Spontaneous vesiculation: mixed lecithin-bile salt solutions as a biologically relevant model system

2007 ◽  
pp. 267-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Schurtenberger ◽  
S. Egelhaaf ◽  
M. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salt ◽  
Model System ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Relevant Model ◽  
Biologically Relevant

scholarly journals Enhanced Dissolution of Naproxen by Combining Cocrystallization and Eutectic Formation

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 618
Author(s):  
Hakyeong Kim ◽  
Soeun Jang ◽  
Il Won Kim
Keyword(s):  
Model System ◽  
Dissolution Behavior ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Biorelevant Media ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Enhanced Dissolution ◽  
Dissolution Properties ◽  
Eutectic Formation ◽  
Combined Strategy

Improving dissolution properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) is a critical step in drug development with the increasing occurrence of sparingly soluble APIs. Cocrystal formation is one of the methods to alter the physicochemical properties of APIs, but its dissolution behavior in biorelevant media has been scrutinized only in recent years. We investigated the combined strategy of cocrystallization and eutectic formation in this regard and utilized the cocrystal model system of naproxen and three pyridinecarboxamide isomers. Binary melting diagrams were constructed to discover the eutectic compositions of the three cocrystals with excess amounts of pyridinecarboxamides. The melt–crystallized eutectics and cocrystals were compared in their dissolution behaviors with respect to neat naproxen. The eutectics enhanced the early dissolution rates of the cocrystals in both the absence and presence of biologically relevant bile salt and phospholipid components, whereas the cocrystal dissolution was expedited and delayed, respectively. The combined strategy in the present study will be advantageous in maximizing the utility of the pharmaceutical cocrystals.

scholarly journals Photoprotective Properties of Eumelanin: Computational Insights into the Photophysics of a Catechol:Quinone Heterodimer Model System

Photochem ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-37
Author(s):  
Victoria C. Frederick ◽  
Thomas A. Ashy ◽  
Barbara Marchetti ◽  
Michael N. R. Ashfold ◽  
Tolga N. V. Karsili
Keyword(s):  
Ground State ◽  
Sandwich Structure ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Carbonyl Oxygen ◽  
Model System ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Uv Damage ◽  
Chromosomal Dna ◽  
Relevant Model

Melanins are skin-centered molecular structures that block harmful UV radiation from the sun and help protect chromosomal DNA from UV damage. Understanding the photodynamics of the chromophores that make up eumelanin is therefore paramount. This manuscript presents a multi-reference computational study of the mechanisms responsible for the experimentally observed photostability of a melanin-relevant model heterodimer comprising a catechol (C)–benzoquinone (Q) pair. The present results validate a recently proposed photoinduced intermolecular transfer of an H atom from an OH moiety of C to a carbonyl-oxygen atom of the Q. Photoexcitation of the ground state C:Q heterodimer (which has a π-stacked “sandwich” structure) results in population of a locally excited ππ* state (on Q), which develops increasing charge-transfer (biradical) character as it evolves to a “hinged” minimum energy geometry and drives proton transfer (i.e., net H atom transfer) from C to Q. The study provides further insights into excited state decay mechanisms that could contribute to the photostability afforded by the bulk polymeric structure of eumelanin.

THE MICELLAR STRUCTURE OF BILE SALT SOLUTIONS

1965 ◽  
pp. 252-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
KRISTER FONTELL
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salt ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Micellar Structure

Postprandial intestinal hyperemia: role of bile salts in the ileum

1981 ◽  
Vol 241 (6) ◽  
pp. G469-G477 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Kvietys ◽  
J. M. McLendon ◽  
D. N. Granger
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Bile Salt ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Oxygen Difference ◽  
Artificial Pressure

In an autoperfused dog ileum preparation, artificial pressure, venous outflow pressure, blood flow, and arteriovenous oxygen difference were measured while bile and bile salt solutions, at physiological concentrations, were placed in the lumen. Intraluminal placement of endogenous bile, synthetic bile, or bile salt solutions increased ileal blood flow (99 +/- 10, 94 +/- 20, and 104 +/- 17%, respectively) and oxygen uptake (30 +/- 5, 36 +/- 9, and 28 +/- 5%, respectively). Endogenous bile pretreated with cholestyramine, a bile salt-sequestering resin, did not alter ileal blood flow, yet increased ileal oxygen uptake by 11 +/- 3%, a response similar to that observed while Tyrode's solution (the vehicle) was in the lumen. Intra-arterial infusion of bile salts increased ileal blood flow in a dose-dependent manner, while not significantly altering ileal oxygen uptake. The results of the present study indicate that bile salts play an important role in the functional (postprandial) hyperemia in the ileum by 1) directly dilating the ileal vasculature and 2) enhancing ileal metabolism during their active absorption.

scholarly journals Homologous Mutation to Human BRAF V600E Is Common in Naturally Occurring Canine Bladder Cancer—Evidence for a Relevant Model System and Urine-Based Diagnostic Test

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 993-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brennan Decker ◽  
Heidi G. Parker ◽  
Deepika Dhawan ◽  
Erika M. Kwon ◽  
Eric Karlins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Model System ◽  
Braf V600e ◽  
Relevant Model ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Canine Bladder Cancer

Studies in bile salt solutions. IV. Rile salt catalysis and inhibition of ester hydrolysis

1984 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 1881 ◽  
Author(s):  
CJ O'Conner ◽  
RG Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Acetylsalicylic Acid ◽  
Bile Salt ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Ester Hydrolysis ◽  
Diethyl Acetal ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Phenyl Salicylate ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Ph Range

The reactivity of 4-nitrophenyl acetate has been examined in solutions of mono-, di-, and tri-hydroxy- cholanates and their taurine and glycine conjugates. The effect of cholate solutions on the stability of acetylsalicylic acid, phenyl salicylate and benzaldehyde diethyl acetal has also been determined. At the bile salt concentrations and in the pH range of the duodenum, bile salts do not significantly influence the stability of these compounds.

scholarly journals The on-fibrillation-pathway membrane content leakage and off-fibrillation-pathway lipid mixing induced by 40-residue β-amyloid peptides in biologically relevant model liposomes

2018 ◽  
Vol 1860 (9) ◽  
pp. 1670-1680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinghui Cheng ◽  
Zhi-Wen Hu ◽  
Katelynne E. Doherty ◽  
Yuto J. Tobin-Miyaji ◽  
Wei Qiang
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Model ◽  
Amyloid Peptides ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Β Amyloid

Thermodynamics of aqueous bile salt solutions: Heat capacity, enthalpy and entropy of dilution

1981 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 785-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Rajagopalan ◽  
M. Vadnere ◽  
S. Lindenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Heat Capacity ◽  
Bile Salt ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Enthalpy And Entropy

Dissolution Rate of Griseofulvin in Bile Salt Solutions

1991 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan H. de Smidt ◽  
Jaap C.A. Offringa ◽  
Daan J.A. Crommelin
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salt ◽  
Dissolution Rate ◽  
Salt Solutions
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