scholarly journals It takes a village: a realist synthesis of social pediatrics program

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 691-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Tyler ◽  
Judith Lynam ◽  
Patricia O’Campo ◽  
Heather Manson ◽  
Meghan Lynch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Realist Synthesis ◽  
Social Pediatrics

scholarly journals Engaging family caregivers and health system partners in exploring how multi-level contexts in primary care practices affect case management functions and outcomes of patients and family caregivers at end of life: a realist synthesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Warner ◽  
Lisa Garland Baird ◽  
Brendan McCormack ◽  
Robin Urquhart ◽  
Beverley Lawson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Case Management ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
End Of Life Care ◽  
Realist Synthesis ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Care Practices ◽  
Primary Care Practitioners ◽  
Management Functions ◽  
Primary Care Practices

Abstract Background An upstream approach to palliative care in the last 12 months of life delivered by primary care practices is often referred to as Primary Palliative Care (PPC). Implementing case management functions can support delivery of PPC and help patients and their families navigate health, social and fiscal environments that become more complex at end-of-life. A realist synthesis was conducted to understand how multi-level contexts affect case management functions related to initiating end-of-life conversations, assessing patient and caregiver needs, and patient/family centred planning in primary care practices to improve outcomes. The synthesis also explored how these functions aligned with critical community resources identified by patients/families dealing with end-of-life. Methods A realist synthesis is theory driven and iterative, involving the investigation of proposed program theories of how particular contexts catalyze mechanisms (program resources and individual reactions to resources) to generate improved outcomes. To assess whether program theories were supported and plausible, two librarian-assisted and several researcher-initiated purposive searches of the literature were conducted, then extracted data were analyzed and synthesized. To assess relevancy, health system partners and family advisors informed the review process. Results Twenty-eight articles were identified as being relevant and evidence was consolidated into two final program theories: 1) Making end-of-life discussions comfortable, and 2) Creating plans that reflect needs and values. Theories were explored in depth to assess the effect of multi-level contexts on primary care practices implementing tools or frameworks, strategies for improving end-of-life communications, or facilitators that could improve advance care planning by primary care practitioners. Conclusions Primary care practitioners’ use of tools to assess patients/families’ needs facilitated discussions and planning for end-of-life issues without specifically discussing death. Also, receiving training on how to better communicate increased practitioner confidence for initiating end-of-life discussions. Practitioner attitudes toward death and prior education or training in end-of-life care affected their ability to initiate end-of-life conversations and plan with patients/families. Recognizing and seizing opportunities when patients are aware of the need to plan for their end-of-life care, such as in contexts when patients experience transitions can increase readiness for end-of-life discussions and planning. Ultimately conversations and planning can improve patients/families’ outcomes.

scholarly journals Conditions under Which Trickle-Down Effects Occur: A Realist Synthesis Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Luke R. Potwarka ◽  
Pamela Wicker
Keyword(s):  
Role Models ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
Realist Synthesis ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Sport Policy ◽  
What Works ◽  
Sport Events ◽  
Synthesis Approach ◽  
Elite Sports ◽  
Trickle Down

Policy makers often legitimize bids for major sport events and public funding of elite sports by trickle-down effects, suggesting that hosting events, sporting success, and athlete role models inspire the population to participate themselves in sport and physical activity. According to previous review articles, empirical evidence of trickle-down effects are mixed, with several studies citing marginal or no effect. The purpose of this study is to apply a realist synthesis approach to evaluate under which conditions trickle-down effects occur (i.e., what works for whom under which circumstances?). Using rapid evidence assessment methodology, 58 empirical articles were identified in the search process and critically analyzed through the lens of realist synthesis evaluation. The analysis identified six conditions under which trickle-down effects have occurred: Event leveraging initiatives, capacity of community sport to cater for new participants, live spectating experiences, consumption possibilities on television or other media, and communities housing event venues. The findings have implications for the sustainability of sport policy decisions and public finance, as the likelihood of trickle-down effects increases with integrated planning and sustainable spending related to the above six conditions.

