Kenaf core and bast fiber chips as raw material in production of one-layer experimental particleboards

Abstract Application of kenaf core powder as a natural plywood binder has been studied. In the first instance, binderless boards made of kenaf core powder and overlaid sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) veneers resulted in immediate veneer delamination. However, binderless boards were successfully manufactured from sugi wood powder and had an internal bonding strength of 1.69 MPa. The board properties improved with increasing fineness of the raw material, increasing pressing temperature, and increasing board density. Essential prerequisites for binderless adhesion are: (1) particles should be situated close to each other to allow the formation of chemical bonds; and (2) a high pressing temperature is necessary to melt the solid-solid interfaces between the particles and to supply the activation energy for chemical reactions. For successful adaptation of these requirements, the kenaf core powder should have an average particle size of approximately 10 μm, which then mediates close contact between veneers. Plywood bonded with kenaf core powder had an average tensile shear strength of 0.96 MPa with a wood failure rate of 82.1%. Accordingly, vibratory ball milling activates kenaf core and the powder is suitable as a natural plywood binder.

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The Study of Kraft Continuous Cooking of Knenaf

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.1212 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 236-238 ◽

pp. 1212-1215 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dong Mei Yu ◽

Ke Fu Chen ◽

Chuan Shan Zhao ◽

Jun Xu

Keyword(s):

Raw Material ◽

High Yield ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Fiber Morphology ◽

Bast Fiber ◽

The Core ◽

Hardwood Pulp ◽

Cooking Conditions

The paper studied the possibility of using the whole stalk kenaf as a raw material for producing high yield and good quality bleachable pulp. The stem of kenaf has two distinct parts: the bast and the core. which have markedly different chemical components and fiber morphology. In general, the length of bast fiber ranges from about 2-2.5mm, while that of the core varies from about 0.5-0.8mm, so it is important to achieve a balance of the bast fiber and the core during pulping. The study indicated that using the selected continuous cooking conditions, the properties of kenaf pulp approached to the hardwood pulp and would be easily bleached.

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Comparative transcriptomics of stem bark reveals genes associated with bast fiber development in Boehmeria nivea L. Gaud (ramie)

10.21203/rs.2.11390/v4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jiyong Xie ◽

Jiaqi Li ◽

Yucheng Jie ◽

Deyu Xie ◽

Di Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Cell Wall ◽

De Novo ◽

Fiber Quality ◽

Histological Study ◽

Raw Material ◽

Acid Oxidase ◽

Phloem Tissue ◽

Bast Fiber ◽

Boehmeria Nivea

Abstract Background: Boehmeria nivea L. Gaud (Ramie) produces one of the longest natural fibers in nature. The bark of ramie mainly comprises of the phloem tissue of stem and is the raw material for fiber. Therefore, identifying the molecular regulation of phloem development is important for understanding of bast fiber biosynthesis and improvement of fiber quality in ramie.Results: In this study, we collected top bud (TB), bark from internode elongating region (ER) and bark from internode fully elongated region (FER) from the ramie variety Zhongzhu No. 1. Histological study indicated that these samples contain phloem tissues at different developmental and maturation stages, with a higher degree of maturation of phloem tissue in FER. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed and de novo transcriptome was assembled. Unigenes and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in these three samples were identified. The analysis of DEGs by using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) revealed clear differences in gene expression between ER and FER. Some unigenes involved in secondary cell wall biosynthesis were up-regulated in both ER and FER, while unigenes for some cell wall components or cell wall modifications showed differential expression between ER and FER. In addition, the ethylene respond factors (ERFs) in the ethylene signaling pathway were up-regulated in FER, and ent-kaurenoic acid oxidase (KAO) and GA 20-oxidase (GA20ox) for gibberellins biosynthesis were up-regulated while GA 2-oxidase (GA2ox) for gibberellin inactivation was down-regulated in FER.Conclusions: Both morphological study and gene expression analysis supported a burst of phloem and vascular developmental processes during the fiber maturation in the ramie stem, and ethylene and gibberellin are likely to be involved in this process. Our findings provide novel insights into the phloem development and fiber maturation in ramie, which could be useful for fiber improvement in ramie and other fiber crops.

