Respuesta con enfoque de derechos de la niñez frente a la pandemia por COVID-19 en Chile, Colombia y Perú

Objetivo. Describir las estrategias que fueron establecidas por Chile, Colombia y Perú durante el primer añode la pandemia por COVID-19 y compararlas desde el enfoque de derechos de la niñez. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo de análisis comparado de políticas públicas, tomando com eje siete categorías construidas por el Capítulo Latinoamericano de la International-Society-for-Social- Pediatrics-and-Child-Health a partir de la Convención de Derechos de la Niñez (CDN). La selecciónde los documentos de los países se realizó por conveniencia y su análisis en diálogos deliberativos. Resultados. Se revisaron 173 documentos de los tres países. Destaca como convergencia la priorización de la prevención de la transmisión comunitaria del virus, por sobre la promoción del ejercicio de derechos dela niñez, la falta de participación de niños, niñas y adolescentes (NNA) en el proceso de elaboración de las políticas públicas, y la falta de avance en el reconocimiento y protección del ejercicio de todos sus derechos. No hubo mayores divergencias más allá de brechas de desigualdad identificadas con base a la realidad de cada país. Conclusión. La pandemia ha afectado el funcionamiento de los sistemas económicos, sociales, de salud, educación, medioambiente y gobernanza de estos tres países. Si bien este estudio muestra un avance en la inclusión del enfoque de derechos de NNA en las políticas formuladas, su comprensión como sujetos sociales y políticos titulares de derecho podría permitir la construcción de alternativas colectivas que garanticen la salud y el bienestar para todas las personas en el curso de vida.

The Emergence of Planetary Pediatrics

Pediatrics has witnessed an evolution from primary care, family-centered care, community pediatrics, social pediatrics and global pediatrics, which has shifted our attention beyond the clinic setting to an appreciation of children in their lived environment. We are witnessing the emergence of planetary pediatrics that further broadens the focus of children’s health to include the continued importance of clinical care, but also the impacts of climate change, environmental degradation, child migration, unrelenting war and conflict, social injustice, pandemics and violence against children. If we do not acknowledge the present and ever-increasing adverse planetary changes of what children are experiencing now and in the future, we will have failed to adequately protect them from impending catastrophes. The hope of pediatrics for the future is to improve the health and well-being of all children. This hope remains as relevant today as it was for our predecessors and serves as a beacon for the voyage through the remainder of the twenty-first century.

The Psychiatrists’ Contribution in Overcoming Children’s Homelessness in Moscow in the 1920s

The article is devoted to the psychiatrists’ activities in overcoming children’s homelessness in the 1920s in Moscow. The social roots of homelessness as a source of juvenile offences in the capital are shown. Anti-children’s homelessness measures implemented by government and health care system are presented. The problem acuteness of mental disorders in homelessness and young offenders was revealed, the importance of their medical and pedagogical correction for further successful socialization was grounded. We have analyzed the actions of Moscow psychiatrists, employees of National Institute of Protection of Children and Adolescents of People’s Commissariat of Public Health named after 10th anniversary of the October Revolution (N.I. Ozeretsky, M.O. Gurevich, E.P. Radin, etc.) on research of causes and correction of mental disorders in homeless children, humanization of correctional facilities for young offenders, and the organization of the Russian psychiatric service for children. The research of these scientists has played crucial role in the development of social pediatrics. The conclusion about the significant contribution of psychiatrists to overcoming children’s homelessness in Moscow was made.

Social pediatrics in a baccalaureate nursing curriculum

This paper describes the use of social pediatrics in one baccalaureate nursing curriculum. Social pediatrics is a conceptual model that considers health as physical health and the social determinants of health. Social pediatrics focuses on community-based primary healthcare services for at-risk children and their families. The social pediatrics model is used by community early childhood education StrongStart sites in one Canadian province; these sites are collaborations between early childhood educators and public health nursing teams for children from infancy through five years of age. Acute care clinical placements are becoming too complex and limited in number to accommodate large undergraduate nursing cohorts. Our undergraduate nursing program recently shifted acute care pediatric placements to StrongStart sites, combining community pediatric and public health nursing learning objectives and learning activities that foreground social pediatrics. The acute care component of pediatric nursing includes classroom theory, clinical laboratory and virtual simulations. This paper describes social pediatrics integration within our undergraduate curriculum between 2018-2019; and a qualitative evaluation of our social pediatrics approach in 2019-2020. We used content analysis to identify common themes from interviews with key actors, including students’ clinical instructors, StrongStart sites’ early childhood educators and managers, and public health nurse managers affiliated with StrongStart sites. Common themes were related to social pediatrics learning opportunities and drawbacks; social pediatrics knowledge, skills and attitudes; and recommendations for curriculum enhancement.

118 Innovating Pediatric Behavioural Assessments and Care Pathways: Community Consultation Phase

Background It is well-documented that children facing social disparities, trauma and toxic stress will experience a disproportionate number of negative physical and mental health outcomes across their lifespan. A common manifestation of this is the increasing prevalence of behaviour-related diagnoses in school-aged children. Regardless of whether a child suffers from a true behaviour disorder, or if they are displaying symptoms that relate to complex and challenging social conditions, they require a thoughtful, collaborative and inclusive approach to their care. Community Social Pediatrics adopts such an approach. Objectives The objective of the current study is to examine and understand the experiences of children and their families during the referral and treatment process for pediatric behavioural referrals in our local region. We will also explore the perspective of service providers on the challenges and strengths of the current system. Design/Methods A focus group (n=8) using semi-structured group interviews was conducted with caregivers whose children were in various stages of care/treatment regarding behavorial issues in the region surrounding Saint John, NB. Questions focused on: experiences in the system; efficacy of services; the child’s experience; wait times; and system cohesion. Qualitative thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Through a strategic planning exercise (n=26), we were able to engage service providers and experts in this area to delineate the challenges and strengths that they perceive in the current system, and to provide insights they have into working with families. Results The major themes identified by families were defined by positive interactions, negative interactions, barriers, their own behavioural responses to the system and the impact on the child. Families’ positive experiences were associated with respectful and effective communication, integrated wrap-around services, assistance with navigation, and a child-centred approach. Negative experiences were rooted in feeling stigmatized by service providers, lack of communication between service providers, and inadequate mental health services for children. A number of system and personal barriers were identified. The service providers echoed these issues: provide equitable and efficient access to services; understand the needs of the family; strengthen relationships with partners and clients; and create a supportive working environment. Conclusion Consultation with families and service providers identified a number of issues in how children access and engage with community services. Community Social Pediatrics seeks to impact health at the community level and addresses the needs of children in a way that reflects the social context of their lives, community and society. Assessment and care procedures that are delivered through this model aim to remove barriers, reduce fragmentation and increase collaboration and communication across the entire care team.