Shuttle-box learning depends on behavioral entropy in auto track system

ABSTRACT Excessive energi consumption of high-fat diet increase the body’s adipose tissue which also affect the increased secretion of leptin, this is because leptin secretion is proportional to the mass of adipose tissue. Leptin activates the lateral hypothalamus as the center of hunger and feeding activity. The aim of this study was to obtain the relationship between high trans fat feeding on male Wistar rats and feeding activity. This method uses male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) as an animal model. Sixteen rats were grouped into 4 treatment groups. The first group was given additional feed 20% trans fat, the second group was given additional feed 40% trans fat, a third group was given additional feed 60% trans fat, and the last as a control group. This feed was given once a day for 70 days. Observation of activities perform using Opto-varimex® auto-track system ver. 4.31. The results showed an corellation between activity based doses of trans fat. Keywords: Opto-varimex®, Trans fat, Activity, Wistar rat.

Download Full-text

RESPON AKTIVITAS TIKUS WISTAR JANTAN AKIBAT KONDISI DIET TINGGI SUKROSA DIUKUR MENGGUNAKAN PEREKAM AKTIVITAS

Jurnal BIOMA ◽

10.21009/bioma12(2).5 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 104

Author(s):

Yanuar Restu Wijaya ◽

Koekoeh Santoso ◽

Isdoni Isdoni ◽

Atin Supiyani

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Feeding Activity ◽

Control Group ◽

High Blood Glucose ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Track System ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Auto Track

Excessive energi consumption play a role in increasing blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia), due to the inability of the hormone insulin to compensate the high blood glucose levels. Blood glucose receptor found in the hypothalamus of VMH (Ventro Medial Hypothalamus) and LH (the Lateral Hypothalamus) is able to detect and change the settings for the feeding activity. The aim of this study was to obtain the relationship between high sucrose feeding on male Wistar rats of behavior and activity. This method uses Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) as an animal model. Sixteen rats were grouped into 4 treatment groups. The first group was given additional feed 20% sucrose, the second group was given additional feed 40% sucrose, a third group was given additional feed 60% sucrose, and the last as a control group. This feed given continuously for 70 days.Observation of activities conducted using Opto-varimex® auto-track system ver.4.31. The results showed an corellation between activity based doses of sucrose.

Download Full-text

A FULLY AUTOMATED SHUTTLE-BOX FOR AVOIDANCE CONDITIONING

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.9.6.377-390 ◽

1961 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 377

Author(s):

FREDERICK A. KING

Keyword(s):

Avoidance Conditioning ◽

Shuttle Box

Download Full-text

Modular taper interface with ball track system

10.3403/30168046u ◽

2015 ◽

Keyword(s):

Track System

Download Full-text

Modular taper interface with ball track system

10.3403/bsiso26622 ◽

2015 ◽

Keyword(s):

Track System

Download Full-text

Mechanical Performance of a Ballastless Track System for the Railway Bridges of High-Speed Lines: Experimental and Numerical Study under Thermal Loading

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14112876 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (11) ◽

pp. 2876

Author(s):

Yingying Zhang ◽

Lingyu Zhou ◽

Akim D. Mahunon ◽

Guangchao Zhang ◽

Xiusheng Peng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Speed ◽

Thermal Loading ◽

Mechanical Performance ◽

Track Structure ◽

Box Girder ◽

High Speed Railway ◽

Ballastless Track ◽

Track System ◽

Girder Bridge ◽

Track Slab

The mechanical performance of China Railway Track System type II (CRTS II) ballastless track suitable for High-Speed Railway (HSR) bridges is investigated in this project by testing a one-quarter-scaled three-span specimen under thermal loading. Stress analysis was performed both experimentally and numerically, via finite-element modeling in the latter case. The results showed that strains in the track slab, in the cement-emulsified asphalt (CA) mortar and in the track bed, increased nonlinearly with the temperature increase. In the longitudinal direction, the zero-displacement section between the track slab and the track bed was close to the 1/8L section of the beam, while the zero-displacement section between the track slab and the box girder bridge was close to the 3/8L section. The maximum values of the relative vertical displacement between the track bed and the bridge structure occurred in the section at three-quarters of the span. Numerical analysis showed that the lower the temperature, the larger the tensile stresses occurring in the different layers of the track structure, whereas the higher the temperature, the higher the relative displacement between the track system and the box girder bridge. Consequently, quantifying the stresses in the various components of the track structure resulting from sudden temperature drops and evaluating the relative displacements between the rails and the track bed resulting from high-temperature are helpful in the design of ballastless track structures for high-speed railway lines.

