Effects of chronic physical activity on cognition across the lifespan: a systematic meta-review of randomized controlled trials and realist synthesis of contextualized mechanisms

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-39
Author(s):  
Caterina Pesce ◽  
Spyridoula Vazou ◽  
Valentin Benzing ◽  
Celia Álvarez-Bueno ◽  
Sofia Anzeneder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Realist Synthesis ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Meta Review

scholarly journals Clinical Effectiveness of Weight Loss and Weight Maintenance Interventions for Men: A Systematic Review of Men-Only Randomized Controlled Trials (The ROMEO Project)

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1096-1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Robertson ◽  
Alison Avenell ◽  
Fiona Stewart ◽  
Daryll Archibald ◽  
Flora Douglas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Behavior Change Techniques ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
And Behavior

Men are underrepresented in obesity services, suggesting current weight loss service provision is suboptimal. This systematic review evaluated evidence-based strategies for treating obesity in men. Eight bibliographic databases and four clinical trials’ registers were searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of weight loss interventions in men only, with mean/median body mass index of ≥30 kg/m2 (or ≥28 kg/m2 with cardiac risk factors), with a minimum mean/median duration of ≥52 weeks. Interventions included diet, physical activity, behavior change techniques, orlistat, or combinations of these; compared against each other, placebo, or a no intervention control group; in any setting. Twenty-one reports from 14 RCTs were identified. Reducing diets produced more favorable weight loss than physical activity alone (mean weight change after 1 year from a reducing diet compared with an exercise program −3.2 kg, 95% confidence interval −4.8 to −1.6 kg, reported p < .01). The most effective interventions combined reducing diets, exercise, and behavior change techniques (mean difference in weight at 1 year compared with no intervention was −4.9 kg, 95% confidence interval −5.9 to −4.0, reported p < .0001). Group interventions produced favorable weight loss results. The average reported participant retention rate was 78.2%, ranging from 44% to 100% retention, indicating that, once engaged, men remained committed to a weight loss intervention. Weight loss for men is best achieved and maintained with the combination of a reducing diet, increased physical activity, and behavior change techniques. Strategies to increase engagement of men with weight loss services to improve the reach of interventions are needed.

Physical activity in Alzheimer's disease: research in its infancy or why we need more randomized controlled trials

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola T. Lautenschlager
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled

With the global aging of our societies and predicted increase of cognitive impairment and dementia, it is no surprise that there is an increasing interest in the research community, but also among clinicians and the general population to learn more about how to focus on modifiable protective factors and how to avoid modifiable risk factors. A recent review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses on significant risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD) highlighted the importance of diabetes, hypertension, obesity, smoking, depression, cognitive inactivity, and physical inactivity (Barnes and Yaffe, 2011). For physical inactivity, for example, the authors reported that up to one million cases of AD could be prevented globally if a physical inactivity could be reduced by 25%. However, we should not forget about the various stages of prevention, and especially in the field of psychogeriatrics should also ask what preventative measures might be effective for older adults who have already experienced cognitive impairment. So we could focus on a secondary prevention approach for individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or on a tertiary preventative approach for patients with dementia. The number of randomized controlled trials (RCT) investigating the effectiveness of physical activity on cognition is limited for healthy participants and those with MCI, but is even more sparse for those with dementia. Even with the limited number of studies it often is difficult to compare RCTs due to the huge variation in inclusion and exclusion criteria, methodology, instruments used and outcomes, intervention and duration of interventions, and observations.

scholarly journals Digital Self-Management Support Tools in the Care Plan of Patients With Cancer: Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

10.2196/20861 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. e20861
Author(s):  
Danielle JM Adriaans ◽  
Angelique TM Dierick-van Daele ◽  
Marc Johannes Hubertus Maria van Bakel ◽  
Grard AP Nieuwenhuijzen ◽  
Joep AW Teijink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Management Support ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Support Tools

Background Digital self-management support tools (DSMSTs)—electronic devices or monitoring systems to monitor or improve health status—have become increasingly important in cancer care. Objective The aim of this review is to analyze published randomized clinical trials to assess the effectiveness of DSMSTs on physical and psychosocial symptoms or other supportive care needs in adult patients with cancer. Methods Five databases were searched from January 2013 to January 2020. English or Dutch language randomized controlled trials comparing DSMSTs with no intervention, usual care, alternative interventions, or a combination and including patients aged ≥18 years with pathologically proven cancer in the active treatment or survivorship phases were included. The results were summarized qualitatively. Results A total of 19 publications describing 3 types of DSMSTs were included. Although the content, duration, and frequency of interventions varied considerably across studies, the commonly used elements included an assessment component, tailored symptom self-management support, an information section, a communication section, and a diary. Significant positive effects were observed on quality of life in 6 (out of 10) studies, on anxiety in 1 (out of 5) study and depression in 2 (out of 8) studies, on symptom distress in 5 (out of 7) studies, on physical activity in 4 (out of 6) studies, on dietary behavior in 1 (out of 4) study, and on fatigue in 2 (out of 5) studies. Moreover, significant negative effects were observed on anxiety in 1 (out of 5) study and depression in 1 (out of 8) study. Most interventions were web-based interventions; 2 studies used mobile apps, and 1 study used a game as a DSMST. The overall quality of the studies was found to be good, with 13 out of 19 studies classified as high quality. Conclusions This review suggests that DSMSTs have a beneficial effect on the quality of life. For effects on other patient outcomes (eg, anxiety and depression, symptom distress, physical activity, dietary behavior, and fatigue), the evidence is inconsistent and limited or no effect is suggested. Future research should focus on specific tumor types, study different types of interventions separately, and assess the effects of specific interventions at different stages of disease progression.

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