The Response of Tropical Cyclone Intensity to Temperature Profile Change

Theory indicates that tropical cyclone intensity should respond to changes in the vertical temperature profile. While the sensitivity of tropical cyclone intensity to sea surface temperature is well understood, less is known about sensitivity to the temperature profile. In this paper, we combine historical data analysis and idealised modelling to explore the extent to which historical tropospheric warming and lower stratospheric cooling can explain observed trends in the tropical cyclone intensity distribution. Observations and modelling agree that historical global temperature profile changes coincide with higher lifetime maximum intensities. But observations suggest the response depends on the tropical cyclone intensity itself. Historical lower- and upper-tropospheric temperatures in hurricane environments have warmed significantly faster than the tropical mean. In addition, hurricane-strength storms have intensified at twice the rate of weaker storms per unit warming at the surface and at 300-hPa. Idealized simulations respond in the expected sense to various imposed changes in the temperature profile and agree with tropical cyclones operating as heat engines. Yet lower stratospheric temperature changes have little influence. Idealised modelling further shows an increasing altitude of the TC outflow but little change in outflow temperature. This enables increased efficiency for strong tropical cyclones despite the warming upper troposphere. Observed sensitivities are generally larger than modelled sensitivities, suggesting that observed tropical cyclone intensity change responds to a combination of the temperature profile change and other environmental factors.

The Beer Phenolic Profile Change During «Dry» Hopping in the Post-fermentation Stage Conditions

Статья посвящена вопросу изменения фенольного профиля пива в условиях «холодного» охмеления во время дображивания пива. Оценено влияние метаболизма дрожжевых клеток и типа хмеля во время дображивания на изменение общего количества полифенолов, изоксантогумола, изогумулона, кверцетина и рутина. Показано, что применение низовой расы дрожжей Rh и горького типа хмеля Mагнум позволяет добиться высокого (до 123,0 мг/дм3) содержания полифенолов в пиве к 1 сут «холодного» охмеления в отличие от тонко-ароматного хмеля Tетнангера, применение которого дает максимум количества полифенолов к 14 сут процесса. Применение верховой расы дрожжей Nottinghem приводит к замедлению увеличения концентрации полифенолов в среде, поскольку только к 7-14 сут вне зависимости от типа хмеля происходит их накопление. Показана зависимость в течение первых 14 сут изменения количества изоксантогумола от расы дрожжей и типа хмеля, а в последующем - только от типа хмеля. Авторами получены результаты, свидетельствующие о том, что кверцетин не вовлекается низовыми дрожжами в метаболический цикл, в отличие от верховых. Изменение концентрации рутина в пиве не зависит от расы дрожжей, и определяется своим содержанием в хмеле определенного типа. В работе показана взаимосвязь между процессами изменения содержания изогумулона и изоксантогумола при «холодном» охмелении в зависимости от ряда факторов. Проведение органолептического анализа позволило соотнести балловую оценку дескрипторов пива с основными показателями фенольного профиля. The article is devoted to the issue of beer phenolic profile changing in the conditions of «dry» hopping during the after-fermentation of beer. The influence of the yeast cells metabolism and the hop type during fermentation on the change in the polyphenol, isoxanthohumol, isogumulone, quercetin and rutin total amount, was evaluated. It has been shown that the Rh lager yeast race use and the Magnum bitter hop type makes it possible to achieve a high (up to 123.0 mg/dm3) polyphenol content in beer by 1 day of «dry» hopping, in contrast to the finely aromatic Tettnanger hops, the use of which gives the maximum polyphenol amount by 14 days of the process. The Nottinghem ale yeast race use leads to a slowdown in the polyphenol concentration increase in the medium, since their accumulation occurs only by 7-14 days, regardless of the hop type. The dependence during the first 14 days of the change in the isoxanthohumol amount on the yeast race and the hop type, and subsequently - only on the hop type was shown. The authors obtained results indicating that quercetin is not involved in the metabolic cycle by lager yeast, in contrast to ale yeast. The change in the rutin concentration in beer does not depend on the yeast race and is determined by its content in a certain type of hop. The paper shows the relationship between the processes of changing the isogumulone and isoxanthohumol content during «dry» hopping, depending on several factors. Organoleptic analysis made it possible to correlate the beer descriptors scoring with the phenolic profile main indicators.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infectious Profile Change in Mali: A Narrative Review

West Africa is reputed as an epicenter of HIV-2 infection. Studies undertaken in Mali suspected HIV-1 more prevalent. Our study aims to document HIV infectious profiles in Mali and analyze HIV-1 dominance. We documented HIV studies undertaken in Mali from1985 to 2010. We proceeded to a bibliographic search focused on theses from the Medicine Pharmacy Odontostomatology Faculty (FMPOS) of Bamako, survey reports, and abstracts or papers published in reviews with the reading committee. Documents were physically and virtually (via website) consulted and exploited. We gave preference to studies that discriminated against HIV serotypes. The data were analyzed according to study population/publication, representativeness, infectious profiles reporting, socio-demographic and clinical characteristics. HIV profiles variation in space and time was analyzed by using a linear regression model. Calculations were done using Excel software.

