Spore morphology and “LO-analysis” of spore surface ornamentation in some rust fungi

1962 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Payak
Keyword(s):  
Rust Fungi ◽  
Spore Morphology ◽  
Spore Surface ◽  
Surface Ornamentation

A systematic evaluation of basidiospore symmetry and tegumentation in hypogeous and gasteroid Russulales

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 2561-2573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven L. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscope ◽  
Spore Wall ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Spore Morphology ◽  
Spore Surface ◽  
Layer 2 ◽  
Spore Walls ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Surface Ornamentation ◽  
Dark Blue

Spore wall architecture and ontogeny of ornamentation in several genera and species of hypogeous and gasteroid Russulales are similar to those described previously for agaricoid Lactarius lignyotellus. Spore walls are composed of four layers, each differing in thickness and electron density. Layer 2 is electron transparent and corresponds to a dark blue, amyloid layer when mounted in Melzer's iodine reagent and viewed with the light microscope. Establishment of spore symmetry may be regulated by the hilar appendix body, which is a poorly differentiated cytoplasmic region in the hilar appendix of asymmetric spores of Macowanites luteolus, Elasmomyces russuloides, and Zelleromyces versicaulus but which is absent in symmetric spores of Z. sculptisporus, Martellia subochracea, and Gymnomyces yubaensis. A continuum in spore morphology from truly symmetric to asymmetric is evident in spores from individual sporocarps of many species of the Russulales. The variation in spore symmetry and spore surface ornamentation has clouded taxonomic concepts in the Russulales. Systematically, development of orthotropic and heterotropic spores has been regarded as two distinct end points of evolution, when they are likely terms describing degrees of the same phenomenon. The current circumscription of families and genera in the Russulales based on spore symmetry, therefore, appears to be artificial.

scholarly journals On the spore ornamentation of the microsoroid ferns (microsoroideae, polypodiaceae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Chuan Chen ◽  
Ho-Yih Liu ◽  
Cheng-Wei Chen ◽  
Harald Schneider ◽  
Jaakko Hyvönen
Keyword(s):  
Ancestral State ◽  
Spore Morphology ◽  
Spore Surface ◽  
Old World ◽  
Spore Ornamentation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Surface Ornamentation ◽  
Ancestral States ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypotheses ◽  
Five Tribes

AbstractMicrosoroideae is the third largest of the six subfamilies of Polypodiaceae, containing over 180 species. These ferns are widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions of the Old World and Oceania. We documented the spore ornamentation and integrated these data into the latest phylogenetic hypotheses, including a sampling of 100 taxa representing each of 17 major lineages of microsoroid ferns. This enabled us to reconstruct the ancestral states of the spore morphology. The results show verrucate ornamentation as an ancestral state for Goniophlebieae and Lecanoptereae, globular for Microsoreae, and rugulate surface for Lepisoreae. In addition, spore ornamentation can be used to distinguish certain clades of the microsoroid ferns. Among all five tribes, Lecanoptereae show most diversity in spore surface ornamentation.

Spore wall development in Sphagnum lescurii

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 2394-2409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Curtiss Brown ◽  
Betty E. Lemmon ◽  
Zane B. Carothers
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Outer Layer ◽  
Mature Spore ◽  
Outer Wall ◽  
Spore Wall ◽  
Spore Surface ◽  
Proximal Surface ◽  
Complex Development ◽  
Surface Ornamentation ◽  
Cortical System

The spore wall of Sphagnum is unique in the Bryophyta. The Sphagnum spore exine consists of two layers: an inner, lamellate layer (A layer) and a thick, homogenous, outer layer (B layer). The exine of other mosses consists of only the outermost homogenous layer and, at most, a thin ill-defined opaque layer. During development of the A-layer exine and the intine, a cortical system of evenly spaced microtubules underlies the plasma membrane. The ontogeny of the wall layers is not strictly centripetal. The A-layer exine develops evenly around the young spore immediately after cytokinesis. As the intine is deposited centripetally inside it, the homogenous B-layer exine is deposited outside the first-formed A layer. The B layer is responsible for the primary sculpturing of the spore surface. The mature spore is covered by an outermost perine, which is responsible for secondary surface ornamentation. A trilaesurate aperture develops on the proximal surface of each spore after deposition of the A layer. Ridges of the laesurae develop as a result of deposition of thick areas of intine. The ridges are eventually covered by the outer wall layers, whereas the fissure is covered only by the A layer and a very thin B-layer exine. The complex development of the trilaesurate aperture is evidence that the structure is not merely a mechanically induced "trilete mark" or "scar" resulting from compression of tetrahedrally arranged spores within a sporocyte wall.

