Notes on the relationship between the permeability and viability of yeast cells

1962 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-258
Author(s):  
L. KOVáč ◽  
Vlasta Kováčová
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Cells ◽  
The Relationship

Insights into the relationship between the proteasome and autophagy in human and yeast cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Athané ◽  
Anthony Buisson ◽  
Marion Challier ◽  
Florian Beaumatin ◽  
Stéphen Manon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Cells ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals SIMILARITY OF THE KINETICS OF INVERTASE ACTION IN VIVO AND IN VITRO. III

1933 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Nelson ◽  
B. G. Wilkes
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Water Concentration ◽  
Invertase Activity ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Identical Manner ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

1. The relationship of sucrose and water concentration to invertase activity in vivo and in vitro has been studied under the same environmental conditions. 2. The sucroclastic activity of S. cerevisiae cells and of invertase solutions prepared from them reacts to changes in sucrose and water concentration in an identical manner. 3. The invertase contained in living yeast cells is just as freely exposed to the conditions of sucrose and water concentrations of the suspending medium as it would be if it were contained in a cell-free solution. Weight is added to the previous suggestion (2) that yeast invertase exerts its physiological activity in a region quite close to the surface of the cell.

scholarly journals The size-wise nucleus: nuclear volume control in eukaryotes

2007 ◽  
Vol 179 (4) ◽  
pp. 583-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Huber ◽  
Larry Gerace
Keyword(s):  
Fission Yeast ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Size Control ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Nuclear Size ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Volume Control ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Relationship

Eukaryotic cells have an “awareness” of their volume and organellar volumes, and maintain a nuclear size that is proportional to the total cell size. New studies in budding and fission yeast have examined the relationship between cell and nuclear volumes. It was found that the size of the nucleus remains proportional to cell size in a wide range of genetic backgrounds and growth conditions that alter cell volume and DNA content. Moreover, in multinucleated fission yeast cells, Neumann and Nurse (see p. 593 of this issue) found that the sizes of individual nuclei are controlled by the relative amount of cytoplasm surrounding each nucleus. These results highlight a role of the cytoplasm in nuclear size control.

scholarly journals The Binding of Mercury by the Yeast Cell in Relation to Changes in Permeability

1960 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 621-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermann Passow ◽  
Aser Rothstein
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium State ◽  
Mercuric Chloride ◽  
Mercury Concentration ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Normal Curve ◽  
Irreversible Damage ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Maximal Loss

Yeast cells exposed to mercuric chloride suffer irreversible damage to the membrane, resulting in a loss of potassium and cellular anions to the medium. The maximal loss of K+, but not the time course of K+ loss is related to the mercury concentration, the relationship following a normal curve on a graph of log-concentration versus effect. It is concluded that the response is all or none for individual cells, and that with increasing concentrations of metal, the threshold is exceeded in an increasing proportion of the cells. Parallel studies of the binding of mercury by the cells indicate two distinct phases, only one of which is associated with the physiological response. The binding process is relatively slow but reaches an equilibrium state. Desorption is markedly dependent on temperature. No simple stoichiometric relationship exists between the binding of mercury and the physiological response (K+ loss).

scholarly journals The mutational landscape of a prion-like domain

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedetta Bolognesi ◽  
Andre J. Faure ◽  
Mireia Seuma ◽  
Jörn M. Schmiedel ◽  
Gian Gaetano Tartaglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Systems ◽  
Genetic Interactions ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Insoluble Protein ◽  
Cellular Toxicity ◽  
Powerful Approach ◽  
Unstructured Proteins ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Abstract Insoluble protein aggregates are the hallmarks of many neurodegenerative diseases. For example, aggregates of TDP-43 occur in nearly all cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, whether aggregates cause cellular toxicity is still not clear, even in simpler cellular systems. We reasoned that deep mutagenesis might be a powerful approach to disentangle the relationship between aggregation and toxicity. We generated >50,000 mutations in the prion-like domain (PRD) of TDP-43 and quantified their toxicity in yeast cells. Surprisingly, mutations that increase hydrophobicity and aggregation strongly decrease toxicity. In contrast, toxic variants promote the formation of dynamic liquid-like condensates. Mutations have their strongest effects in a hotspot that genetic interactions reveal to be structured in vivo, illustrating how mutagenesis can probe the in vivo structures of unstructured proteins. Our results show that aggregation of TDP-43 is not harmful but protects cells, most likely by titrating the protein away from a toxic liquid-like phase.

Radiation-Induced Chromosome Aberrations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Influence of DNA Repair Pathways

Genetics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 148 (3) ◽  
pp. 975-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna A Friedl ◽  
Markus Kiechle ◽  
Barbara Fellerhoff ◽  
Friederike Eckardt-Schupp
Keyword(s):  
Homologous Recombination ◽  
Chromosome Aberrations ◽  
Nonhomologous End Joining ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Dna Double Strand Breaks ◽  
End Joining ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
Cell Clones ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractRadiation-induced chromosome aberrations, particularly exchange-type aberrations, are thought to result from misrepair of DNA double-strand breaks. The relationship between individual pathways of break repair and aberration formation is not clear. By electrophoretic karyotyping of single-cell clones derived from irradiated cells, we have analyzed the induction of stable aberrations in haploid yeast cells mutated for the RAD52 gene, the RAD54 gene, the HDF1(=YKU70) gene, or combinations thereof. We found low and comparable frequencies of aberrational events in wildtype and hdf1 mutants, and assume that in these strains most of the survivors descended from cells that were in G2 phase during irradiation and therefore able to repair breaks by homologous recombination between sister chromatids. In the rad52 and the rad54 strains, enhanced formation of aberrations, mostly exchange-type aberrations, was detected, demonstrating the misrepair activity of a rejoining mechanism other than homologous recombination. No aberration was found in the rad52 hdf1 double mutant, and the frequency in the rad54 hdf1 mutant was very low. Hence, misrepair resulting in exchange-type aberrations depends largely on the presence of Hdf1, a component of the nonhomologous end-joining pathway in yeast.

