Estolides from meadowfoam oil fatty acids and other monounsaturated fatty acids

Recent evidence has highlighted that fat accumulation, particularly abdominal fat distribution, is strongly associated with metabolic disturbance. It is also well-recognized that the metabolic responses to variations in macronutrients intake can affect body composition. Previous studies suggest that the quality of dietary fats can be considered as the main determinant of body-fat deposition, fat distribution, and body composition without altering the total body weight; however, the effects of dietary fats on body composition have controversial results. There is substantial evidence to suggest that saturated fatty acids are more obesogen than unsaturated fatty acids, and with the exception of some isomers like conjugate linoleic acid, most dietary trans fatty acids are adiposity enhancers, but there is no consensus on it yet. On the other hand, there is little evidence to indicate that higher intake of the n-3 and the n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids can be beneficial in attenuating adiposity, and the effect of monounsaturated fatty acids on body composition is contradictory. Accordingly, the content of this review summarizes the current body of knowledge on the potential effects of the different types of dietary fatty acids on body composition and adiposity. It also refers to the putative mechanisms underlying this association and reflects on the controversy of this topic.

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Structure and amount of positional isomers of monounsaturated fatty acids in human depot fat

The Journal of Lipid Research ◽

10.1016/s0022-2275(20)42685-9 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 730-732

Author(s):

Jürgen Jacob ◽

Gernot Grimmer

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Positional Isomers

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Polyunsaturated ω-3 fatty acids inhibit ACE2-controlled SARS-CoV-2 binding and cellular entry

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-84850-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Anna Goc ◽

Aleksandra Niedzwiecki ◽

Matthias Rath

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽

Linolenic Acid ◽

Cathepsin L ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

In Vivo Experiments ◽

Lipid Compounds

AbstractThe strain SARS-CoV-2, newly emerged in late 2019, has been identified as the cause of COVID-19 and the pandemic declared by WHO in early 2020. Although lipids have been shown to possess antiviral efficacy, little is currently known about lipid compounds with anti-SARS-CoV-2 binding and entry properties. To address this issue, we screened, overall, 17 polyunsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids, as wells as lipid-soluble vitamins. In performing target-based ligand screening utilizing the RBD-SARS-CoV-2 sequence, we observed that polyunsaturated fatty acids most effectively interfere with binding to hACE2, the receptor for SARS-CoV-2. Using a spike protein pseudo-virus, we also found that linolenic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid significantly block the entry of SARS-CoV-2. In addition, eicosapentaenoic acid showed higher efficacy than linolenic acid in reducing activity of TMPRSS2 and cathepsin L proteases, but neither of the fatty acids affected their expression at the protein level. Also, neither reduction of hACE2 activity nor binding to the hACE2 receptor upon treatment with these two fatty acids was observed. Although further in vivo experiments are warranted to validate the current findings, our study provides a new insight into the role of lipids as antiviral compounds against the SARS-CoV-2 strain.

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Differential Deleterious Impact of Highly Saturated Versus Monounsaturated Fat Intake on Vascular Function, Structure, and Mechanics in Mice

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13031003 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 1003

Author(s):

Elena Vega-Martín ◽

Marta Gil-Ortega ◽

Raquel González-Blázquez ◽

Sara Benedito ◽

Jesús Fernández-Felipe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Thoracic Aorta ◽

Vascular Function ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Vascular Wall ◽

Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Mesenteric Arteries ◽

Monounsaturated Fat ◽

The Impact

Vegetable oils such as palm oil (enriched in saturated fatty acids, SFA) and high-oleic-acid sunflower oil (HOSO, containing mainly monounsaturated fatty acids, MUFA) have emerged as the most common replacements for trans-fats in the food industry. The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of SFA and MUFA-enriched high-fat (HF) diets on endothelial function, vascular remodeling, and arterial stiffness compared to commercial HF diets. Five-week-old male C57BL6J mice were fed a standard (SD), a HF diet enriched with SFA (saturated oil-enriched Food, SOLF), a HF diet enriched with MUFA (unsaturated oil-enriched Food, UOLF), or a commercial HF diet for 8 weeks. Vascular function was analyzed in the thoracic aorta. Structural and mechanical parameters were assessed in mesenteric arteries by pressure myography. SOLF, UOLF, and HF diet reduced contractile responses to phenylephrine and induced endothelial dysfunction in the thoracic aorta. A significant increase in the β-index, and thus in arterial stiffness, was also detected in mesenteric arteries from the three HF groups, due to enhanced deposition of collagen in the vascular wall. SOLF also induced hypotrophic inward remodeling. In conclusion, these data demonstrate a deleterious effect of HF feeding on obesity-related vascular alterations that is exacerbated by SFA.