Shortcomings in Swedish Social Pediatrics

1979 ◽  
Vol 133 (12) ◽  
pp. 1291
Author(s):  
RUTGER LAGERCRANTZ
Keyword(s):  
Social Pediatrics

An Evidence-Based Theory About PRO Use in Kidney Care: A Realist Synthesis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kara Schick-Makaroff ◽  
Adrienne Levay ◽  
Stephanie Thompson ◽  
Rachel Flynn ◽  
Richard Sawatzky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Realist Synthesis ◽  
Evidence Based

scholarly journals The utilisation of tools to facilitate cross-border communication during international food safety events, 1995–2020: a realist synthesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Joseph Savelli ◽  
Raul Fernando Garcia Acevedo ◽  
Jane Simpson ◽  
Céu Mateus
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Realist Synthesis ◽  
Foodborne Disease ◽  
Global Health Security ◽  
Programme Theory ◽  
Communication Tools ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Communication And Coordination

AbstractEfficient communication and coordination are needed between countries to prevent, detect and respond to international food safety events. While communication tools, networks and systems exist, current evidence suggests that they are only useful within particular contexts and several only target specific geographic areas. There is a need to unpack and explore the mechanisms of how and in what context such communication tools and their components are effective at facilitating international communication and coordination to keep food safe and mitigate the burden of foodborne disease around the world.A realist synthesis was undertaken to understand how and why certain processes and structures of communication tools, used during international food safety events, influence their utility and effectiveness according to different contextual factors. The focus of this review was explanatory and aimed to develop and refine theory regarding how contextual factors trigger specific processes and mechanisms to produce outcomes. Using the realist context–mechanism–outcome configuration of theory development, a range of sources was used to develop an initial programme theory, including the authors’ experience, a scoping review of published papers and grey literature and input from an expert reference committee. Literature was then systematically located and synthesised from several databases with input from the expert reference committee to refine the programme theory.The programme theory developed indicates that when a country has interests in food import or export, has the technical infrastructure to detect and respond to food safety events, and is governed in accordance with regional and/or global laws and regulations relating to food control and global health security, then specific mechanisms will facilitate various outcomes. Mechanisms include trust, experience, support, awareness, understanding, a sense of community, standardisation and intersectoral collaboration. The outcomes include using communication tools to relay information abroad and the prevention of foodborne diseases, among others.Components of such communication tools may be adapted according to different contextual factors to promote, support and improve their use. Improving international coordination and communication during international food safety events is in the interest of global health security and can mitigate the global burden of foodborne disease.

Handbuch der Kinderheilkunde

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 803-804
Author(s):  
HEINZ F. EICHENWALD
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
The United States ◽  
Urinary System ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Function ◽  
Entire Field ◽  
Social Pediatrics

Volume III of the Handbuch der Kinderheilkunde contributes another significant segment to the encyclopedic exposition of the entire field of pediatrics, which eventually will occupy nine large volumes. Volumes II and IV have previously been reviewed in this journal. Also available at this time are Volume V (Infectious Diseases) and Volume VII (The Lungs, The Heart, Cardiopulmonary Function, The Kidneys, and The Urinary System). Volume III deals with two separate fields, immunology and social pediatrics. It contains contributions by 67 authors; most authors are from Germany but some are also from Switzerland Poland, and the United States.

PROBLEMS OF INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE TRAINING IN SOCIAL PEDIATRICS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-320
Author(s):  
Nathalie P. Masse
Keyword(s):  
Social Problems ◽  
Postgraduate Training ◽  
Postgraduate Education ◽  
Social Pediatrics ◽  
Stimulation Of

The results of international postgraduate education are difficult to assess; the various questionnaires, evaluation sessions, personal contacts between delegates and the teaching body and information on the development of services in the countries, may give some indications of the efficacy and usefulness of the efforts made by the different agencies who devote themselves to this work. From the information we have gathered, our efforts in this field seem to have contributed to the stimulation of interest in the medico-social problems of the child, to improvement to some extent of the standards of work, and to the promotion of international co-operation.

scholarly journals Balancing student/trainee learning with the delivery of patient care in the healthcare workplace: a protocol for realist synthesis

BMJ Open ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. e011145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Sholl ◽  
Rola Ajjawi ◽  
Helen Allbutt ◽  
Jane Butler ◽  
Divya Jindal-Snape ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Care ◽  
Realist Synthesis
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