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Production of Lactic Acid from Kenaf Core Hydrolysate by Rhizopus oryzae FTCC 5215

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.576.248 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 576 ◽

pp. 248-251 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S.M. Nurhafizah ◽

Hazleen Anuar ◽

M. Mel ◽

Rashidi Othman ◽

M.N. Nur Aisyah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Rhizopus Oryzae ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Hibiscus Cannabinus ◽

Raw Material ◽

Food Sources ◽

Lignocellulosic Material ◽

Kenaf Core ◽

Hydrolysis Process

Lactic acid (LA) is commercially produced biologically using food-derived raw materials such as potato and corn. It seems to be less economical since they have to compete with the food sources industries. Thus, kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) is found to be the best alternative to substitute the raw material for LA production. In this paper, kenaf core were used as the substrate for production of LA by Rhizopus oryzae FTCC 5215. Since kenaf is one type of lignocellulosic material which is naturally resistant to breakdown to its structural sugars, it will inhibit microorganisms to be accessed through. Thus, hydrolysis process is needed as the aid for the liberation glucose. The highest value of lactic acid produced is 15.2 g/L at 25 oC with speed 200 rpm.

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Properties of kenaf core binderless particleboard reinforced with kenaf bast fiber-woven sheets

Journal of Wood Science ◽

10.1007/s10086-004-0672-9 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 51 (4) ◽

pp. 415-420 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Jianying Xu ◽

Ragil Widyorini ◽

Shuichi Kawai

Keyword(s):

Bast Fiber ◽

Kenaf Core ◽

Kenaf Bast ◽

Kenaf Bast Fiber

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Enzymatic Treatment of Mulberry Bast to Pulping

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.295-298.351 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 295-298 ◽

pp. 351-353

Author(s):

Mei Hong Niu ◽

Na Li ◽

Jian Zhang ◽

Qing Wei Ping

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factors ◽

Ph Value ◽

Kappa Number ◽

Enzymatic Treatment ◽

Raw Material ◽

Optimal Temperature ◽

High Quality ◽

Bast Fiber ◽

Environmental Friendly ◽

Pectin Content

Bast fiber as raw material for bio-pulping has become a hot topic for its environmental-friendly and high quality fiber for paper in pulp and papermaking industry. In this paper, the reaction of the mulberry bast enzymatic pulping has been researched. It was treated with pectinase, find the best environmental factors, such as temperature and pH value, The results show that: from the changes of pectin content, pentosan content and Kappa number to determine the optimal temperature was 50°C, and pH value was 4.

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Comparative transcriptomics of stem bark reveals genes associated with bast fiber development in Boehmeria nivea L. Gaud (ramie)

10.21203/rs.2.11390/v3 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Jiyong Xie ◽

Jiaqi Li ◽

Yucheng Jie ◽

Deyu Xie ◽

Di Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Cell Wall ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

De Novo ◽

Fiber Quality ◽

Histological Study ◽

Raw Material ◽

Phloem Tissue ◽

Bast Fiber ◽

Boehmeria Nivea

Abstract Background: Boehmeria nivea L. Gaud (Ramie) produces one of the longest natural fibers in nature. The bark of ramie mainly comprises of the phloem tissue of stem and is the raw material for fiber. Therefore, identifying the molecular regulation of phloem development is important for understanding of bast fiber biosynthesis and improvement of fiber quality in ramie. Results: In this study, we collected top bud (TB), bark from internode elongating region (ER) and bark from internode fully elongated region (FER) from the ramie variety Zhongzhu No. 1. Histological study indicated that these samples contain phloem tissues at different developmental and maturation stages, with a higher degree of maturation of phloem tissue in FER. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in these three samples. The de novo transcriptome was assembled and unigenes were identified. The DEGs among TB, ER and FER were analyzed, and Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) studies revealed clear differences in gene expression between ER and FER. Some unigenes for secondary cell wall biosynthesis were up-regulated in both ER and FER, while unigenes for some cell wall components or cell wall modifications showed differential expression between ER and FER. In addition, ethylene activating pathway and gibberellins biosynthesis showed distinct regulation and coincided with the developmental stages of the samples. Conclusions: Both morphological study and gene expression analysis supported a burst of phloem and vascular developmental processes during the fiber maturation in the ramie stem, and the phytohormon ethylene and gibberellin are likely to be involved in this process. Our findings provide novel insights into the phloem development and fiber maturation in ramie, which could be useful for fiber improvement in ramie and other fiber crops.

