The long-term habituation of sexual arousal in human males: A crossover design

1997 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph J. Plaud ◽  
George A. Gaither ◽  
Susan Amato Henderson ◽  
Mary K. Devitt
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Arousal ◽  
Crossover Design

scholarly journals Effects of long-term orall-arginine on esophageal motility and gallbladder dynamics in healthy humans

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (6) ◽  
pp. G984-G991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. C. Luiking ◽  
B. L. A. M. Weusten ◽  
P. Portincasa ◽  
R. Van Der Meer ◽  
A. J. P. M. Smout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Esophageal Motility ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Gallbladder Motility ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Nitrite Nitrate

Inhibitory nitrergic neurons are known to play a role in the regulation of motility patterns of the distal esophagus, the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), and the gallbladder. Our study aim was to investigate the effects of “long-term” (i.e., prolonged) oral intake ofl-arginine (l-Arg), the endogenous source for nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, on postprandial LES pressure (LESP), esophageal motility, gastroesophageal reflux, and gallbladder motility. l-Arg (30 g/day) or glycine (placebo; 13 g/day; isosmolar) was given orally to 10 healthy male volunteers for 8 days, according to a randomized, crossover design. Twenty-four-hour urinary nitrite/nitrate excretion was measured to indicate NO synthesis. Basal early postprandial LESP was lower after l-Arg ingestion (2.2 kPa) than after glycine ingestion (2.7 kPa) ( P < 0.05).l-Arg abolished the physiological late postprandial rise in LESP. Transient LES relaxations were longer lasting after l-Arg ingestion ( P < 0.02). Esophageal motility and reflux were not affected (not significant). Fasting and residual gallbladder volumes were greater afterl-Arg ingestion ( P < 0.05). Urinary nitrite/nitrate excretion was higher after l-Arg intake ( P < 0.05). In conclusion, long-term oral l-Arg suppresses late postprandial LESP increase, prolongs transient LES relaxations, and increases fasting and residual gallbladder volumes. These effects may be mediated by increased NO synthesis.

scholarly journals Velocity Loss Thresholds Reliably Control Kinetic and Kinematic Outputs during Free Weight Resistance Training

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6509
Author(s):  
Madison Pearson ◽  
Amador García-Ramos ◽  
Matthew Morrison ◽  
Carlos Ramirez-Lopez ◽  
Nicholas Dalton-Barron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
External Load ◽  
Relative Velocity ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Professional Athletes ◽  
Back Squat ◽  
Free Weight

Exercise velocity and relative velocity loss thresholds (VLTs) are commonly used in velocity-based resistance training. This study aims to quantify the between-day reliability of 10%, 20%, and 30% VLTs on kinetic and kinematic outputs, changes in external load, and repetition characteristics in well-trained athletes. Using a repeated, counter-balanced crossover design, twelve semi-professional athletes completed five sets of the back squat with an external load corresponding to a mean concentric velocity of ~0.70 m·s−1 and a VLT applied. The testing sessions were repeated after four weeks of unstructured training to assess the long-term reliability of each VLT. A coefficient of variation (CV) <10% was used to classify outputs as reliable. Kinetic and kinematic outputs and external load were largely reliable, with only peak power during sets 2–5 within the 10% VLT condition demonstrating a CV >10% (CV: 11.14–14.92%). Alternatively, the repetitions completed within each set showed large variation (CV: 18.92–67.49%). These findings demonstrate that by utilizing VLTs, kinetic and kinematic outputs can be prescribed and replicated across training mesocycles. Thus, for practitioners wishing to reliably control the kinetic and kinematic stimulus that is being applied to their athletes, it is advised that a velocity-based approach is used.

Three-period, two-treatment crossover design under long-term carryover effect

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suryasish Chatterjee ◽  
Uttam Bandyopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Crossover Design ◽  
Carryover Effect

2. The Effects of Sociosexual Orientation, Gender and Relationship Context Cues in Audio Narratives on Heterosexual Men's Genital and Subjective Sexual Response.

