Right-To-Work Legislation and the Economic Position of Black Workers

1987 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
Paul W. Grimes
Keyword(s):  
Employment Effect ◽  
Relative Wage ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Black Workers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wage Effect ◽  
Relative Employment ◽  
Right To Work ◽  
Economic Position ◽  
Union Shop

Recent empirical analysis of state right-to-work legislation indicates that a negative wage effect may result as a consequence of banning union shop contracts. It has been previously shown that industrial unionism tends to improve the relative wage position of black workers. Thus, it is hypothesized that if state right-to-work laws weaken the economic power of unions to raise wages, black workers will experience a disproportionate decline in their relative wage position. Black workers in right-to-work states would therefore experience a reduction in their relative economic position unless a strong positive relative employment effect occurs in response to the decline in wages. Using a cross-sectional regression model this article examines the relative employment effect due to right-to-work legislation. The results indicate that black workers experience a statistically significant decline in their relative employment rate within right-to-work states. When this finding is coupled with the hypothesized negative wage effect, it is concluded that right-to-work legislation results in a worsening of the net economic position of black workers.

Occupying Jim Crow

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Jim Crow ◽  
Black Workers ◽  
Free Labor ◽  
Right To Work ◽  
The Right ◽  
Class Divisions

Chapter 2 details how black workers responded to the resistance of white tourists and the ambiguous state of segregation in the late 1880s and early 1890s. In their campaigns to desegregate public and commercial leisure space, black activists used violent and non-violent resistance to manipulate class divisions among whites and fight against discrimination by claiming full rights as citizens and free choice as consumers. By claiming that the right to consume was equal to the right to work, black workers helped refute free labor ideology as the basis of economic freedom.

scholarly journals Associations between parental socioeconomic position and health-seeking behaviour for diarrhoea and acute respiratory infection among under-5 children in Myanmar: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e032039
Author(s):  
Kaung Suu Lwin ◽  
Shuhei Nomura ◽  
Daisuke Yoneoka ◽  
Peter Ueda ◽  
Sarah Krull Abe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Private Provider ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Health Seeking Behaviour ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Provider ◽  
Economic Position ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

ObjectivesTo examine the associations of parental social and economic position with health-seeking behaviour for diarrhoea and acute respiratory infection (ARI) among under-5 children in Myanmar and explore potential underlying mechanisms.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingA secondary dataset from the nationwide 2015–2016 Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey (MDHS).ParticipantsAll under-5 children in the sampled households with reported symptoms of diarrhoea and ARI during the 2-week period preceding the MDHS survey interview.Primary and secondary outcome measuresFour parental health-seeking behaviours: ‘seeking treatment’, ‘formal health provider’, ‘public provider’ and ‘private provider’ were considered. Social and economic positions were determined by confirmatory factor analysis. Multilevel logistic regressions were employed to examine the associations of social and economic positions with health-seeking behaviours for diarrhoea and ARI. Mediation analyses were conducted to explore potential underlying mechanisms in these associations.ResultsOf the 4099 under-5 children from the sampled households in MDHS, 427 (10.4%) with diarrhoea and 131 (3.2%) with ARI were considered for the analyses. For diarrhoea, social position was positively associated with seeking treatment and private provider use (adjusted OR: 1.60 (95% CIs: 1.07 to 2.38) and 1.83 (1.00 to 3.34), respectively). Economic position was positively associated with private provider use for diarrhoea (1.57 (1.07 to 2.30)). Negative associations were observed between social and economic positions with public provider use for diarrhoea (0.55 (0.30 to 0.99) and 0.64 (0.43 to 0.94), respectively). Social position had more influence than economic position on parental health-seeking behaviour for children with diarrhoea. No evidence for a significant association of social and economic position with health-seeking for ARI was observed.ConclusionsSocial and economic positions were possible determinants of health-seeking behaviour for diarrhoea among children; and social position had more influence than economic position. The results of this study may contribute to improve relevant interventions for diarrhoea and ARI among children in Myanmar.

scholarly journals The Healthiness of Food and Beverages on Price Promotion at Promotional Displays: A Cross-Sectional Audit of Australian Supermarkets

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 9026
Author(s):  
Lily Grigsby-Duffy ◽  
Sally Schultz ◽  
Liliana Orellana ◽  
Ella Robinson ◽  
Adrian J. Cameron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Environments ◽  
Unhealthy Food ◽  
Price Promotion ◽  
Healthy Foods ◽  
Purchasing Decisions ◽  
Price Promotions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Food And Beverages ◽  
Economic Position

Supermarket environments can strongly influence purchasing decisions. Price promotions are recognised as a particularly persuasive tactic, but the healthiness of price promotions in prominent in-store locations is understudied. This study compared the prevalence and magnitude of price promotions on healthy and unhealthy food and beverages (foods) displayed at prominent in-store locations within Australian supermarkets, including analyses by supermarket group and area-level socio-economic position. A cross-sectional in-store audit of price promotions on foods at key display areas was undertaken in 104 randomly selected stores from major Australian supermarket groups (Woolworths, Coles, Aldi and independents) in Victoria, Australia. Of the display space dedicated to foods with price promotions, three of the four supermarket groups had a greater proportion of display space devoted to unhealthy (compared to healthy) foods at each promotional location measured (end of aisles: 66%; island bins: 53%; checkouts: 88%). Aldi offered very few price promotions. Few measures varied by area-level socio-economic position. This study demonstrated that price promotions at prominent in-store locations in Australian supermarkets favoured unhealthy foods. Marketing of this nature is likely to encourage the purchase of unhealthy foods, highlighting the need for retailers and policy-makers to consider addressing in-store pricing and placement strategies to encourage healthier food environments.