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Evaluation of Chemical Variability of Cured Vanilla Beans (Vanilla tahitensis and Vanilla planifolia)

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x0900401016 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 4 (10) ◽

pp. 1934578X0900401 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Christel Brunschwig ◽

François Xavier Collard ◽

Jean-Pierre Bianchini ◽

Phila Raharivelomanana

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Vanilla Planifolia ◽

Chemical Variability ◽

Total Fatty Acids ◽

Curing Method ◽

Fatty Acid Compositions

In order to establish a chemical fingerprint of vanilla diversity, thirty samples of V. planifolia J. W. Moore and V. tahitensis G. Jackson cured beans from seven producing countries were examined for their aroma and fatty acid contents. Both fatty acid and aroma compositions were found to vary between vanilla species and origins. Vanillin was found in higher amounts in V. planifolia (1.7-3.6% of dry matter) than in V. tahitensis (1.0-2.0%), and anisyl compounds were found in lower amounts in V. planifolia (0.05%) than in V. tahitensis (1.4%-2.1%). Ten common and long chain monounsaturated fatty acids (LCFA) were identified and were found to be characteristic of the vanilla origin. LCFA derived from secondary metabolites have discriminating compositions as they reach 5.9% and 15.8% of total fatty acids, respectively in V. tahitensis and V. planifolia. This study highlights the role of the curing method as vanilla cured beans of two different species cultivated in the same country were found to have quite similar fatty acid compositions.

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Linoleate, alpha-linolenate, and docosahexaenoate recycling into saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids is a major pathway in pregnant or lactating adults and fetal or infant rhesus monkeys

The Journal of Lipid Research ◽

10.1016/s0022-2275(20)37470-8 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 37 (12) ◽

pp. 2675-2686

Author(s):

R C Sheaff Greiner ◽

Q Zhang ◽

K J Goodman ◽

D A Giussani ◽

P W Nathanielsz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Rhesus Monkeys ◽

Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Major Pathway ◽

Infant Rhesus

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In Vitro Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities of Egyptian Citrus Beebread

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26092433 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (9) ◽

pp. 2433

Author(s):

Nesren Elsayed ◽

Hatem Sharaf El-Din ◽

Ammar B. Altemimi ◽

Hanaa Y. Ahmed ◽

Anubhav Pratap-Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Inhibitory Activity ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Antitumor Agent ◽

Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Free Sugar ◽

Natural Food ◽

Anticancer Activities

In this study, Egyptian beebread (EBB) was investigated for its nutritive value, chemical composition, antioxidant properties, antimicrobial and antitumor activities. Results indicated that EBB was a good source of protein (23.58 ± 0.183 g/100 g BB), total free sugar (20.266 ± 0.930) and potassium (290.202 ± 2.645 mg/100 g). Additionally, 14 fatty acids were identified in EBB, wherein polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids represented 51.06% ± 0.09% and 9.86% ± 0.01%, respectively. The EBB extract exhibited almost 400% better antiradical activity than BHT, with IC50 of EBB extract being 10.7 µg/mL compared to 39.5 µg/mL for BHT. EBB exhibited higher inhibitory activity than the reference compound against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, followed by Bacillus subtilis. No inhibitory activity was observed against Aspergillus Niger. Additionally, the highest inhibitory activity was recorded against Caco-2 cells, followed by PC3 and HepG-2 cancer cell lines with IC50 values 262, 314 and 386 μg/mL, respectively. These findings establish the potential of EBB as an antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumor agent, with possible applications as natural food supplements and natural preservatives.

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