Improvement of Nutraceutical Value of Parsley Leaves (Petroselinum crispum) upon Field Applications of Beneficial Microorganisms

Parsley (Petroselinum crispum) is an important aromatic herb that has gained importance in food and cosmetic industry, and it is used as medicinal plant due to the presence of compounds with biological activity. Several studies have demonstrated antioxidant, antimicrobial or cancer chemopreventive activity of different parts of parsley plants. We showed that the nutritional value of parsley leaves can be improved by treatments with beneficial microorganisms on the field crop. Streptomyces fulvissimus strain AtB-42 and Trichoderma harzianum strain T22 were applied, as singly or in combination (microbial consortium), at transplanting and two weeks later. After harvesting, plants were subjected to metabolomic analysis by LC and GC-MS. Spectrometric analysis resulted in the identification of seven polar metabolites. Results showed a significant difference in relative abundance of these metabolites among treatments. The AtB-42 application, alone or in combination with T22, induced the accumulation of petroselinic acid, while T22, alone or in combination, induced the accumulation of xanthotoxol/bergaptol and its derivative xanthotoxin/bergapten. The microbial consortium increased the accumulation of capsanthone compared to single treatments. No statistically relevant differences were found for the volatile fraction. It can be concluded that S. fulvissimus and T. harzianum significantly induced metabolic profile change of parsley and the accumulation of metabolites with nutraceutical value.

Evidence for profile changes in PSR J1713+0747 using the uGMRT

ABSTRACT PSR J1713+0747 is one of the most precisely timed pulsars in the international pulsar timing array experiment. This pulsar showed an abrupt profile shape change between 2021 April 16, (MJD 59320) and 2021 April 17 (MJD 59321). In this paper, we report the results from multi-frequency observations of this pulsar carried out with the upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (uGMRT) before and after the event. We demonstrate the profile change seen in Band 5 (1260 MHz–1460 MHz) and Band 3 (300 MHz–500 MHz). The timing analysis of this pulsar shows a disturbance accompanying this profile change followed by a recovery with a time-scale of ∼159 days. Our data suggest that a model with chromatic index as a free parameter is preferred over models with combinations of achromaticity with DM bump or scattering bump. We determine the frequency dependence to be ∼ν+1.34.

Glycemic fluctuation exacerbates inflammation and bone loss and alters microbiota profile around implants in diabetic mice with experimental peri-implantitis

Background The impact of glycemic fluctuation under diabetic condition on peri-implantitis in diabetic patients remains unclear. We hypothesized that glycemic fluctuation has greater adverse effect on experimental peri-implantitis, compared with sustained high blood glucose in diabetes. Results Maxillary left first and second molars of diabetic db/db mice were extracted and were replaced with one dental implant in the healed edentulous space. Glycemic control or fluctuation were managed by constant or interrupted oral administration of rosiglitazone to these mice. Meanwhile, experimental peri-implantitis was induced by ligation around implants. After 14 weeks, inflammatory responses, and peri-implant bone loss, together with oral microbiota profile were analyzed. Diabetic mice with glycemic fluctuation showed greater peri-implant bone loss, inflammatory cell infiltration, and osteoclastogenesis, compared with mice with sustained hyperglycemia. Compared to sustained hyperglycemia, glycemic fluctuation led to further increase in IL-1β, TNFα, RANKL, TLR2/4, IRAK1, and TRAF6 mRNA expression in peri-implant gingival tissues. Both rosiglitazone-induced glycemic control and glycemic fluctuation caused microbiota profile change in diabetic mice compared to that in uncontrolled hyperglycemic mice. Conclusions This study suggests that glycemic fluctuation may aggravate peri-implantitis inflammation and bone loss, which may be associated with a shift in peri-implant microbial profile towards dysbiotic changes and the activation of TLR2/4-IRAK1-TRAF6 signaling.

The Influence of Vaccination of Broiler Chickens and Turkeys with Live E. coli Attenuated Vaccine on E. coli Population Properties and TRT Vaccination Efficacy

Colibacillosis is one of the major causes of economic losses in the poultry industry. Vaccination against E. coli is attracting increasing interest. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of vaccination with live, aroA gene-deleted vaccine on the structure and properties of field E. coli population and its potential impact on TRT vaccination efficacy in broiler chickens and turkeys. We performed three independent experiments on farms: (1) with antibiotic-free broiler chickens, (2) with conventional broiler chickens and (3) with broiler turkeys. In experiment 1, we have recorded an approx. 0–15% prevalence of multi-susceptible E. coli strains in the first production cycle. Starting from production cycle number two, after vaccination introduction, successive significant increases in E. coli susceptibility emerged, reaching 100% of strains at the end of production cycle 3. Increased E. coli susceptibility remained for three production cycles after vaccination withdrawal. In experiments 2 (2 production cycles) and 3 (1 production cycle), we recorded similar tendencies of E. coli susceptibility profile change. In experiments 1 and 2, the E. coli population count was lower after vaccination. In experiments 2 and 3, no negative influence of E. coli vaccination on the level of specific antibodies against TRT was recorded.

Influence of Blade Profile Change on Gas Path Performance and Their Ontology-Based Fault Knowledge Expression

During the operation of the gas turbine engine, the blades are prone to gas path faults such as fouling, corrosion, and erosion, or even fracture. Current research usually ignores the impact of different changes in blade profile on the gas path performance. Due to the lack of a unified description between the faulty blade and the gas path performance, it is difficult to implement the knowledge expression for the blade faults. This paper proposed the following framework to fill this gap. (1) Establish a corresponding relationship between blade profile change and gas path performance degradation based on numerical simulation. (2) Combined with ontology, case-based reasoning in knowledge expression of blade faults is investigated. The knowledge base for blade faults is constructed with ontology using the simulation results. The integration, traceability, and reuse of the simulation results are realized. (3) A case is used to verify the effectiveness of the ontology knowledge base for the faulty blade and realize the knowledge expression of blade faults. This will support the real-time diagnosis of blade faults and health management for the gas turbine engine.