scholarly journals The association between socio-economic position and diet quality in Australian adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Backholer ◽  
Elizabeth Spencer ◽  
Emma Gearon ◽  
Dianna J Magliano ◽  
Sarah A McNaughton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Economic Disadvantage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Guideline ◽  
Economic Position

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the association between multiple measures of socio-economic position (SEP) and diet quality, using a diet quality index representing current national dietary guidelines, in the Australian adult population.DesignCross-sectional study. Linear regression analyses were used to estimate the association between indicators of SEP (educational attainment, level of income and area-level disadvantage) and diet quality (measured using the Dietary Guideline Index (DGI)) in the total sample and stratified by sex and age (≤55 years and >55 years).SettingA large randomly selected sample of the Australian adult population.SubjectsAustralian adults (n 9296; aged ≥25 years) from the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study.ResultsA higher level of educational attainment and income and a lower level of area-level disadvantage were significantly associated with a higher DGI score, across the gradient of SEP. The association between indicators of SEP and DGI score was consistently stronger among those aged ≤55 years compared with their older counterparts. The most disadvantaged group had a DGI score between 2 and 5 units lower (depending on the marker of SEP) compared with the group with the least disadvantage.ConclusionsA higher level of SEP was consistently associated with a higher level of diet quality for all indicators of SEP examined. In order to reduce socio-economic inequalities in diet quality, healthy eating initiatives need to act across the gradient of socio-economic disadvantage with a proportionate focus on those with greater socio-economic disadvantage.

Union Shop Polls: A Solution to the Right-to-Work Issue

ILR Review ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanford Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Right To Work ◽  
Union Shop ◽  
The Right

scholarly journals Temporal trends in BMI in Argentina by socio-economic position and province-level economic development, 2005–2009

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 817-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J Christine ◽  
Ana V Diez Roux ◽  
Jeffrey J Wing ◽  
Marcio Alazraqui ◽  
Hugo Spinelli
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Secular Trends ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Economic Position ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Province Level ◽  
Representative Samples

AbstractObjectiveWe investigated temporal trends in BMI, and assessed hypothesized predictors of trends including socio-economic position (SEP) and province-level economic development, in Argentina.DesignUsing multivariable linear regression, we evaluated cross-sectional patterning and temporal trends in BMI and examined heterogeneity in these associations by SEP and province-level economic development with nationally representative samples from Argentina in 2005 and 2009. We calculated mean annual changes in BMI for men and women to assess secular trends.ResultsWomen, but not men, exhibited a strong cross-sectional inverse association between SEP and BMI, with the lowest-SEP women having an average BMI 2·55 kg/m2greater than the highest-SEP women. Analysis of trends revealed a mean annual increase in BMI of 0·19 kg/m2and 0·15 kg/m2for women and men, respectively, with slightly greater increases occurring in provinces with greater economic growth. No significant heterogeneity in trends existed by individual SEP.ConclusionsBMI is increasing rapidly over time in Argentina irrespective of various sociodemographic characteristics. Higher BMI remains more common in women of lower SEP compared with those of higher SEP.

scholarly journals Labor Taxes, Wage Setting and the Relative Wage Effect

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Brunello ◽  
Maria Laura Parisi ◽  
Daniela Sonedda
Keyword(s):  
Relative Wage ◽  
Wage Setting ◽  
Wage Effect ◽  
Labor Taxes

scholarly journals Cohort risk sharing in Pakistan: Relative wage and consumption movements over time

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-96
Author(s):  
Syed Hassan Raza
Keyword(s):  
Risk Sharing ◽  
Consumption Smoothing ◽  
University Education ◽  
Relative Wage ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Education Group ◽  
The University ◽  
Education Groups ◽  
Synthetic Panel

This study analyzes to which extent the distribution of consumption is affected by the relative wage movement among birth cohorts and education groups. Our empirical design is based on a synthetic panel constructed using repeated cross-sectional data from “Household Integrated Economic Survey of Pakistan.” We limit our analysis to persons aged between 26 to 50 years at the time of survey. To see the evolution of change in income and consumption we measured growth by taking 6, 8- and 10-years’ difference respectively. The findings ascertained there is limited risk-sharing across cohort-education groups in Pakistan, but the measured extent of risk-sharing increases over longer horizons. Furthermore, we observe relatively higher consumption smoothing among the less educated people over the period of ten years. In the university education group, results reveal less consumption smoothing in the shorter, six- and eight-year time periods.  The study concludes that the relative risk-sharing over a decade is better in Pakistan than the shorter growth horizon.

scholarly journals The Effect of Job–Education Vertical Mismatch on Wages Among Recent PhD Graduates: Evidence From an Instrumental Variable Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Lucio Gaeta ◽  
Giuseppe Lubrano Lavadera ◽  
Francesco Pastore
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Micro Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Instrumental Variable Analysis ◽  
Wage Effect ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Variable Analysis

Abstract Existing studies suggest that recent PhD graduates with a job vertically mismatched with their education tend to earn lower wages than their matched counterparts. However, by being based on cross-sectional ordinary least squares (OLS) estimates, these studies raise endogeneity concerns and can only be considered evidence of a correlation between vertical mismatch and wages. This paper improves this literature by applying a heteroskedasticity-based instrumental variable estimation approach to analyzing Italian PhD holders’ cross-sectional micro-data. Our analysis suggests that previous empirical studies have provided slightly upward estimates of the impact of vertical mismatch on wages. Nevertheless, our results show that the effect of overeducation on wages is sizeable. However, no wage effect is found for overskilling. The heterogeneity of these findings by field of study and gender are also inspected.

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