scholarly journals Genomic Sequencing of sod1D Yeast That Escape Spore Death

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 1015-1015
Author(s):  
Temiloluwa Adanlawo ◽  
Helen Vander Wende
Keyword(s):  
Atp Synthase ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Zinc Ion ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Single Point Mutation ◽  
Sod1 Gene ◽  
Rich Media ◽  
Yeast Meiosis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Abstract Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease that impacts nerve cells and the spinal cord, which in some cases are linked to mutations in the Superoxide Dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene. Sod1 is an antioxidant within cells that converts reactive oxygen from superoxide into water using a copper and zinc ion to deactivate the oxygen. When the SOD1 gene is deleted, yeast cells are still able to undergo meiotic divisions and generate four spores, but the spores that are produced are inviable. However, we see that randomly, sod1∆ spores can grow on rich media. This leads us to hypothesize that somewhere in the genome, there is a suppressor mutation that allows these cells to grow. We tested this hypothesis by preparing samples for whole genome sequencing. By comparing the genomic sequences from our suppressor mutants to wild-type controls, we’re able to identify a single point mutation within a gene called NCA2, which codes for a protein that regulates expression of Fo-F1 ATP synthase subunits 6 and 8. Given this result, we are now working to try and understand the relationship between the sod1∆ spore death phenotype and the modulation of ATP synthase activity. In summary, the results from our work have the potential to further help us understand what role Sod1 plays in yeast meiosis and may be able to give us a deeper understanding for ALS cases that are linked to Sod1.

The Beer Phenolic Profile Change During «Dry» Hopping in the Post-fermentation Stage Conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Ирина Николаевна Грибкова ◽  
Ольга Алексеевна Борисенко ◽  
Максим Александрович Захаров ◽  
Варвара Алексеевна Захарова ◽  
Валерий Иванович Козлов
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Concentration Increase ◽  
Polyphenol Content ◽  
Lager Yeast ◽  
Phenolic Profile ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fermentation Stage ◽  
Profile Change ◽  
Metabolic Cycle

Статья посвящена вопросу изменения фенольного профиля пива в условиях «холодного» охмеления во время дображивания пива. Оценено влияние метаболизма дрожжевых клеток и типа хмеля во время дображивания на изменение общего количества полифенолов, изоксантогумола, изогумулона, кверцетина и рутина. Показано, что применение низовой расы дрожжей Rh и горького типа хмеля Mагнум позволяет добиться высокого (до 123,0 мг/дм3) содержания полифенолов в пиве к 1 сут «холодного» охмеления в отличие от тонко-ароматного хмеля Tетнангера, применение которого дает максимум количества полифенолов к 14 сут процесса. Применение верховой расы дрожжей Nottinghem приводит к замедлению увеличения концентрации полифенолов в среде, поскольку только к 7-14 сут вне зависимости от типа хмеля происходит их накопление. Показана зависимость в течение первых 14 сут изменения количества изоксантогумола от расы дрожжей и типа хмеля, а в последующем - только от типа хмеля. Авторами получены результаты, свидетельствующие о том, что кверцетин не вовлекается низовыми дрожжами в метаболический цикл, в отличие от верховых. Изменение концентрации рутина в пиве не зависит от расы дрожжей, и определяется своим содержанием в хмеле определенного типа. В работе показана взаимосвязь между процессами изменения содержания изогумулона и изоксантогумола при «холодном» охмелении в зависимости от ряда факторов. Проведение органолептического анализа позволило соотнести балловую оценку дескрипторов пива с основными показателями фенольного профиля. The article is devoted to the issue of beer phenolic profile changing in the conditions of «dry» hopping during the after-fermentation of beer. The influence of the yeast cells metabolism and the hop type during fermentation on the change in the polyphenol, isoxanthohumol, isogumulone, quercetin and rutin total amount, was evaluated. It has been shown that the Rh lager yeast race use and the Magnum bitter hop type makes it possible to achieve a high (up to 123.0 mg/dm3) polyphenol content in beer by 1 day of «dry» hopping, in contrast to the finely aromatic Tettnanger hops, the use of which gives the maximum polyphenol amount by 14 days of the process. The Nottinghem ale yeast race use leads to a slowdown in the polyphenol concentration increase in the medium, since their accumulation occurs only by 7-14 days, regardless of the hop type. The dependence during the first 14 days of the change in the isoxanthohumol amount on the yeast race and the hop type, and subsequently - only on the hop type was shown. The authors obtained results indicating that quercetin is not involved in the metabolic cycle by lager yeast, in contrast to ale yeast. The change in the rutin concentration in beer does not depend on the yeast race and is determined by its content in a certain type of hop. The paper shows the relationship between the processes of changing the isogumulone and isoxanthohumol content during «dry» hopping, depending on several factors. Organoleptic analysis made it possible to correlate the beer descriptors scoring with the phenolic profile main indicators.

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