Spore surface ornamentation in Coniothyrium species

1970 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam ◽  
D. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Spore Surface ◽  
Surface Ornamentation

scholarly journals INVENTARISASI DAN KAJIAN PALINOLOGI JENIS-JENIS TUMBUHAN PAKU (PTERODOFITA) EPIFIT DI KAWASAN UNIVERSITAS RIAU, PROVINSI RIAU

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 214
Author(s):  
Nery Sofiyanti ◽  
Putri Handayani Harahap
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Spore Morphology ◽  
Spore Type ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Digital Microscope ◽  
Fern Species ◽  
Surface Ornamentation ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstrak : Tumbuhan paku  (Pteridofita) epifit banyak di jumpai di kawasan Universitas Riau. Karakteristik spora pada tumbuhn apaku memegang peranan penting dalam kajian taksonomi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis pteridofita epifit di kawasan ini dan  mengkarakterisasi sporanya. Metode pengambilan sampel dilakukan menggunakan metode eksplorasi. Setiap jenis yang dijumpai didokumentasikan, dibuat herbarium, dideskripsi dan diidentifikasi. Spora dikoleksi dari daun yang sudah dewasa dan dibuat preparat menggunakan metode asetolisis. Preparat spora diamati dan didokumentasikan menggunakan mikroskop digital. Data yang diperoleh kemudian disajikan dalam bentuk gambar dan tabel serta dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil inventarisasi paku epifit di kawasan Universitas Riau mengidentifikasi 18 jenis paku epifit, yang tergolong ke dalam 6 famili yaitu Aspleniaceae, Davalliaceae, Nephrolepidaceae, Polypodiaceae Pteridaceae and Thelypteridaceae. Namun kajian palinologi hanya dilakukan pada 11 jenis yang sudah menghasilkan spora. Hasil pengamatan spora menunjukan bahwa semua jenis paku epifit mempunyai tipe dasar spora monolete, berbentuk ginjal dan hanya mempunyai satu laesura pada bagian ventral. Ukuran spora yang dijumpai adalah besar dan sangat besar, dengan ornamentasi permukaan Lohpat, verukat berpapila verukat, tuberkulat, ekinat pendek dan ekinat panjang. Morfologi spora yang ditemukan pada penelitian ini menunjukan karakteristik yang berbeda pada setiap jenis. Namun masih perlu dilanjutkan pengamatan menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscopy untuk mendapatkan oramentasi lebih detilKata kunci : paku epifit, palinologi, spora, monolete, UNRI Abstract : Ephypitic ferns are commonly found in University of Riau area. Spore characteristics play important role in taxonomical words. This study aimed to identify ephypitic pteridophyte species from this area and characterize their spore. Samples were collected using exploration method, and were then documented, prepared for herbarium, described and identified. Spore grains were collected from mature leaves and prepared by using acetolysis method. The spores were then observed and documented using digital microscope. Data were presented in figures and tables and describtively analized. The inventory of ephypitic ferns from University of Riau area identified a total of 18 fern species belong to 6 families, i.e. Aspleniaceae, Davalliaceae, Nephrolepidaceae, Polypodiaceae, Pteridaceae and Thelypteridaceae. Palinologycal study had been carried out from 11 species that produced spore. We observed the basic spore type of examined ephypitic ferns, monolete, with reniform shape and one laesura at the ventral part. The size of spore observed were big and very big spore, with surface ornamentation Lohpate, papillous verucate,  verucate,  tuberculate,, short echinate and long echinate. Spore morphology observed in this study showed the characteristic among the examined species. The further study using Scanning Electron Microscopy is neccesary to obtain detail spore ornamentation.Keywords: ephypitic fern, palynology, spore, monolete, UNRI

Spore Surface Morphology of Hawaiian Acacia Rust Fungi

Mycologia ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald E. Gardner ◽  
Charles S. Hodges
Keyword(s):  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Rust Fungi ◽  
Spore Surface

scholarly journals Spore morphology of the representatives of the subfamily Ceratopteridoideae (J. Sm.) R.M. Tryon from the family Pteridaceae E.D.M. Kirchn. (Pteridophyta)

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-129
Author(s):  
A. V. Vaganov ◽  
I. I. Gureyeva ◽  
A. A. Kuznetsov ◽  
A. I. Shmakov ◽  
R. S. Romanets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
External Morphology ◽  
Spore Morphology ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Equatorial Diameter ◽  
The Family ◽  
Distal Surface ◽  
Surface Ornamentation ◽  
Ceratopteris Thalictroides ◽  
Cylindrical Folds ◽  
Scanning Electron

