Abstract
Compactifications of the heterotic string on Td are the simplest, yet rich enough playgrounds to uncover swampland ideas: the U(1)d+16 left-moving gauge symmetry gets enhanced at special points in moduli space only to certain groups. We state criteria, based on lattice embedding techniques, to establish whether a gauge group is realized or not. For generic d, we further show how to obtain the moduli that lead to a given gauge group by modifying the method of deleting nodes in the extended Dynkin diagram of the Narain lattice II1,17. More general algorithms to explore the moduli space are also developed. For d = 1 and 2 we list all the maximally enhanced gauge groups, moduli, and other relevant information about the embedding in IId,d+16. In agreement with the duality between heterotic on T2 and F-theory on K3, all possible gauge groups on T2 match all possible ADE types of singular fibers of elliptic K3 surfaces. We also present a simple method to transform the moduli under the duality group, and we build the map that relates the charge lattices and moduli of the compactification of the E8 × E8 and Spin(32)/ℤ2 heterotic theories.
Nongeometric heterotic strings and dual F-theory with enhanced gauge groups
