Implantable data logging system for heart rate and body temperature: its application to the estimation of field metabolic rates in Antarctic predators

1995 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Woakes ◽  
P. J. Butler ◽  
R. M. Bevan
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Data Logging ◽  
Field Metabolic Rates

scholarly journals Heart rate reveals torpor at high body temperatures in lowland tropical free-tailed bats

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 171359 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Teague O'Mara ◽  
Sebastian Rikker ◽  
Martin Wikelski ◽  
Andries Ter Maat ◽  
Henry S. Pollock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Save Energy ◽  
Molossus Molossus

Reduction in metabolic rate and body temperature is a common strategy for small endotherms to save energy. The daily reduction in metabolic rate and heterothermy, or torpor, is particularly pronounced in regions with a large variation in daily ambient temperature. This applies most strongly in temperate bat species (order Chiroptera), but it is less clear how tropical bats save energy if ambient temperatures remain high. However, many subtropical and tropical species use some daily heterothermy on cool days. We recorded the heart rate and the body temperature of free-ranging Pallas' mastiff bats ( Molossus molossus ) in Gamboa, Panamá, and showed that these individuals have low field metabolic rates across a wide range of body temperatures that conform to high ambient temperature. Importantly, low metabolic rates in controlled respirometry trials were best predicted by heart rate, and not body temperature . Molossus molossus enter torpor-like states characterized by low metabolic rate and heart rates at body temperatures of 32°C, and thermoconform across a range of temperatures. Flexible metabolic strategies may be far more common in tropical endotherms than currently known.

Cold-induced inhibition of thermal panting in shorn sheep. 2. Effect of previous acclimatization to cold

1973 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Slee
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Heat Storage ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Respiratory Centre ◽  
Reduction Effect

SUMMARY1. Short cold exposures (2 hr at 18° or 8°C) were used to delay or block panting during subsequent heat stress in shorn Merino and Scottish Blackface sheep. The effect of previous acclimatization to cold upon the block to thermal panting was studied.2. After acclimatization the block was reduced, but less in Merinos than in Blackfaces. In Blackfaces, the reduction effect was inconsistent after short periods of acclimatization, but became significant after prolonged (3 weeks) acclimatization.3. Acclimatization produced elevations in heart rate and body temperature implying increased heat production. Variation in block reduction between breeds and between individuals was related to these presumed changes in heat production. Sheep with highly elevated metabolic rates showed complete block prevention. 4. After cold exposure ceased, elevated heat production disappeared within 8 days and the block returned.5. It was concluded that elevated heat production resulting from acclimatization caused block prevention partly because increased heat storage cancelled the heat debt otherwise incurred during blocking treatment and partly because the increased requirement for heat dissipation overruled the respiratory centre block.

Hypoxic metabolic response of the golden-mantled ground squirrel

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 603-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata C. H. Barros ◽  
Mary E. Zimmer ◽  
Luiz G. S. Branco ◽  
William K. Milsom
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Ground Squirrel ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Primary Strategy

We examined the magnitude of the hypoxic metabolic response in golden-mantled ground squirrels to determine whether the shift in thermoregulatory set point (Tset) and subsequent fall in body temperature (Tb) and metabolic rate observed in small mammals were greater in a species that routinely experiences hypoxic burrows and hibernates. We measured the effects of changing ambient temperature (Ta; 6–29°C) on metabolism (O2 consumption and CO2 production), Tb, ventilation, and heart rate in normoxia and hypoxia (7% O2). The magnitude of the hypoxia-induced falls in Tb and metabolism of the squirrels was larger than that of other rodents. Metabolic rate was not simply suppressed but was regulated to assist the initial fall in Tb and then acted to slow this fall and stabilize Tb at a new, lower level. When Ta was reduced during 7% O2, animals were able to maintain or elevate their metabolic rates, suggesting that O2 was not limiting. The slope of the relationship between temperature-corrected O2 consumption and Taextrapolated to a Tset in hypoxia equals the actual Tb. The data suggest that Tset was proportionately related to Ta in hypoxia and that there was a shift from increasing ventilation to increasing O2extraction as the primary strategy employed to meet increasing metabolic demands under hypoxia. The animals were neither hypothermic nor hypometabolic, as Tb and metabolic rate appeared to be tightly regulated at new but lower levels as a result of a coordinated hypoxic metabolic response.

scholarly journals Estimation of cardiovascular drift through ear temperature during prolonged steady-state cycling: a study protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e000907
Author(s):  
Giovanni Polsinelli ◽  
Angelo Rodio ◽  
Bruno Federico
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Study Protocol ◽  
External Auditory Canal ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Cardiovascular Drift ◽  
Core Body ◽  
Steady State Cycling

IntroductionThe measurement of heart rate is commonly used to estimate exercise intensity. However, during endurance performance, the relationship between heart rate and oxygen consumption may be compromised by cardiovascular drift. This physiological phenomenon mainly consists of a time-dependent increase in heart rate and decrease in systolic volume and may lead to overestimate absolute exercise intensity in prediction models based on heart rate. Previous research has established that cardiovascular drift is correlated to the increase in core body temperature during prolonged exercise. Therefore, monitoring body temperature during exercise may allow to quantify the increase in heart rate attributable to cardiovascular drift and to improve the estimate of absolute exercise intensity. Monitoring core body temperature during exercise may be invasive or inappropriate, but the external auditory canal is an easily accessible alternative site for temperature measurement.Methods and analysisThis study aims to assess the degree of correlation between trends in heart rate and in ear temperature during 120 min of steady-state cycling with intensity of 59% of heart rate reserve in a thermally neutral indoor environment. Ear temperature will be monitored both at the external auditory canal level with a contact probe and at the tympanic level with a professional infrared thermometer.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol was approved by an independent ethics committee. The results will be submitted for publication in academic journals and disseminated to stakeholders through summary documents and information meetings.