<p>Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to perform a comparative study for four representatives of the subfamily <em>Ceratopteridoideae</em> (J. Sm.) R.M. Tryon from East Asia: <em>Ceratopteris thalictroides</em> Brongn., <em>C. pteridoides</em> (Hook.) Hieron., <em>Acrostichum aureum</em> Linn., and <em>A.</em> <em>speciosum </em>Willd. The analysis of the external morphology of the representatives of <em>Ceratopteridoideae</em> revealed a strong difference between <em>Ceratopteris</em> and <em>Acrostichum</em>.</p><p>The external morphology of spores of <em>Ceratopteris</em> and <em>Acrostichum</em> exhibited the features characterizing the family Pteridaceae as a whole: tetrahedral spores with a three-ray laesure, from triangular-roundish to roundish, distinct exosporium with a pronounced surface ornamentation and absence of perisporium, the exosporium surface varying from smooth and rough to that covered with large tubercles and roller-like bulges.</p><p>The external morphology of spores of <em>Acrostichum</em> is quite simple, although among other representatives of the family Pteridaceae,<em> </em>the<em> </em>spores of <em>Ceratopteris</em> have distinctive features: very large equatorial diameter (106–124 µm); spores are almost roundish; distinct cylindrical folds running parallel to the corners of the spore across its extensive distal surface.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Spore morphology of Selected Pteridophytes Found in the Western Ghats of India

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-106
Author(s):  
Shaiesh Morajka ◽  
Sudha Sajeev ◽  
Smitha Hegde
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Spore Morphology ◽  
Western Ghats Of India ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Fern Species ◽  
Surface Ornamentation ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
The Western Ghats ◽  
Scanning Electron

The currents study evaluated the morphology (apperture, size, perine structures and surface ornamentation) of treated spores of 45 selected fern species from the Western Ghats of India, using Scanning Electron Microspcopy (SEM). Twenty-six species of fern spores were trilete type, while 19 of them had monolete aperture types. The size of the spore were found to be highly variable (20X20µm to 60X60µm) with an average mean spore size of 44 µmX38µm. Further more the spores were found to have a highly diverse perine ornementaion with 11 different types of perine structures. Gammate and psilatetype of perine ornamentation,and Globose and ellipsoidal spore shape were found to be the most common within the studies fern spore samples.The variability found in the spore ultra structure and perispore ornamentation of the selected pteridophytes species reflects the morphological differences observed in the sporophyte. The spores could be an important source of characteristics with systematic value in fern taxonomy.The spore morphology of the examined pteridophytes studied common, endemicor otherwise will find a significant role in future taxonomic surveys, and other morphology, Palynology, discrimination, and identification studies of pteridophytesin the Western Ghats.

Spore morphology of some Orthotrichaceae Arn. species (Bryophyta) from Turkey

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filiz Savaroglu
Keyword(s):  
Spore Morphology ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Spore Size ◽  
Taxonomic Relationships ◽  
The Family ◽  
Ecological Implications ◽  
Spore Walls ◽  
Surface Ornamentation

The spores of Orthotrichum lyellii Hook & Taylor, O. speciosum Nees, O. affine Schrad. ex Brid., O. rupestre Schleich. ex Schwagr., O. anomalum Hedw. and O. cupulatum Hoffm. ex Brid. showed the apertural region consists of a leptoma in their spores. Two spore types are characterized by their surface ornamentation, reflecting the species’ taxonomic relationships. The spore shape of all the species is spheroid. The spore size ranged from 7 to 23 μm in the genus Orthotrichum. While the surface ornamentation is verrucate in O. speciosum and O. affine, it is gemmate in O. lyellii, O. rupestre, O. anomalum and O. cupulatum. The spore walls of the family Orthotrichaceae include sclerine (the distinction between exine and perine might be difficult to define) and intine. The examined moss species belong to two habitat types: corticolous and saxicolous. The taxonomic and ecological implications of the genus Orthotrichum were discussed on the basis of its spore morphology.

Surface Structure of the Spores of Glugea Weissenbergi

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 238-239
Author(s):  
Sanford H. Vernick ◽  
Anastasios Tousimis ◽  
Victor Sprague
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Surface Structure ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Mature Spore ◽  
Spore Surface ◽  
Sectioned Material ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Surface Detail

Recent electron microscope studies have greatly expanded our knowledge of the structure of the Microsporida, particularly of the developing and mature spore. Since these studies involved mainly sectioned material, they have revealed much internal detail of the spores but relatively little surface detail. This report concerns observations on the spore surface by means of the transmission electron microscope.

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