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Comparative transcriptomics of stem bark reveals genes associated with bast fiber development in Boehmeria nivea L. Gaud (ramie)

10.21203/rs.2.11390/v2 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Jiyong Xie ◽

Jiaqi Li ◽

Yucheng Jie ◽

Deyu Xie ◽

Di Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Cell Wall ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

De Novo ◽

Fiber Quality ◽

Histological Study ◽

Raw Material ◽

Phloem Tissue ◽

Bast Fiber ◽

Boehmeria Nivea

Abstract Background: Boehmeria nivea L. Gaud (Ramie) produces one of the longest natural fibers in nature. The bark of ramie mainly comprises of the phloem tissue of stem and is the raw material for fiber. Therefore, identifying the molecular regulation of phloem development is important for understanding of bast fiber biosynthesis and improvement of fiber quality in ramie.Results: In this study, we collected top bud (TB), bark from internode elongating region (ER) and bark from internode fully elongated region (FER) from the ramie variety Zhongzhu No. 1. Histological study indicated that these samples contain phloem tissues at different developmental and maturation stages, with a higher degree of maturation of phloem tissue in FER. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in these three samples. The de novo transcriptome was assembled and unigenes were identified. The DEGs among TB, ER and FER were analyzed, and Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) studies revealed clear differences in gene expression between ER and FER. Some unigenes for secondary cell wall biosynthesis were up-regulated in both ER and FER, while unigenes for some cell wall components or cell wall modifications showed differential expression between ER and FER. In addition, ethylene activating pathway and gibberellins biosynthesis showed distinct regulation and coincided with the developmental stages of the samples. Conclusions: Both morphological study and gene expression analysis supported a burst of phloem and vascular developmental processes during the fiber maturation in the ramie stem, and the phytohormon ethylene and gibberellin are likely to be involved in this process. Our findings provide novel insights into the phloem development and fiber maturation in ramie, which could be useful for fiber improvement in ramie and other fiber crops.

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Comparative transcriptomics of stem bark reveals genes associated with bast fiber development in Boehmeria nivea L. Gaud (ramie)

10.21203/rs.2.11390/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Jiyong Xie ◽

Jiaqi Li ◽

Yucheng Jie ◽

Deyu Xie ◽

Di Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Cell Wall ◽

De Novo ◽

Fiber Quality ◽

Histological Study ◽

Raw Material ◽

Phloem Tissue ◽

Cell Wall Modification ◽

Bast Fiber ◽

Boehmeria Nivea

Abstract Background: Boehmeria nivea L. Gaud (Ramie) produces one of the longest natural fibers in nature. The bark of ramie is the raw material for fiber and primarily includes the entire phloem tissue of the plant stem. Therefore, identifying the molecular regulation of phloem development is important for the understanding of bast fiber biosynthesis and improvement in fiber quality in ramie. Results: In this study, we collected top bud (TB), bark from internode elongating region (ER) and bark from internode fully elongated region (FER) from the ramie variety Zhongzhu No. 1. Histological study indicated that these samples contain phloem tissues at different developmental and maturation stages, with a higher degree of maturation of phloem tissue in FER. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among these three samples. The de novo transcriptome was assembled and unigenes were identified. The DEGs among TB, ER and FER were analyzed, and Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) studies revealed clear differences in gene expression between ER and FER. Some unigenes for secondary cell wall biosynthesis were up-regulated in both ER and FER, and other cell wall components or cell wall modification related genes showed differential expression between ER and FER. In addition, ethylene activating pathway and gibberellins biosynthesis varied among samples in a stage dependent pattern. Conclusions: Both morphological study and gene expression analysis supported a burst of phloem and vascular development processes during the fiber maturation in the ramie stem. Two types of phytohormons, ethylene and gibberellin, might be involved in. Our findings provide novel insights into the phloem development and fiber maturation in ramie, which could be useful for fiber improvement in ramie and other fiber crops.

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