Ambient temperature effects on physiological traits of white-tailed deer

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 679-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Holter ◽  
W. E. Urban Jr. ◽  
H. H. Hayes ◽  
H. Silver ◽  
H. R. Skutt
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Wind Chill ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Energy Equilibrium ◽  
Body Energy

Six adult white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus borealis) were exposed to 165 periods of 12 consecutive hours of controlled constant ambient temperature in an indirect respiration calorimeter. Temperatures among periods varied from 38 to 0 (summer) or to −20C (fall, winter, spring). Traits measured were energy expenditure (metabolic rate), proportion of time spent standing, heart rate, and body temperature, the latter two using telemetry. The deer used body posture extensively as a means of maintaining body energy equilibrium. Energy expenditure was increased at low ambient temperature to combat cold and to maintain relatively constant body temperature. Changes in heart rate paralleled changes in energy expenditure. In a limited number of comparisons, slight wind chill was combatted through behavioral means with no effect on energy expenditure. The reaction of deer to varying ambient temperatures was not the same in all seasons of the year.

scholarly journals Heat Stress and Cardiovascular, Hormonal, and Heat Shock Proteins in Humans

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaki Iguchi ◽  
Andrew E. Littmann ◽  
Shuo-Hsiu Chang ◽  
Lydia A. Wester ◽  
Jane S. Knipper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Whole Body Heat Stress ◽  
Body Heat

Context: Conditions such as osteoarthritis, obesity, and spinal cord injury limit the ability of patients to exercise, preventing them from experiencing many well-documented physiologic stressors. Recent evidence indicates that some of these stressors might derive from exercise-induced body temperature increases. Objective: To determine whether whole-body heat stress without exercise triggers cardiovascular, hormonal, and extra-cellular protein responses of exercise. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: University research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Twenty-five young, healthy adults (13 men, 12 women; age = 22.1 ± 2.4 years, height = 175.2 ± 11.6 cm, mass = 69.4 ± 14.8 kg, body mass index = 22.6 ± 4.0) volunteered. Intervention(s): Participants sat in a heat stress chamber with heat (73°C) and without heat (26°C) stress for 30 minutes on separate days. We obtained blood samples from a subset of 13 participants (7 men, 6 women) before and after exposure to heat stress. Main Outcome Measure(s): Extracellular heat shock protein (HSP72) and catecholamine plasma concentration, heart rate, blood pressure, and heat perception. Results: After 30 minutes of heat stress, body temperature measured via rectal sensor increased by 0.8°C. Heart rate increased linearly to 131.4 ± 22.4 beats per minute (F6,24 = 186, P < .001) and systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased by 16 mm Hg (F6,24 = 10.1, P < .001) and 5 mm Hg (F6,24 = 5.4, P < .001), respectively. Norepinephrine (F1,12 = 12.1, P = .004) and prolactin (F1,12 = 30.2, P < .001) increased in the plasma (58% and 285%, respectively) (P < .05). The HSP72 (F1,12 = 44.7, P < .001) level increased with heat stress by 48.7% ± 53.9%. No cardiovascular or blood variables showed changes during the control trials (quiet sitting in the heat chamber with no heat stress), resulting in differences between heat and control trials. Conclusions: We found that whole-body heat stress triggers some of the physiologic responses observed with exercise. Future studies are necessary to investigate whether carefully prescribed heat stress constitutes a method to augment or supplement exercise.

Effect of Wind on Field Metabolic Rates of Breeding Northern Fulmars

Ecology ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 1181-1188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Furness ◽  
David M. Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Field Metabolic Rates ◽  
Northern Fulmars

“On-” and “off-” cells in the rostral ventromedial medulla of rats held in thermoneutral conditions: are they involved in thermoregulation?

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (9) ◽  
pp. 2199-2217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabil El Bitar ◽  
Bernard Pollin ◽  
Daniel Le Bars
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Rostral Ventromedial Medulla ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Ventromedial Medulla ◽  
Cyclic Variations ◽  
On And Off Cells ◽  
Core Body

In thermal neutral condition, rats display cyclic variations of the vasomotion of the tail and paws, synchronized with fluctuations of blood pressure, heart rate, and core body temperature. “On-” and “off-” cells located in the rostral ventromedial medulla, a cerebral structure implicated in somatic sympathetic drive, 1) exhibit similar spontaneous cyclic activities in antiphase and 2) are activated and inhibited by thermal nociceptive stimuli, respectively. We aimed at evaluating the implication of such neurons in autonomic regulation by establishing correlations between their firing and blood pressure, heart rate, and skin and core body temperature variations. When, during a cycle, a relative high core body temperature was reached, the on-cells were activated and within half a minute, the off-cells and blood pressure were depressed, followed by heart rate depression within a further minute; vasodilatation of the tail followed invariably within ∼3 min, often completed with vasodilatation of hind paws. The outcome was an increased heat loss that lessened the core body temperature. When the decrease of core body temperature achieved a few tenths of degrees, sympathetic activation switches off and converse variations occurred, providing cycles of three to seven periods/h. On- and off-cell activities were correlated with inhibition and activation of the sympathetic system, respectively. The temporal sequence of events was as follows: core body temperature → on-cell → off-cell ∼ blood pressure → heart rate → skin temperature → core body temperature. The function of on- and off-cells in nociception should be reexamined, taking into account their correlation with autonomic regulations.

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