In phytopathogenic fungi, several M36 metalloproteases have been implicated in virulence, but pathogenesis roles of M35 family metalloproteases are largely unknown. Here, we identified four M35 family metalloproteases from R. cerealis genome, designated RcMEP2–RcMEP5, measured their transcriptional profiles, and investigated RcMEP2 function. RcMEP2-RcMEP5 are predicted as secreted metalloproteases since each protein sequence contains a signal peptide and an M35 domain that includes two characteristic motifs HEXXE and GTXDXXYG. Transcription levels of RcMEP2-RcMEP5 markedly elevated during the fungus infection to wheat, among which RcMEP2 expressed with the highest level. Functional dissection indicated that RcMEP2 and its M35 domain could trigger H2O2 rapidly-excessive accumulation, induce cell death, and inhibit expression of host chitinases. This consequently enhanced the susceptibility of wheat to R. cerealis and the predicated signal peptide of RcMEP2 functions required for secretion and cell death-induction. These results demonstrate that RcMEP2 is a virulence factor and that its M35 domain and signal peptide are necessary for the virulence role of RcMEP2. This study facilitates a better understanding of the pathogenesis mechanism of metalloproteases in phytopathogens including R. cerealis.

Complete genome sequence of a novel endornavirus in the wheat sharp eyespot pathogen Rhizoctonia cerealis

2013 ◽  
Vol 159 (5) ◽  
pp. 1213-1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Li ◽  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Haiyan Sun ◽  
Yuanyu Deng ◽  
Aixiang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Sharp Eyespot ◽  
Rhizoctonia Cerealis

scholarly journals High-quality genome assembly-based and functional analyses reveal the pathogenesis mechanisms and evolutionary landscape of wheat sharp eyespot Rhizoctonia cerealis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Lu ◽  
Feilong Guo ◽  
Zhichao Zhang ◽  
Lijun Pan ◽  
Yu Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Assembly ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Secretory Proteins ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Sharp Eyespot ◽  
Functional Analyses ◽  
Genome Scale ◽  
High Quality Genome ◽  
Rhizoctonia Cerealis

Abstract Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is one of the most important staple crops. The necrotrophic binucleate fungus Rhizoctonia cerealis is the causal agent for the devastating disease wheat sharp eyespot and additional diseases of other agricultural crops and bioenergy plants. In this study, we present the first high-quality genome assembly of R. cerealis Rc207, a highly aggressive strain isolated from wheat. The genome encodes expand and diverse sets of virulence-related proteins, especially secreted effectors, carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), metalloproteases, Cytochrome P450 (CYP450), and secondary metabolite-associated enzymes. Many of these genes, in particular those encoding secretory proteins and CYP450, showed markedly up-regulation during infection in wheat. Of 831 candidate secretory effectors, ten up-regulated secretory proteins, such as CAZymes, metalloproteases and antigens, were functionally validated as virulence factors required for the fungal infection in wheat. Further intra-species and inter-species comparative genomics analyses showed that repeat sequences, accounting for 17.87% of the genome, are the major driving force for the genome evolution, and frequently intraspecific gene duplication contributes to expansion of pathogenicity-related gene families. This is the first genome-scale investigation elucidating the pathogenesis mechanisms and evolutionary landscape of R. cerealis. Our results provide essential tools for further development of effective disease control strategies.

scholarly journals Genetic Structure of Populations of the Wheat Sharp Eyespot Pathogen Rhizoctonia cerealis Anastomosis Group D Subgroup I in China

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Li ◽  
Yingpeng Guo ◽  
Aixiang Zhang ◽  
Huaigu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Anastomosis Group ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Evolutionary Potential ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Nonrandom Mating ◽  
Sharp Eyespot ◽  
Group D ◽  
Rhizoctonia Cerealis

Sharp eyespot on wheat is caused by Rhizoctonia cerealis anastomosis group D subgroup I (AG-DI) and is an economically important stem-base disease of wheat in temperate regions worldwide. However, the understanding about the field population structure of R. cerealis is limited. In this study, the genetic structure of four wheat-infecting populations in China was investigated using six microsatellite markers characterized from the transcriptome data of R. cerealis AG-DI. A total of 173 unique genotypes were identified among 235 fungal isolates. Departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, a significant degree of inbreeding, and a significant deficit in heterozygotes indicated a nonrandom mating pattern. Combining the low to intermediate degrees of gametic disequilibrium, although with high genotypic diversity and low to moderate clonal fractions, sexual reproduction probably existed, but the asexual reproduction should be the predominant reproductive mode. Structural analysis showed three gene pools among the four populations, which indicated the existence of three evolutionary origins of R. cerealis AG-DI. The long-distance movement of contaminated material, especially the infected seed, might have caused the moderate gene flow among these populations, which was consistent with the high differentiation among these populations. Overall, the genetic characteristics of the populations suggested a moderate evolutionary potential for R. cerealis AG-DI in China.

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