Ca2+ as developmental signal in the formation of Ca-oxalate crystal spacing patterns during leaf development inCarya ovata

Planta ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 182 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Borchert



Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 315
Author(s):  
Hailin Liu ◽  
Xin Han ◽  
Jue Ruan ◽  
Lian Xu ◽  
Bing He

The final size of plant leaves is strictly controlled by environmental and genetic factors, which coordinate cell expansion and cell cycle activity in space and time; however, the regulatory mechanisms of leaf growth are still poorly understood. Ginkgo biloba is a dioecious species native to China with medicinally and phylogenetically important characteristics, and its fan-shaped leaves are unique in gymnosperms, while the mechanism of G. biloba leaf development remains unclear. In this study we studied the transcriptome of G. biloba leaves at three developmental stages using high-throughput RNA-seq technology. Approximately 4167 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained, and a total of 12,137 genes were structure optimized together with 732 new genes identified. More than 50 growth-related factors and gene modules were identified based on DEG and Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis. These results could remarkably expand the existing transcriptome resources of G. biloba, and provide references for subsequent analysis of ginkgo leaf development.



2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peirong Li ◽  
Tongbing Su ◽  
Deshuang Zhang ◽  
Weihong Wang ◽  
Xiaoyun Xin ◽  
...  

AbstractHeterosis is a complex phenomenon in which hybrids show better phenotypic characteristics than their parents do. Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. spp. pekinensis) is a popular leafy crop species, hybrids of which are widely used in commercial production; however, the molecular basis of heterosis for biomass of Chinese cabbage is poorly understood. We characterized heterosis in a Chinese cabbage F1 hybrid cultivar and its parental lines from the seedling stage to the heading stage; marked heterosis of leaf weight and biomass yield were observed. Small RNA sequencing revealed 63 and 50 differentially expressed microRNAs (DEMs) at the seedling and early-heading stages, respectively. The expression levels of the majority of miRNA clusters in the F1 hybrid were lower than the mid-parent values (MPVs). Using degradome sequencing, we identified 1,819 miRNA target genes. Gene ontology (GO) analyses demonstrated that the target genes of the MPV-DEMs and low parental expression level dominance (ELD) miRNAs were significantly enriched in leaf morphogenesis, leaf development, and leaf shaping. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the expression levels of photosynthesis and chlorophyll synthesis-related MPV-DEGs (differentially expressed genes) were significantly different in the F1 hybrid compared to the parental lines, resulting in increased photosynthesis capacity and chlorophyll content in the former. Furthermore, expression of genes known to regulate leaf development was also observed at the seedling stage. Arabidopsis plants overexpressing BrGRF4.2 and bra-miR396 presented increased and decreased leaf sizes, respectively. These results provide new insight into the regulation of target genes and miRNA expression patterns in leaf size and heterosis for biomass of B. rapa.



1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Lindhout ◽  
C. M. Jackson

In order to understand the function of activated factor V in the prothrombinase complex, we isolated the activation products obtained by action of thrombin and RVV-V on factor V and studied their functional properties. Factor V isolated from plasma by means of ion-exchange chromatography, a Ca-oxalate adsorption step and gelfiltration was homogenous in SDS-gelelectrophoresis (apparent MW 360,000, with and without reduction). Increase in factor V activity upon action by RVV-V is correlated with a single peptide bond cleavage, resulting in a 270,000 dalton and a 80,000 dalton component. Additional proteolysis of factor Va(RVV/V)’ by thrombin results in a further cleavage of the high MW component into peptides with MW's of 72,000, 94,000 and about 150,000 without a furth~r increase in factor V activity. Whereas none of the isolated peptides reveal factor Va activity, activity would be generated by a recombination in the presence of Ca2+ of the 94,000 MW or 270,000 MW component with the 80,000 component. Action of thrombin alone on factor V results in peptides of MW 72,000, 80,000, 94,000 and a peptide very rich in carbohydrate with an apparent MW of 150,000.



2003 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohei Kobayashi ◽  
Yoshimichi Fukuta ◽  
Satoshi Morita ◽  
Tadashi Sato ◽  
Mitsuru Osaki ◽  
...  


2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 870-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Muñoz‐Nortes ◽  
José Manuel Pérez‐Pérez ◽  
María Rosa Ponce ◽  
Héctor Candela ◽  
José Luis Micol


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