Download Full-text

A study of effect of Centella asiatica on oxidative markers in the hippocampus of offsprings born to alcohol-fed pregnant rats and the correlation with their cognitive functions

Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine ◽

10.1515/jcim-2020-0472 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Mitha K.V. ◽

Saraswati Jaiswal Yadav ◽

Ganaraja Bolumbu

Keyword(s):

Brain Damage ◽

Water Extract ◽

Centella Asiatica ◽

Protein Carbonyl ◽

Memory Retention ◽

Pregnant Rats ◽

Shuttle Box ◽

Cognitive Efficiency ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Oxidative Markers

Abstract Objectives Alcohol consumption causes several harmful effects on the organs, which is hugely understated. Many deformities occur in the fetus when pregnant mothers indulge in alcoholism. Alcohol is a known teratogen, hence organ formation, particularly development of parts brain critical for cognitive function may be affected. The oxidative brain damage also could contribute to reduced cognitive efficiency of brain exposed to alcohol. In this study, effect of Centella asiatica in relieving the oxidative brain damage in offspring of alcohol fed mother rats was evaluated. Methods In this study we fed alcohol (5 g/kg body weight, 30% w/v) to a group of pregnant Wistar rats during gestation period, and another group served as control. Four groups of rats (n = 6 each) were selected from the offspring of these mother rats. The groups were, control, positive (treated) control, untreated and treated from alcohol-fed mother. Their cognitive parameters were tested in water maze, shuttle box and compared. Further their oxidative status was evaluated by estimating malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl, total antioxidants and glutathione reductase (GSH) in hippocampus. Results The results suggested that there was significantly high cognitive performance in maze test and shuttle box memory retention in rats treated with C. asiatica water extract and the antioxidant levels were high in their hippocampus. Conclusions The outcome of the study suggested that C. asiatica produced beneficial effects in reversing the alcohol induced brain damage in pregnancy.

Download Full-text

The weakly electric fish, Apteronotus albifrons, actively avoids experimentally induced hypoxia

Journal of Comparative Physiology A ◽

10.1007/s00359-021-01470-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Stefan Mucha ◽

Lauren J. Chapman ◽

Rüdiger Krahe

Keyword(s):

Active Avoidance ◽

Electric Fish ◽

Electric Organ ◽

The Other ◽

Weakly Electric Fish ◽

Dissolved Oxygen Concentration ◽

Shuttle Box ◽

Freshwater Habitats ◽

Electric Organ Discharges ◽

Weakly Electric

AbstractAnthropogenic environmental degradation has led to an increase in the frequency and prevalence of aquatic hypoxia (low dissolved oxygen concentration, DO), which may affect habitat quality for water-breathing fishes. The weakly electric black ghost knifefish, Apteronotus albifrons, is typically found in well-oxygenated freshwater habitats in South America. Using a shuttle-box design, we exposed juvenile A. albifrons to a stepwise decline in DO from normoxia (> 95% air saturation) to extreme hypoxia (10% air saturation) in one compartment and chronic normoxia in the other. On average, A. albifrons actively avoided the hypoxic compartment below 22% air saturation. Hypoxia avoidance was correlated with upregulated swimming activity. Following avoidance, fish regularly ventured back briefly into deep hypoxia. Hypoxia did not affect the frequency of their electric organ discharges. Our results show that A. albifrons is able to sense hypoxia at non-lethal levels and uses active avoidance to mitigate its adverse effects.

Download Full-text