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenna Brandon
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Arousal ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Sexual Relationships ◽  
Heterosexual Men ◽  
Sexual Encounter ◽  
Relationship Context ◽  
Context Cues

Past research suggests that heterosexual men show a category-specific pattern of sexual arousal, showing greater arousal to stimuli depicting women than those depicting men.Gender is not, however, the only factor affecting sexual arousal in men. Research has shown that men regard relationship context as an important factor in sexual arousal.Additionally, men show greater sexual arousal to novel than to familiar sexual stimuli. Sociosexuality, the preference for committed or uncommitted sexual relationships,affects behaviour and partner preferences. The current study investigates the relationship between sociosexuality, gender cues, relationship context cues, and sexual arousal in menby assessing 25 heterosexual men’s genital and subjective sexual arousal to 18 audio narratives describing sexual or neutral encounters with female and male strangers,friends, or long-term relationship partners. I expect that heterosexual men will show greater subjective and genital arousal in response to stimuli depicting a sexual encounter with a woman than to stimuli depicting a sexual encounter with a man, replicating previous research. I hypothesize that there will be an interaction between gender cues and relationship context, such that men will show greater sexual arousal to stimuli depicting novel female sexual partners (strangers and friends) than to stimuli depicting familiar female sexual partners (long-term partners). I predict that higher sociosexuality scores, indicating a greater preference for uncommitted sexual relationships, will correlate with greater sexual arousal to uncommitted relationship contexts (strangers or friends), whereas lower sociosexuality scores, will correspond with greater sexual arousal to the committed relationship context (long-term partner).

Female Sexual Arousal and Sociosexuality

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Timmers
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Sexual Arousal ◽  
Sociosexual Orientation ◽  
Genital Arousal ◽  
Multidimensional Measure ◽  
Female Sexual Arousal ◽  
Relationship Partners ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Subjective Arousal

This study investigates the relationship between sociosexuality (one's willingness to engage in uncomitted sexual activity) and women's patterns of sexual arousal. Assessments are being made of approximately twenty women's subjective and genital arousal to 18 audio clips depicting sexual or neutral ecounters with strangers, friends, and long-term relationship partners. Participants are expected to show the highest genital and subjective arousal to the scenarios demonstrating the level of commitment that corresponds with their sociosexual orientation. Sociosexuality is being assessed using Jackson & Kirkpatrick's (2007) multidimensional measure of sociosexuality and Penke & Asendorpf's (2008) Revised Sociosexual Orientation Inventory (SOI-R). This study will have important implications for our understanding of women's sexual arousal.  

A Study of the Need for Anticholinergic Medication in Patients Treated with Long-Term Antipsychotics

1986 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian Caradoc-Davies ◽  
David B. Menkes ◽  
Hugh O. Clarkson ◽  
Paul E. Mullen
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Postural Instability ◽  
Anticholinergic Medication ◽  
Extrapyramidal Side Effects ◽  
Total Hospital ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Hospital Population ◽  
Concomitant Medications

Studies on the withdrawal of anticholinergics from patients on antipsychotics have produced conflicting results. This 12-week study employed a double-blind crossover design on 39 adult in-patients selected from a total hospital population of 620. The Colombia Scale was used to determine extrapyramidal side effects (EPS). All patients were stabilised prior to the study on benztropine mesylate 2 mg b.i.d., and gradual withdrawal was employed. Benztropine withdrawal produced a significant increase in overall EPS scores. Ten patients (26%) required reinstatement of benztropine while on placebo. Sialorrhoea, rigidity and postural instability were the most prominent changes. Neither age, sex, nor diagnosis were significantly predictive of EPS. Depot medications and doses greater than 1000 mg/day chlorpromazine-equivalent were related to significant EPS increase. The intrinsic anticholinergic properties of the antipsychotics themselves and concomitant medications, such as antidepressants, appeared protective against development of EPS. Most patients on a combination of antipsychotics and anticholinergics can safely be withdrawn from the latter.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Metacognitive Training for Long-Term Hospitalized Patients with Schizophrenia: A Pilot Study with a Crossover Design

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Kyohei Fujii ◽  
Masayoshi Kobayashi ◽  
Koji Funasaka ◽  
Suguru Kurokawa ◽  
Koji Hamagami
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Metacognitive Training

Effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation frequency on postprandial glycemia, current-related discomfort, and muscle soreness. A crossover study

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 834-839
Author(s):  
Benjamín Guzmán-González ◽  
Pablo Llanos ◽  
Joaquín Calatayud ◽  
Nicola A. Maffiuletti ◽  
Carlos Cruz-Montecinos
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Hypoglycemic Effect ◽  
Glycemic Response ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Postprandial Glycemia ◽  
Patient Tolerance

Consensus is lacking regarding optimal neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) parameters for postprandial glycemic control. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the NMES frequency inducing the greatest hypoglycemic effect in healthy individuals. The secondary aim was to compare current-related discomfort and muscle soreness between different frequencies. We conducted an experimental clinical study with a randomized crossover design. Sixteen healthy and sedentary participants received NMES for 20 min at 5, 10, or 50 Hz (pulse duration: 400 μs, on-off ratio: 4:12 s) following a standardized meal. Glycemia, discomfort, and muscle soreness during and after NMES were compared between conditions. Five-hertz NMES generated a significant hypoglycemic effect, contrary to 10 Hz and 50 Hz. Ten-hertz and 50-Hz NMES resulted respectively in lower current-related discomfort and greater muscle soreness compared with the other frequencies. Women reported higher discomfort than men. These findings contribute towards the possibility of more efficient long-term NMES treatments in terms of glycemic response and patient tolerance.

scholarly journals Bio-Banding In Junior Soccer Players – A Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Romann ◽  
Dennis Lüdin ◽  
Dennis-Peter Born
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Talent Development ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Match Play ◽  
Physical Demand ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Number Of Passes ◽  
Mean Time

Abstract Objective Bio-banding (BB) has been introduced to account for varying maturity and to improve the talent development of junior soccer players. To date, research that investigated the physiological and technical effects of BB is sparse. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess BB based on practical considerations in a cohort of 62 under (U)13 and U14 soccer players in a paired crossover design. Results BB significantly increased the number of duels and set pieces compared to chronological age (p<0.05). The mean time of ball possession per action was reduced and the rate of successful passes was lower with BB. Meanwhile, the total number of passes was unaffected, and there was a trend towards a lower difference in ball possession between BB teams (p<0.1). In addition, BB reduced the distances covered while jogging (p<0.001), running (p<0.05) and high-speed running (p<0.05). With BB, an increased number of duels, unsuccessful passes and set pieces seemed to result from a quicker and more balanced match play between teams. While physical demand was reduced, BB seems to result in a more technically and tactically challenging game. Benefits in long-term player development, however, require further investigation.

scholarly journals Oral Sex, Semen Displacement, and Sexual Arousal: Testing the Ejaculate Adjustment Hypothesis

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 147470491301100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael N. Pham ◽  
Todd K. Shackelford ◽  
Lisa L. M. Welling ◽  
Alyse D. Ehrke ◽  
Yael Sela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Competition ◽  
Sexual Arousal ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Copulatory Behavior ◽  
Oral Sex ◽  
Regular Partner ◽  
Sexual Encounter ◽  
Competition Theory ◽  
Heterosexual Relationship

Male Indian Flying Foxes ( Pteropus giganteus) that spend more time performing oral sex on a female also spend more time copulating with her. In humans, men who spend more time copulating with their regular partner also perform more “semen-displacing” copulatory behaviors (e.g., deeper, more vigorous penile thrusting). We investigated whether men who spend more time performing oral sex on their regular partner also spend more time copulating with her and perform more semen-displacing copulatory behaviors. We proposed and tested the ejaculate adjustment hypothesis for men's copulatory behaviors: Men adjust their copulatory behaviors to increase their sexual arousal and consequent ejaculate quality, thereby increasing their chances of success in sperm competition. Two hundred and thirty-three men in a committed, heterosexual relationship responded to questions about their copulatory behavior and sexual arousal during their most recent sexual encounter with their long-term partner. The results indicated that men who spend more time performing oral sex on their partner also spend more time copulating with her, perform more semen-displacing copulatory behaviors, and report greater sexual arousal. We discuss limitations to the current research and highlight the heuristic value of sperm competition theory for understanding human sexual behaviors.

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